Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate
the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or
of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies,
laws, rules and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this
major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level, except for
Sub-major Group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers, for which
skills at the third ISCO skill level are generally required.
Tasks performed by managers usually include:
formulating and advising on the policy, budgets, laws and regulations of enterprises,
governments and other organizational units; establishing objectives and
standards and formulating and evaluating programmes and policies and procedures
for their implementation; ensuring appropriate systems and procedures are developed
and implemented to provide budgetary control; authorizing material, human and
financial resources to implement policies and programmes; monitoring and
evaluating performance of the organization or enterprise and of its staff;
selecting or approving the selection of
staff; ensuring compliance with
health and safety requirements; planning and directing daily operations;
representing and negotiating on behalf of the government, enterprise or
organizational unit managed in meetings and other forums.
Occupations in this major group are classified
into the following sub-major groups:
11 Chief Executives,
Senior Officials and Legislators
12 Administrative and
Commercial Managers
13 Production and
Specialized Services Managers
14 Hospitality, Retail
and Other Services Managers
Notes
In distinguishing between managers classified in
Major Group 1: Managers, and supervisors, classified in other major groups, it
should be noted that both managers and supervisors may plan, organize,
coordinate, control and direct the work done by others. In addition, managers usually have
responsibility for and make decisions about: the overall strategic and
operational direction of a business or organizational unit (for example about
the kinds, quantity and quality of goods to be produced); budgets (how much
money is to be spent and for what purposes); and the selection, appointment and
dismissal of staff. Supervisors may
provide advice and assistance to managers on these matters, especially in
relation to staff selection and dismissal, but do not have authority to make
decisions.
It should be noted that it is not a necessary
condition that managers have responsibility for all three of strategic and
operational direction, budgets and staff selection and dismissal. The degree of
autonomy they exercise may also vary. The critical difference is that
supervisors are responsible only for the supervision of the activities of other
workers, whereas managers have overall responsibility for the operations of an
organizational unit.
Sub-major Group 11
Chief Executives, Senior Officials and Legislators
Chief executives, senior officials and
legislators formulate and review the policies, and plan, direct, coordinate and
evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other
organizations with the support of other managers. Competent performance in most
occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill
level .
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: presiding over or participating in the proceedings of
legislative bodies, boards of directors and committees; formulating and
advising on the policy budgets, laws and regulations of enterprises, governments and other
organizations; establishing objectives for enterprises, government departments
or agencies and other organizations; formulating or approving and evaluating
programmes and policies and procedures for their implementation; ensuring
appropriate systems and procedures are developed and implemented to provide
budgetary control; authorizing material, human and financial resources to
implement policies and programmes; monitoring and evaluating performance of the
organization or enterprise; selecting or approving the selection of senior
staff; performing ceremonial duties and representing the enterprise,
government, organization or community at official occasions and in meetings,
negotiations, conventions and public hearings.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
111 Legislators and
Senior Officials
112 Managing Directors
and Chief Executives
Minor
Group 111
Legislators
and Senior Officials
Legislators and senior officials determine,
formulate, advise on and direct the implementation of policies of national,
state, regional or local governments or communities, and of special-interest
organizations. They make, ratify, amend
or repeal laws, public rules and regulations, and plan, organize, direct, control and evaluate
the overall activities of government departments and agencies, traditional
communities and special-interest organizations.
Tasks performed usually include: presiding over
or participating in the proceedings of legislative bodies and administrative
councils of governments, legislative assemblies, local communities and special-interest
organizations; serving on government administrative boards or official
committees; investigating matters of concern to the public and promoting the
interests of constituents; formulating and
advising on government policy, budgets, laws and regulations;
establishing objectives for organizations and formulating or approving and evaluating
programmes and policies and procedures for their implementation; recommending,
reviewing, evaluating and approving documents, briefs and reports submitted;
ensuring appropriate systems and procedures are developed and implemented to
provide budgetary control; allocating the use of communal land and other
resources; performing ceremonial duties and representing the government,
organization or community at official occasions and in meetings, negotiations,
conventions and public hearings.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
1111 Legislators
1112 Senior Government
Officials
1113 Traditional
Chiefs and Heads of Villages
1114 Senior Officials
of Special-interest Organizations
1111 Legislators
Legislators determine, formulate and direct
policies of national, state, regional or local governments and international
governmental agencies, and make, ratify, amend or repeal laws, public rules and
regulations. They include elected and non-elected members of parliaments,
councils and governments.
Tasks include –
(a)
presiding over or participating in the proceedings of legislative bodies
and administrative councils of national, state, regional or local governments
or legislative assemblies;
(b)
determining, formulating and directing policies of national, state,
regional or local governments;
(c)
making, ratifying, amending or repealing laws, public rules and
regulations within a statutory or constitutional framework;
(d)
serving on government administrative boards or official committees;
(e)
investigating matters of concern to the public and promoting the
interests of the constituencies which they represent;
(f)
attending community functions and meetings to provide service to the
community, understand public opinion and provide information on government
plans;
(g)
negotiating with other legislators and representatives of interest
groups in order to reconcile differing interests, and to create policies and
agreements;
(h) as members
of the government, directing senior administrators and officials of government
departments and agencies in the interpretation and implementation of government
policies.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
City councillor
▪
Government minister
▪
Mayor
▪
Member of parliament
▪
President (government)
▪
Secretary of state
▪
Senator
▪
State governor
1112 Senior Government Officials
Senior government officials advise governments
on policy matters, oversee the interpretation and implementation of government
policies and legislation by government departments and agencies, represent
their country abroad and act on its behalf, or carry out similar tasks in
intergovernmental organizations. They plan, organize, direct, control and
evaluate the overall activities of municipal or local, regional and national
government departments, boards, agencies or commissions in accordance with
legislation and policies established by government and legislative bodies.
Tasks include –
(a)
advising national, state, regional or local governments and legislators
on policy matters;
(b)
advising on the preparation of government budgets, laws and regulations,
including amendments;
(c)
establishing objectives for government departments or agencies in
accordance with government legislation and policy;
(d)
formulating or approving and evaluating programmes and procedures for
the implementation of government policies in conjunction or consultation with
government,
(e)
recommending, reviewing, evaluating and approving documents, briefs and
reports submitted by middle managers and senior staff members;
(f)
ensuring appropriate systems and procedures are developed and
implemented to provide budgetary control;
(g)
coordinating activities with other senior government managers and
officials;
(h)
making presentations to legislative and other government committees
regarding policies, programmes or budgets;
(i)
overseeing the interpretation and implementation of government policies and
legislation by government departments and agencies.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Ambassador
▪
City administrator
▪
Civil service commissioner
▪
Consul-general
▪
Director-general (government department)
▪
Director-general (intergovernmental organization)
▪
Fire commissioner
▪
Inspector-general (police)
▪
Permanent head (government department)
▪
Police chief constable
▪
Police commissioner
▪
Secretary-general (government administration)
▪
Under-secretary (government)
Note
Chief executives of government-owned enterprises are
included in Unit Group 1120: Managing Directors and Chief Executives.
1113 Traditional Chiefs and Heads
of Villages
Traditional chiefs and heads of villages
perform a variety of legislative, administrative and ceremonial tasks and
duties, determined by ancient traditions as well as by the division of rights
and responsibilities between village chiefs and the local, regional and
national authorities.
Tasks include –
(a) allocating the use of communal land and other
resources among households in the community or village;
(b)
collecting and distributing surplus production of the community or
village;
(c)
settling disputes between members of the community or village;
(d)
disciplining members of the community or village for violation of rules
and customs;
(e)
performing ceremonial duties in connection with births, marriages,
deaths, harvests and other important occasions;
(f)
representing the community or village on local or regional councils;
(g) informing
the community or village about government rules and regulations.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Village chief
▪ Village head
1114 Senior Officials of Special-interest
Organizations
Senior officials of special-interest
organizations determine, formulate and direct the implementation of policies of
special-interest organizations, such as political-party organizations, trade
unions, employers’ organizations, trade and industry associations, humanitarian
or charity organizations, or sports associations, and represent their
organizations and act on their behalf.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining and formulating the policies, rules and regulations of the
organization;
(b)
planning, directing and coordinating the general functioning of the
organization;
(c)
reviewing the operations and results of the organization and reporting
to boards of directors and governing bodies, the organization’s membership and
funding agencies;
(d)
negotiating on behalf of the organization, its members and relevant
special-interest groups;
(e)
promoting the interests of the organization, its members and relevant
special-interest groups before the legislature, government or general public;
(f)
planning, organizing and directing sections charged with implementing
the organization's policies, programmes, rules and regulations;
(g)
ensuring appropriate systems and procedures are developed and
implemented to provide budgetary control;
(h)
monitoring and evaluating performance of the organization or enterprise
against established objectives and policies;
(i)
representing the organization at official occasions and board meetings,
in negotiations and at conventions, public hearings and forums.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Chairperson, trade union
▪ Director-general, employers’ organization
▪ Leader, political party
▪ President, political party
▪ Secretary-general, environment protection organization
▪ Secretary-general, human rights organization
Minor
Group 112
Managing
Directors and Chief Executives
Managing directors and chief executives
formulate and review the policies, and plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate
the overall activities, of enterprises or organizations (except special-interest
organizations and government departments) with the support of other managers,
usually within guidelines established by a board of directors or a governing
body to whom they are answerable for the operations undertaken and results.
Tasks performed usually include: planning,
directing and coordinating the general functioning of an enterprise or
organization; reviewing the operations and results of the enterprise or
organization, and reporting to boards of directors and governing bodies;
determining objectives, strategies, policies and programmes for the enterprise
or organization; providing overall direction and management to organizations;
establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the
efficient use of resources; authorizing material, human and financial resources
to implement organizational policies and programmes; monitoring and evaluating
performance of the organization or enterprise against established objectives
and policies; consulting with senior subordinate staff and reviewing
recommendations and reports; representing the organization at official
occasions, in negotiations and at conventions, seminars, public hearings and
forums; selecting or approving the selection of senior staff; ensuring the
organization complies with relevant legislation and regulations.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
1120 Managing Directors and Chief Executives
1120 Managing Directors and Chief
Executives
Managing directors and chief executives
formulate and review the policies, and plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate
the overall activities, of enterprises or organizations (except special-interest
organizations and government departments) with the support of other managers,
usually within guidelines established by a board of directors or a governing
body to whom they are answerable for the operations undertaken and results.
Tasks include –
(a) planning, directing and coordinating the general functioning of an
enterprise or organization;
(b) reviewing the operations and results of the enterprise or
organization and reporting to boards of directors and governing bodies;
(c) determining objectives, strategies, policies and programmes for the
enterprise or organization;
(d) providing overall leadership and management to the enterprise or
organization;
(e) establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and
ensuring the efficient use of resources;
(f) authorizing material, human and financial resources to implement
organizational policies and programmes;
(g) monitoring and evaluating performance of the organization or
enterprise against established objectives and policies;
(h) consulting with senior subordinate staff and reviewing
recommendations and reports;
(i) representing the organization at official occasions and board
meetings, in negotiations and at conventions, seminars, public hearings and
forums;
(j) selecting or approving the selection of senior staff;
(k) ensuring the organization complies with relevant legislation and
regulations.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪
Chief executive
▪
Managing director
▪
Regional manager
Note
Regional managers and other senior managers who
coordinate and supervise the activities of subordinate managers who have a
diverse range of functional responsibilities are included in Unit Group 1120: Managing
Directors and Chief Executives. Managers responsible for specialized functions
within a specific geographic area are excluded from this unit group. For
example, regional sales managers are classified in Unit Group 1221: Sales and Marketing
Managers. Jobs whose principal responsibility is to participate as a member of
the board of directors of one or more enterprises or organizations are included
in Unit Group 1120: Managing Directors and Chief Executives. Chief executives
of government-owned enterprises are included in Unit Group 1120: Managing Directors
and Chief Executives.
Sub-major Group 12
Administrative and Commercial
Managers
Administrative and commercial managers plan,
organize, direct, control and coordinate the financial, administrative, human
resource, policy, planning, research and development, advertising, public
relations, and sales and marketing activities of enterprises and organizations,
or of enterprises that provide such services to other enterprises and organizations.
Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires
skills at the fourth ISCO skill level
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: formulating and administering policy advice and
strategic and financial planning; establishing and directing operational and
administrative procedures; implementing, monitoring and evaluating strategies
and policies; providing advice to senior managers; directing the development of
initiatives for new products, marketing, public relations and advertising
campaigns; determining and directing sales activities, product mix and customer
service standards; setting prices and credit arrangements; ensuring compliance
with relevant legislation, regulations and standards; controlling selection,
training and performance of staff; preparing budgets and overseeing financial
operations; consulting with the chief executive and with managers of other
departments or sections; controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use
of resources; representing the enterprise or organization in negotiations, and
at conventions, seminars, public hearings and forums.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
121 Business Services
and Administration Managers
122 Sales, Marketing
and Development Managers
Notes
Specialized qualifications and extensive experience
relevant to one or more occupations classified in Major Group 2: Professionals,
or Major Group 3: Technicians and Associate Professionals, are usually
required. Regional managers and other senior managers who coordinate and
supervise the activities of subordinate managers who have a diverse range of
functional responsibilities are included in Unit Group 1120: Managing Directors and Chief Executives.
Minor
Group 121
Business
Services and Administration Managers
Business services and administration managers
plan, organize, direct, control and coordinate the financial, administrative,
human resource, policy and planning activities of organizations, or of
enterprises that provide such services to other enterprises and organizations.
Tasks performed usually include: formulating
and administering policy advice. and strategic and financial planning;
establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;
implementing, monitoring and evaluating strategies and policies; providing
advice to senior managers and board members on financial, administrative,
strategic, policy, programme and legislative issues; ensuring compliance with
relevant legislation, regulations and standards; controlling selection, training
and performance of staff; preparing budgets and overseeing financial
operations; consulting with the chief executive and with managers of other
departments or sections; controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use
of resources; representing the organization in negotiations, and at
conventions, seminars, public hearings and forums.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
1211 Finance Managers
1212 Human Resource Managers
1213 Policy and Planning
Managers
1219 Business Services
and Administration Managers Not Elsewhere Classified
1211 Finance Managers
Finance managers plan, direct and coordinate
the financial operations of an enterprise or organization, in consultation with
senior managers and with managers of other departments or sections, or of
enterprises that provide financial services to other enterprises and
organizations.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning, directing and coordinating the financial operations of an
enterprise or organization;
(b) assessing
the financial situation of the enterprise or organization, preparing budgets
and overseeing financial operations;
(c)
consulting with the chief executive and with managers of other
departments or sections;
(d)
establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring
the efficient use of resources;
(e)
establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;
(f)
planning and directing daily operations;
(g)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff;
(h)
representing the enterprise or organization in dealings with outside
bodies.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Company secretary
▪
Finance manager
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Financial institution branch manager – 1346
▪
Financial controller – 2411
▪
Management accountant – 2411
1212 Human Resource Managers
Human resource managers plan, direct and
coordinate policies concerning the personnel, industrial relations and
occupational health and safety activities of an enterprise or organization, or
of enterprises that provide human resource services to other enterprises and
organizations.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning, directing and coordinating the personnel and industrial
relations activities, policies and practices of an enterprise or organization;
(b)
planning and organizing procedures for recruitment, training, promotion,
transfer and dismissal of staff;
(c)
planning and organizing negotiations and procedures for determination of
wage structures and level and for consultation with workers on conditions of
employment;
(d)
overseeing safety, health and related programmes and activities;
(e)
establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring
the efficient use of resources;
(f) establishing
and directing operational and administrative procedures;
(g)
overseeing the development and implementation of management information
systems;
(h)
ensuring compliance with standards and legislation relating to employees’
rights, health and safety, equal opportunity and related concerns;
(i)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff for the
entire enterprise or organization;
(j)
consulting with senior management and with managers of other
departments;
(k)
representing the enterprise or organization in dealings with outside
bodies.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Industrial relations manager
▪
Personnel manager
▪
Recruitment manager
1213 Policy and Planning Managers
Policy and planning managers plan, organize,
direct and coordinate policy advice and strategic planning activities within
government or for non-government organizations and private sector agencies, or
manage the activities of enterprises that provide policy and strategic planning
services.
Tasks include –
(a)
developing, implementing and monitoring strategic plans, programmes,
policies, processes, systems and procedures to achieve goals, objectives and
work standards;
(b)
developing, directing, administering and participating in policy
research and analysis;
(c)
coordinating the implementation of policies and practices;
(d)
establishing activity measures and measurements of accountability;
(e)
planning and directing daily operations;
(f)
leading and managing the activities of policy development and strategic
planning staff;
(g)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff;
(h)
consulting with senior management and with managers of other
departments;
(i)
representing the enterprise or organization in negotiations, and at
conventions, seminars, public hearings and forums.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Corporate planning manager
▪
Policy manager
▪
Strategic planning manager
1219 Business Services and Administration
Managers Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers business services and
administration managers not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 121: Business Services
and Administration Managers. For instance, the group includes occupations such
as facilities manager, cleaning services manager and administrative services
manager employed either as the manager of a department of a large enterprise
and organization, or of an enterprise that provides such services to other
enterprises and organizations.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
providing administrative, strategic planning and operational support,
research and advice to senior management on matters such as the management of
building facilities and administrative services;
(b)
developing and managing the organization’s administrative and physical
resources;
(c)
developing and implementing administrative and procedural statements and
guidelines for use by staff in the organization;
(d) analysing
complex resource management issues and initiatives that affect the
organization, and preparing associated
reports, correspondence and submissions;
(e)
providing information and support for the preparation of financial
reports and budgets;
(f)
leading, managing and developing administrative staff to ensure smooth
business operations and the provision of accurate and timely information;
(g)
representing the enterprise or organization in negotiations, and at
conventions, seminars, public hearings and forums;
(h)
establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring
the efficient use of resources;
(i)
planning and directing daily operations;
(j)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Administrative services manager
▪
Cleaning services manager
▪
Corporate services manager
▪
Facilities manager
Minor
Group 122
Sales,
Marketing and Development Managers
Sales, marketing and development managers plan,
organize, direct, control and coordinate the advertising, public relations,
research and development, and sales and marketing activities of enterprises and
organizations, or of enterprises that provide such services to other
enterprises and organizations.
Tasks performed usually include: formulating
and implementing policies and plans for advertising, public relations, product
development, sales and marketing in consultation with other managers; directing
the development of initiatives for new products or scientific research,
marketing, public relations and advertising campaigns; determining and
directing sales activities, product mix, customer service standards and
merchandising methods and distribution policy; setting prices and credit
arrangements; establishing and managing budgets and controlling expenditure to
ensure the efficient use of resources; overseeing the selection, training and
performance of staff; representing the enterprise or organization at
conventions, trade exhibitions and other forums.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
1221 Sales and Marketing
Managers
1222 Advertising and Public
Relations Managers
1223 Research and Development
Managers
1221 Sales and Marketing Managers
Sales and marketing managers plan, direct and
coordinate the sales and marketing activities of an enterprise or organization,
or of enterprises that provide sales and marketing services to other
enterprises and organizations.
Tasks
include –
(a)
planning and organizing special sales and marketing programmes based on
sales records and market assessments;
(b)
determining price lists, discount and delivery terms, sales promotion
budgets, sales methods, special incentives and campaigns;
(c)
establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures
related to sales and marketing activities;
(d)
leading and managing the activities of sales and marketing staff;
(e)
planning and directing daily operations;
(f)
establishing and managing budgets and controlling expenditure to ensure
the efficient use of resources;
(g)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff;
(h)
representing the enterprise or organization at sales and marketing
conventions, trade exhibitions and other forums.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Marketing manager
▪
Sales manager
1222 Advertising and Public Relations
Managers
Advertising and public relations managers plan,
direct and coordinate the advertising, public relations and public information activities
of enterprises and organizations or of enterprises that provide related
services to other enterprises and organizations.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning, directing and coordinating the advertising and public
relations activities of an enterprise or organization;
(b)
negotiating advertising contracts with clients or with newspapers, radio
and television stations, sports and cultural organizations and advertising
agencies;
(c)
planning and managing information programmes to inform legislators, the
mass media and the general public about the plans, accomplishments and points
of view of the enterprise or organization;
(d)
leading and managing the activities of advertising and public relations
staff;
(e)
establishing and managing budgets and controlling expenditure and
ensuring the efficient use of resources;
(f)
establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;
(g)
planning and directing daily operations;
(h)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Advertising manager
▪
Public relations manager
1223 Research and Development Managers
Research and development managers plan, direct
and coordinate the research and development activities of an enterprise or
organization or of enterprises that provide related services to other
enterprises and organizations.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning, directing and coordinating research and development
activities, in-house or commissioned from external research organizations, to
develop new or improved technical processes, products, knowledge, or
utilization of materials;
(b)
planning the overall research and development programme of an enterprise
or organization, specifying goals and budgetary requirements;
(c)
leading and managing the activities of research and development staff;
(d)
establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring
the efficient use of resources;
(e)
establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;
(f)
planning and directing daily operations;
(g)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff;
(h)
representing the enterprise or organization at conventions, seminars and
conferences.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Product development manager
▪
Research manager
Sub-major Group 13
Production and Specialized
Services Managers
Production and specialized services managers
plan, direct and coordinate the production of the goods and the provision of
the specialized professional and technical services provided by an enterprise
or organization, either as the manager of a department or as the general
manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of
managers. They are responsible for
manufacturing, mining, construction, logistics, information and communications
technology operations for large-scale agricultural, forestry and fisheries
operations, and for the provision of health, education, social welfare,
banking, insurance and other professional and technical services. Competent
performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the
fourth ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: planning details of activities in terms of output,
services provided, quality, quantity, cost, timeliness and labour requirements;
setting standards and objectives; controlling the operation of plant and of
procedures; assuring quality of the goods produced and services provided;
preparing tenders and contract bids; establishing and managing budgets,
monitoring costs, and adjusting activities, procedures and resources to
minimize costs; overseeing the acquisition and installation of new plant and
equipment; coordinating the implementation of health and safety requirements;
planning and directing daily operations; overseeing the selection, training and
performance of staff; preparing, or arranging for the preparation of, reports,
budgets and forecasts; representing the enterprise or organization in
negotiations with other agencies, and at conventions, seminars, public hearings
and forums.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
131 Production
Managers in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
132 Manufacturing,
Mining, Construction and Distribution Managers
133 Information and
Communications Technology Services Managers
134 Professional
Services Managers
Note
Specialized qualifications and extensive experience
relevant to one or more occupations classified in Major Group 2: Professionals,
or Major Group 3: Technicians and Associate Professionals, are usually
required. Regional managers and other
senior managers who coordinate and supervise the activities of subordinate
managers who have a diverse range of functional responsibilities are included
in Unit Group 1120: Managing Directors
and Chief Executives.
Minor
Group 131
Production
Managers in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Production managers in agriculture, forestry
and fisheries plan, direct and coordinate production in large-scale
agricultural, horticultural, forestry aquaculture and fishery operations such
as plantations, large ranches, collective farms and cooperatives, to grow and
harvest crops, breed and raise livestock, fish and shellfish and to catch and
harvest fish and other forms of aquatic life.
Tasks performed usually include: monitoring
market activity and planning production to meet contract requirements and
market demand; establishing and managing budgets, monitoring production output
and costs, recording information such as farm and fisheries management practices,
and preparing financial and operational reports; conferring with buyers to
arrange for the sale of crops, catch and stock;
contracting with farmers, skippers or independent owners for production
of produce and management of production;
planning the type, intensity and sequence of operations; purchasing machinery,
equipment and supplies; identifying and controlling environmental toxins,
weeds, pests and diseases; organizing operations such as maintaining buildings,
water supply systems and equipment; overseeing the selection, training and
performance of workers and contractors.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
1311 Agricultural and
Forestry Production Managers
1312 Aquaculture and
Fisheries Production Managers
1311 Agricultural and Forestry
Production Managers
Agricultural and forestry production managers
plan, direct and coordinate production in large-scale agricultural,
horticultural and forestry operations such as plantations, large ranches,
collective farms and agricultural cooperatives to grow and harvest crops, and
breed and raise livestock.
Tasks include –
(a) monitoring agricultural and forestry market
activity and planning production to meet contract requirements and market
demand;
(b) establishing and managing budgets,
monitoring production output and costs, recording information such as farm
management practices, and preparing financial and operational reports;
(c) conferring with buyers to arrange for the
sale of crops and livestock;
(d) contracting with farmers or independent
owners for production of crops and livestock, or for management of production;
(e) planning the type, intensity and sequence
of farm operations (e.g. determining the best times for planting, spraying and harvesting);
(f) analysing soil to determine types and
quantities of fertilizer required for maximum production;
(g) purchasing machinery, equipment and
supplies such as tractors, seed, fertilizer and chemicals;
(h) identifying and controlling agricultural
and forest environmental toxins, weeds, pests and diseases;
(i) organizing farming operations such as
maintaining buildings, water supply systems and equipment;
(j) directing and coordinating activities such
as planting, irrigation, chemical application, harvesting and grading;
(k) inspecting plantations and fields to
determine maturity dates of crops, or to estimate potential crop damage from
weather;
(l)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of agricultural and forestry
workers and contractors.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Forestry manager
▪
Plantation manager
▪
Ranch manager
1312 Aquaculture and Fisheries
Production Managers
Aquaculture and fisheries production managers
plan, direct and coordinate production in large-scale aquaculture and fishery
operations to catch and harvest fish and shellfish, and to grow fish, shellfish
or other forms of aquatic life as cash crops or for release into freshwater or
saltwater.
Tasks include –
(a) monitoring
aquaculture and fishery market activity and planning production and fishing
activities to meet contract requirements and market demand;
(b)
establishing and managing budgets, monitoring production output and
costs, recording information such as fisheries management practices, and
preparing financial and operational reports;
(c)
conferring with buyers to arrange for the sale of produce and catches;
(d)
contracting with fishing skippers or owners of vessels and aquaculture
farms for fishing and aquaculture operations, or for management of production;
(e)
conducting and organizing aquaculture or fishery stock examinations in
order to identify diseases or parasites;
(f)
devising and coordinating activities to improve fish hatching and growth
rates, and to prevent disease in hatcheries;
(g)
monitoring environments to maintain or improve conditions for aquatic
life;
(h)
directing and monitoring trapping and spawning of fish, egg incubation
and fry rearing, applying knowledge of management and fish culturing
techniques;
(i)
coordinating the selection and maintenance of brood stock;
(j)
directing and monitoring the transfer of mature fish to lakes, ponds,
streams or commercial tanks;
(k)
purchasing machinery, equipment and supplies such as vessels and nets;
(l)
organizing operations such as maintenance of ships, boats and equipment;
(m) overseeing the selection, training and
performance of aquaculture or fishery workers and contractors.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Aquaculture production manager
▪
Fishing operations manager
▪
Shore captain (fishing)
▪
Trawler manager
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Fish farmer – 6221
▪
Fish hatchery manager – 6221
▪
Oyster farmer – 6221
▪
Seafood farmer – 6221
▪
Fishing vessel skipper (coastal waters) – 6222
▪
Fishing master (deep sea) – 6223
Minor
Group 132
Manufacturing,
Mining, Construction and Distribution Managers
Manufacturing, mining, construction and
distribution managers plan, organize and coordinate the manufacturing, mineral
extraction, construction, supply, storage and transportation operations, either
as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or
organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers.
Tasks performed usually include: planning
details of activities in terms of output quality and quantity, cost, timeliness
and labour requirements; controlling the operation of plant and quality
procedures through planning of maintenance, designation of operating hours and
supply of equipment; preparing tenders and contract bids; establishing and
managing budgets, monitoring production output and costs, and adjusting
processes and resources to minimize costs; overseeing the acquisition and
installation of new plant and equipment; controlling the preparation of
production records and reports; coordinating the implementation of health and
safety requirements; planning and directing daily operations; overseeing the
selection, training and performance of staff.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
1321 Manufacturing
Managers
1322 Mining Managers
1323 Construction
Managers
1324 Supply,
Distribution and Related Managers
1321 Manufacturing Managers
Manufacturing managers plan, direct and
coordinate activities concerned with the production of goods, the production
and distribution of electricity, gas and water, and the collection, treatment
and disposal of waste. They may manage
the production departments of large enterprises or be the managers of small
manufacturing companies.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining, implementing and monitoring production strategies, policies
and plans;
(b)
planning details of production activities in terms of output quality and
quantity, cost, time available and labour requirements;
(c)
controlling the operation of production plant and quality procedures
through planning of maintenance, designation of operating hours and supply of
parts and tools;
(d)
establishing and managing budgets, monitoring production output and
costs, and adjusting processes and resources to minimize costs;
(e)
consulting with and informing other managers about production matters;
(f)
overseeing the acquisition and installation of new plant and equipment;
(g)
controlling the preparation of production records and reports;
(h)
coordinating the implementation of occupational health and safety
requirements;
(i)
identifying business opportunities and determining products to be
manufactured;
(j)
researching and implementing regulatory and statutory requirements
affecting manufacturing operations and the environment;
(k)
overseeing the provision of quotations for the manufacture of
specialized goods and establishing contracts with customers and suppliers;
(l) overseeing
the selection, training and performance of staff.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Manufacturer
▪
Manufacturing manager
▪
Production and operations manager (manufacturing)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Production supervisor (manufacturing) – 3122
1322 Mining Managers
Mining managers plan, direct and coordinate the
production activities of mining, quarrying and oil and gas extraction
operations, either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of
an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers.
Tasks include –
(a)
conferring with other managers to set production quotas, plan extraction
sites and develop policies for the removal of raw materials;
(b)
evaluating efficiency of production sites to determine adequacy of
personnel, equipment and technologies used, and make changes to work schedules
or equipment when necessary;
(c)
planning details of production activities in terms of output quality and
quantity, cost, time available and labour requirements;
(d)
controlling the operation of plant and quality procedures through
planning of maintenance, designation of operating hours and supply of
equipment;
(e)
establishing and managing budgets, monitoring production output and
costs, and adjusting processes and resources to minimize costs;
(f)
overseeing the acquisition and installation of new plant and equipment;
(g)
controlling the preparation of production records and reports;
(h)
coordinating the implementation of health and safety requirements;
(i)
researching and implementing regulatory and statutory requirements
affecting mineral extraction operations and the environment;
(j)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Mine manager
▪
Production manager (mine)
▪
Production manager (oil and gas extraction)
▪
Production manager (quarry)
▪
Quarry manager
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Mine deputy – 3121
▪
Mine supervisor – 3121
▪
Mine under-manager – 3121
▪
Quarry supervisor – 3121
1323 Construction Managers
Construction managers plan, direct and
coordinate the construction of civil engineering projects, buildings and
dwellings, either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of
an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers.
Tasks include –
(a)
interpreting architectural drawings and specifications;
(b)
coordinating labour resources and procurement and delivery of materials,
plant and equipment;
(c)
negotiating with building owners, property developers and subcontractors
involved in the construction process to ensure projects are completed on time and
within budget;
(d)
preparing tenders and contract bids;
(e)
operating and implementing coordinated work programmes for sites;
(f)
ensuring adherence to building legislation and standards of performance,
quality, cost and safety;
(g)
arranging submission of plans to local authorities;
(h)
building under contract, or subcontracting specialized building
services;
(i)
arranging building inspections by relevant authorities;
(j)
establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring
the efficient use of resources;
(k)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff and
subcontractors.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Civil engineering project manager
▪
Construction project manager
▪
Project builder
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Building construction supervisor – 3123
▪
House builder – 7111
1324 Supply, Distribution and Related
Managers
Supply, distribution and related managers plan,
direct and coordinate passenger transportation systems and facilities and the
supply, transportation, storage and distribution of goods, either as the
manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or
organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining, implementing and monitoring purchasing, storage and
distribution strategies, policies and plans;
(b)
preparing and implementing plans to maintain required stock levels at
minimum cost;
(c)
negotiating contracts with suppliers to meet quality, cost and delivery
requirements;
(d)
monitoring and reviewing storage and inventory systems to meet supply
requirements, and control stock levels;
(e) overseeing the dispatch of road vehicles,
trains, vessels or aircraft;
(f)
operating recording systems to track all movements of goods, and
ensuring reordering and restocking at optimal times;
(g)
liaising with other departments and customers concerning requirements
for outward goods and associated forwarding transportation;
(h)
overseeing the recording of purchase, storage and distribution
transactions;
(i)
establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring
the efficient use of resources;
(j)
establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;
(k) planning
and directing daily operations;
(l)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Bus station manager
▪
Logistics manager
▪
Purchasing manager
▪
Railway station manager
▪
Railway station master
▪
Supply and distribution manager
▪
Supply chain manager
▪
Transport company manager
▪
Urban transit system manager
▪
Warehouse manager
Note
Chief executives of major airports, railway companies, urban transit
systems and other transportation corporations that have hierarchies of managers
are included in Unit Group 1120: Managing Directors and Chief Executives.
Minor
Group 133
Information
and Communications Technology Services Managers
Information and communications technology
services managers plan, direct and coordinate the acquisition, development,
maintenance and use of computer and telecommunication systems, either as the manager
of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that
does not have a hierarchy of managers.
Tasks performed usually include: consulting
with users, management, vendors and technicians to assess computing needs and
system requirements, and specifying technology to meet those needs; formulating
and directing information and communication technology (ICT) strategies,
policies and plans; directing the selection and installation of ICT resources
and the provision of user training; directing ICT operations, analysing
workflow, establishing priorities, developing standards and setting deadlines;
overseeing the security of ICT systems; assigning, reviewing, managing and
leading the work of systems analysts, programmers and other computer-related
workers; evaluating the organization’s technology use and needs and
recommending improvements such as hardware and software upgrades; establishing
and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of
resources; establishing and directing operational and administrative
procedures; overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff;
representing the enterprise or organization at ICT-related conventions,
seminars and conferences.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
1330 Information and
Communications Technology Services Managers
1330 Information and Communications
Technology Services Managers
Information and communications technology
services managers plan, direct and coordinate the acquisition, development,
maintenance and use of computer and telecommunication systems, either as the
manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or
organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers.
Tasks include –
(a)
consulting with users, management, vendors and technicians to assess
computing needs and system requirements, and specifying technology to meet
those needs;
(b)
formulating and directing information and communication technology (ICT)
strategies, policies and plans;
(c)
directing the selection and installation of ICT resources and the
provision of user training;
(d)
directing ICT operations, analysing workflow, establishing priorities,
developing standards and setting deadlines;
(e)
overseeing the security of ICT systems;
(f)
assigning, reviewing, managing and leading the work of systems analysts,
programmers and other computer-related workers;
(g)
evaluating the organization’s technology use and needs and recommending
improvements such as hardware and software upgrades;
(h)
establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring
the efficient use of resources;
(i)
establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;
(j) overseeing the selection, training and
performance of staff;
(k)
representing the enterprise or organization at ICT-related conventions,
seminars and conferences.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Application development manager
▪
Chief information officer
▪
Data operations manager
▪
Data processing manager
▪
ICT development manager
▪
Information systems director
▪
Information technology manager (IT manager)
▪
Internet service provider
▪
Network manager
Minor
Group 134
Professional
Services Managers
Professional services managers plan, direct and
coordinate the provision of child care, health, welfare, education and other
professional services, and manage the branches of institutions providing
financial and insurance services.
Tasks performed usually include: formulating
policies and plans for the provision of services and operation of
establishments; setting standards and objectives; developing and implementing
programmes and services to meet the needs of clients; directing and
coordinating the allocation of resources; liaising with parents, boards,
funding bodies, the community representatives and related agencies to discuss
areas of cooperation and coordination; monitoring and controlling expenditure;
overseeing the selection, development and performance of staff; preparing, or
arranging for the preparation of, reports, budgets and forecasts; representing
the organization in negotiations with other agencies, and at conventions,
seminars, public hearings and forums.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
1341 Child Care Services
Managers
1342 Health Services Managers
1343 Aged Care Services
Managers
1344 Social Welfare Managers
1345 Education Managers
1346 Financial and Insurance
Services Branch Managers
1349 Professional Services
Managers Not Elsewhere Classified
Note
Professional services managers are responsible for
planning, directing and coordinating the provision of specialized professional
and technical services. Specialized qualifications and extensive experience
relevant to one or more occupations classified in Major Group 2: Professionals,
or Major Group 3: Technicians and Associate Professionals, are usually
required.
1341 Child Care Services Managers
Child care services managers plan, direct, coordinate
and evaluate the provision of care for children in before-school, after-school,
vacation and day care centres and services.
Tasks include –
(a)
developing and implementing programmes to enhance the physical, social,
emotional and intellectual development of young children;
(b)
establishing and monitoring budgets and determining allocation of funds
for staff, supplies, materials, equipment and maintenance;
(c)
overseeing and coordinating the provision of care for children in
before-school, after-school, day and vacation care centres;
(d)
directing and supervising child carers in providing care and supervision
for young children;
(e)
managing physical facilities and making sure all buildings and equipment
are maintained to ensure the centre is a safe area for children, staff and
visitors;
(f)
reviewing and interpreting government codes, and developing procedures
to meet codes (e.g. concerning safety and security);
(g)
monitoring children’s progress and conferring with parents or guardians;
(h)
preparing and maintaining records and accounts for a child care centre;
(i)
recruiting and evaluating staff and coordinating their professional
development.
Example of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Child care centre manager
1342 Health Services Managers
Health services managers plan, direct,
coordinate and evaluate the provision of clinical and community health care
services in hospitals, clinics, public health agencies and similar
organizations.
Tasks include –
(a)
providing overall direction and management for the service, facility,
organization or centre;
(b)
directing, supervising and evaluating the work activities of medical,
nursing, technical, clerical, service, maintenance and other personnel;
(c)
establishing objectives and evaluative or operational criteria for units
they manage;
(d)
directing or conducting recruitment, hiring and training of personnel;
(e)
developing, implementing and monitoring procedures, policies and
performance standards for medical, nursing, technical and administrative staff;
(f) monitoring the use of diagnostic services,
inpatient beds, facilities and staff to ensure effective use of resources, and
assess the need for additional staff, equipment and services;
(g)
controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report
preparation,sand expenditure on supplies, equipment and services;
(h)
liaising with other health and welfare service providers, boards and
funding bodies to coordinate the provision of services;
(i)
advising government bodies about measures to improve health and welfare
services and facilities;
(j)
representing the organization in negotiations, and at conventions,
seminars, public hearings and forums.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Chief public health officer
▪
Clinical director
▪
Community health care coordinator
▪
Director of nursing
▪
Health facility administrator
▪
Hospital matron
▪
Medical administrator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Aged care services manager – 1343
1343 Aged Care Services Managers
Aged care services managers plan, direct,
coordinate and evaluate the provision of residential and personal care services
for individuals and families who are in need of such services due to the
effects of ageing.
Tasks include –
(a)
providing overall direction and management for a service, facility,
organization or centre;
(b)
directing, supervising and evaluating the work activities of medical,
nursing, technical, clerical, service, maintenance and other personnel;
(c)
establishing objectives and evaluative or operational criteria for units
they manage;
(d)
directing or conducting recruitment, hiring and training of personnel;
(e)
developing, implementing and monitoring procedures, policies and
performance standards for nursing, personal care, technical and administrative
staff;
(f)
coordinating and administering welfare programmes and care services for
the elderly;
(g)
controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report
preparation, and expenditure on supplies, equipment and services;
(h)
liaising with other health and welfare providers, boards and funding
bodies to coordinate the provision of services;
(i)
advising government bodies about measures to improve health and welfare
services and facilities;
(j)
representing the organization in negotiations, and at conventions,
seminars, public hearings and forums.
Examples of occupations classified
here:
▪
Aged care home director
▪
Community aged care coordinator
▪
Nursing home director
▪
Retirement village coordinator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Health services manager – 1342
1344 Social Welfare Managers
Social welfare managers plan, direct and
coordinate the provision of social and community service programmes such as
income support, family assistance, children’s services and other community
programmes and services.
Tasks include –
(a)
providing overall direction and management for a service, facility,
organization or centre;
(b)
developing, implementing and monitoring procedures, policies and
standards for staff;
(c)
monitoring and evaluating resources devoted to the provision of welfare,
housing and other social services;
(d)
controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report
preparation, and expenditure on supplies, equipment and services;
(e)
liaising with other welfare and health services providers, boards and
funding bodies to discuss areas of health and welfare service cooperation and
coordination;
(f)
advising government bodies about measures to improve welfare services
and facilities;
(g)
representing the organization in negotiations, and at conventions,
seminars, public hearings and forums;
(h)
establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring
the efficient use of resources;
(i)
establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;
(j)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Community centre manager
▪
Family services manager
▪
Housing services manager
▪
Welfare centre manager
1345 Education Managers
Education managers plan, direct, coordinate and
evaluate the educational and administrative aspects of education services,
primary and secondary schools, colleges and faculties and departments in
universities and other educational institutions.
Tasks include –
(a) determining educational programmes based on
frameworks established by education authorities and governing bodies;
(b)
implementing systems and procedures to monitor school performance and
student enrolments;
(c)
directing administrative and clerical activities concerning student
admissions and educational services;
(d)
controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report
preparation, and expenditure on supplies, equipment and services;
(e)
providing leadership and guidance to teaching, academic and
administrative staff as well as to students;
(f)
evaluating the work of teachers and lecturers by visiting classrooms,
observing teaching methods, reviewing instructional objectives and examining
learning materials;
(g)
promoting the educational programme, and representing the service or
institution in the wider community;
(h)
supervising the maintenance of educational facilities;
(i) developing
and enforcing a disciplinary code to create a safe and conducive environment
for students and teachers;
(j)
organizing and implementing methods of raising additional funds in
conjunction with parent and community groups and sponsors;
(k)
controlling selection, training and supervision of staff.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
College director
▪
Dean (university)
▪
Head teacher
▪
School principal
1346 Financial and Insurance Services
Branch Managers
Financial and insurance services branch
managers plan, direct and coordinate the branches of institutions that provide
financial and insurance services, such as banks, building societies, credit
unions and insurance companies. They provide advice and assistance to clients
on financial and insurance matters.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning, directing and coordinating the activities of staff in the
branch;
(b)
establishing and maintaining relationships with individual and business
customers;
(c)
providing advice and assistance to customers on their financial and
insurance needs and on matters such as changes in law that may affect
customers;
(d)
examining, evaluating and processing loan and insurance applications;
(e)
monitoring credit extension decisions;
(f) conducting
financial investigations;
(g)
overseeing the flow of cash and financial instruments, and the
preparation of financial and regulatory reports;
(h)
approving or rejecting, or coordinating the approval or rejection of,
lines of credit for commercial, real estate and personal loans;
(i)
coordinating cooperation with other branches of the company;
(j)
managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use
of resources;
(k)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Bank manager
▪
Building society manager
▪
Credit union manager
▪
Financial institution branch manager
▪
Insurance agency manager
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Finance manager – 1211
▪
Credit and loans officers – 3312
▪
Insurance agent – 3321
1349 Professional Services Managers
Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers managers who plan,
direct, coordinate and evaluate the provision of specialized professional and
technical services and are not classified in Minor Group 121: Business Services
and Administration Managers, or elsewhere in Minor Group 134: Professional Services
Managers. For instance, managers responsible for the provision of policing,
correctional, library, legal and fire services are classified here.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
providing overall direction and management for a service, facility,
organization or centre;
(b)
developing, implementing and monitoring procedures, policies and
standards for staff;
(c)
directing, supervising and evaluating the work activities of professional,
technical, clerical, service, maintenance and other personnel;
(d)
monitoring and evaluating resources devoted to the provision of
services;
(e)
controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report
preparation, and expenditure on supplies, equipment and services;
(f)
planning, directing and coordinating the provision of services;
(g)
coordinating cooperation with other service provision agencies in the
same or related fields;
(h)
managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use
of resources;
(i)
overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Archives
manager
▪ Art
gallery manager
▪ Correctional
services manager
▪ Legal
service manager
▪ Library
manager
▪ Museum
manager
▪ Police
superintendent
▪ Prison
governor
Note
Professional services managers are responsible for
planning, directing and coordinating the provision of specialized professional
and technical services. Specialized qualifications and extensive experience
relevant to one or more occupations classified in Major Group 2: Professionals,
or Major Group 3: Technicians and Associate Professionals, are usually
required.
Sub-major Group 14
Hospitality, Retail
and Other Services Managers
Hospitality, retail and other services managers
plan, organize and direct the operations of establishments which provide
accommodation, hospitality, retail and other services. Competent performance in
most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO
skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: planning and
organizing special functions, sporting, gaming and entertainment activities and
the range and mix of products, stock levels and service standards; promoting
and selling goods and services;
observing liquor, gaming, health and other laws and regulations; developing and reviewing policies, programmes
and procedures concerning customer relations and goods and services provided;
promoting facilities for conferences, conventions and trade shows to potential
customers; organizing the purchase and maintenance of transport vehicles,
equipment and fuel, and transporting goods;
controlling the selection, training and supervision of staff; ensuring compliance with occupational health
and safety regulations.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
141 Hotel and Restaurant
Managers
142 Retail and Wholesale
Trade Managers
143 Other Services Managers
Notes
Sub-major Group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services
Managers is for managers of establishments that provide services directly to
the public, usually in organizations that are too small to have hierarchies of
managers. Managers responsible for planning, directing and coordinating the
provision of specialized professional and technical services that usually
require specialized qualifications are classified in various unit groups in
Sub-major Groups 12: Administrative and Commercial Managers and 13: Production
and Specialized Services Managers.
Operators of small shops, guest houses, cafés,
restaurants and bars for whom the management and supervision of staff is not a
significant component of the work are classified in the relevant unit
group in Sub-major Groups 51: Personal Services Workers or 52: Sales Workers,
depending on the main tasks performed.
Minor
Group 141
Hotel
and Restaurant Managers
Hotel and restaurant managers plan, organize
and direct the operations of establishments that provide accommodation, meals,
beverages and other hospitality services.
Tasks performed usually include: planning and
organizing special functions and sporting, gaming and entertainment activities;
directing and overseeing reservation, reception, room service and housekeeping
activities; observing liquor, gaming, health and other laws and regulations;
monitoring quality at all stages of preparation and presentation of food and
services; controlling the selection, training and supervision of staff;
ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
1411 Hotel Managers
1412 Restaurant Managers
1411 Hotel Managers
Hotel managers plan, organize and direct the
operations of hotels, motels and similar establishments to provide guest
accommodation and other services.
Tasks include –
(a)
directing and overseeing reservation, reception, room service and
housekeeping activities;
(b)
supervising security arrangements and garden and property maintenance;
(c)
planning and supervising bar, restaurant, function and conference
activities;
(d)
observing liquor, gaming and other laws and regulations;
(e)
assessing and reviewing customer satisfaction;
(f)
overseeing accounting and purchasing activities;
(g) undertaking
budgeting for the establishment;
(h)
controlling selection, training and supervision of staff;
(i)
ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations;
(j)
providing guests with local tourism information, and arranging tours and
transportation.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Hotel manager
▪
Motel manager
▪
Youth hostel manager
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Bed and breakfast operator – 5152
Notes
Operators of small establishments, such as some bed
and breakfast establishments and small guest houses that provide accommodation
and limited meal services to clients effectively as paying guests in private
households, and for whom the management and supervision of staff is not a
significant component of the work, are classified in Unit Group 5152: Domestic Housekeepers.
Chief executive officers and specialized managers of
hotel management companies or hotel chains are classified in the relevant unit
group in Sub-major Groups 11 and 12.
1412 Restaurant Managers
Restaurant managers plan, organize and direct
the operations of cafés, restaurants and related establishments to provide
dining and catering services.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning menus in consultation with chefs and cooks;
(b)
planning and organizing special functions;
(c)
arranging the purchasing and pricing of goods according to budget;
(d)
maintaining records of stock levels and financial transactions;
(e)
ensuring that dining, kitchen and food storage facilities comply with
health regulations and are clean, functional and of suitable appearance;
(f)
conferring with customers to assess their satisfaction with meals and
service;
(g)
selecting staff, setting staff work schedules, and training and
supervising waiting and kitchen staff;
(h)
taking reservations, greeting guests and assisting in taking orders;
(i)
negotiating arrangements with clients and suppliers;
(j)
ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Café manager
▪
Catering manager
▪
Restaurant manager
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Chef – 3434
Note
Operators of small cafés, restaurants and bars for
whom the management and supervision of staff is not a significant component of
the work are classified in Unit Groups 5120: Cooks, 5131: Waiters or 5132:
Bartenders, depending on the main tasks performed.
Minor
Group 142
Retail
and Wholesale Trade Managers
Retail and wholesale trade managers plan,
organize, coordinate and control the operations of establishments that sell
goods on a retail or wholesale basis. They are responsible for the budgets,
staffing and strategic and operational direction of shops, or of organizational
units within shops that sell particular types of product.
Tasks performed usually include: determining
product mix, stock levels and service standards; formulating and implementing
purchasing and marketing policies, and setting prices; promoting and
advertising the establishment's goods and services; maintaining records of
stock levels and financial transactions; undertaking budgeting for the
establishment; controlling selection, training and supervision of staff;
ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
1420 Retail and Wholesale
Trade Managers
Notes
Retail and wholesale trade managers are frequently
employed in relatively small establishments that do not have a hierarchy of
managers. The managers of large retail establishments such as supermarkets and
department stores, however, should also be classified in this group, although
such establishments may have a hierarchy of managers and supervisors. General
managers of groups of establishments such as supermarket or department store
chains are classified, however, in Unit Group 1120: Managing Directors and Chief
Executives.
Operators of small shops for whom the management and
supervision of staff is not a significant component of the work are classified
in Unit Group 5221: Shopkeepers.
Staff who control and direct the activities of shop
sales assistants, checkout operators and other workers, but who do not take
responsibility for determining product mix, overall setting of prices, budgets
and staffing levels, selection and recruitment are classified in Unit Group
5222: Shop Supervisors.
1420 Retail and Wholesale Trade
Managers
Retail and wholesale trade managers, plan,
organize, coordinate and control the operations of establishments that sell
goods on a retail or wholesale basis. They are responsible for the budgets,
staffing and strategic and operational direction of shops, or of organizational
units within shops that sell particular types of product.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining product mix, stock levels and service standards;
(b)
formulating and implementing purchasing and marketing policies, and
setting prices;
(c)
promoting and advertising the establishment’s goods and services;
(d)
maintaining records of stock levels and financial transactions;
(e)
undertaking budgeting for the establishment;
(f)
controlling selection, training and supervision of staff;
(g)
ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Grocery manager
▪
Retail manager
▪
Shop manager
▪
Supermarket manager
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Sales manager – 1221
▪
Shopkeeper – 5221
▪
Shop supervisor – 5222
▪
Shop sales assistant – 5223
Notes
Retail and wholesale trade managers are frequently
employed in relatively small establishments that do not have a hierarchy of
managers. The managers of large retail establishments such as supermarkets and
department stores, however, should generally also be classified in this group,
although such establishments may have a hierarchy of managers and supervisors.
General managers of groups of establishments such as supermarket or department
store chains are classified, however, in Unit Group 1120: Managing Directors
and Chief Executives.
Operators of small shops for whom the management and
supervision of staff is not a significant component of the work are classified
in Unit Group 5221: Shopkeepers.
Staff who control and direct the activities of shop
sales assistants, checkout operators and other workers, but who do not take
responsibility for determining product mix, overall setting of prices, budgets
and staffing levels, selection and recruitment, are classified in Unit Group
5222: Shop Supervisors.
Minor
Group 143
Other
Services Managers
Other services managers plan, organize and
control the operations of establishments that provide sporting, cultural,
recreational, travel, customer contact and other amenity services.
Tasks performed usually include: planning and
organizing the range and mix of services or activities provided; ensuring that
facilities are kept clean and in good condition; keeping abreast of new trends
and developments relevant to the service provided; advising on the facilities
available and promoting publicity; checking and keeping custody of all cash
receipts and making regular stock checks; establishing and managing budgets;
controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources; planning
and directing daily operations; controlling the selection, supervision and
performance of staff; ensuring compliance with health and safety requirements.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
1431 Sports, Recreation
and Cultural Centre Managers
1439 Services Managers
Not Elsewhere Classified
1431 Sports, Recreation and Cultural
Centre Managers
Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers
plan, organize and control the operations of establishments that provide
sporting, artistic, theatrical and other recreational and amenity services.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning and organizing the range and mix of entertainment, attractions,
cultural activities and sports and fitness programmes to be offered by the
centre;
(b)
ensuring that facilities are kept clean and in good condition;
(c)
keeping abreast of new trends and developments in the creative arts and
arranging theatrical productions and performances by bands and orchestras;
(d)
advising on the facilities available and promoting publicity in relation
to events, shows and activities;
(e)
checking and keeping custody of all cash receipts and making regular
stock checks;
(f)
establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring
the efficient use of resources;
(g) planning
and directing daily operations;
(h)
controlling the selection, supervision and performance of staff;
(i)
ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Amusement park manager
▪
Billiards or pool hall manager
▪ Casino manager
▪ Cinema manager
▪ Leisure centre manager
▪
Riding school manager
▪
Sports centre manager
▪
Theatre manager
▪
Theme park manager
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Art gallery manager – 1349
▪
Library manager – 1349
▪
Museum manager – 1349
1439 Services Managers Not Elsewhere
Classified
This unit group covers managers that plan,
direct and coordinate the provision of services and are not classified in
Sub-major Group 13: Production and Specialized Services Managers or elsewhere
in Sub-major Group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers. For
instance, managers of travel agencies, conference centres, contact centres and
shopping centres are classified here.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Camp site manager
▪
Caravan park manager
▪
Conference centre manager
▪
Contact centre manager
▪
Shopping centre manager
▪
Travel agency manager
Note
Excluded from this unit group are occupations that
involve managing the provision of specialized professional and technical
services and require specialized qualifications and experience relevant to one
or more occupations classified in Major Group 2: Professionals or in Major Group 3: Technicians
and Associate Professionals. These managerial occupations are classified in
various unit groups in Sub-major Groups 12: Administrative and Commercial Managers
and 13: Production and Specialized Services Managers.
Professionals increase the existing stock of
knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the
foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these
activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group
requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by professionals usually
include: conducting analysis and
research, and developing concepts, theories and operational methods;
advising on or applying existing knowledge related to physical sciences,
mathematics, engineering and technology, life sciences, medical and health
services, social sciences and humanities; teaching the theory and practice of
one or more disciplines at different educational levels; teaching and educating
persons with learning difficulties or special needs; providing various business, legal and social
services; creating and performing works of art; providing spiritual guidance;
preparing scientific papers and reports. Supervision of other workers may be
included.
Occupations in this major group are classified
into the following sub-major groups:
21 Science and Engineering
Professionals
22 Health Professionals
23 Teaching Professionals
24 Business and Administration
Professionals
25 Information and Communications
Technology Professionals
26 Legal, Social and Cultural
Professionals
Sub-major Group 21
Science and Engineering
Professionals
Science and engineering professionals conduct
research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or
apply scientific knowledge relating to fields such as physics, astronomy,
meteorology, chemistry, geophysics, geology, biology, ecology, pharmacology,
medicine, mathematics, statistics, architecture, engineering, design and
technology. Competent performance in
most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO
skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: conducting research, enlarging, advising on or applying
scientific knowledge obtained through the study of structures and properties of
physical matter and phenomena, chemical characteristics and processes of
various substances, materials and products, all forms of human, animal and
plant life and of mathematical and statistical concepts and methods; advising
on, designing and directing construction of buildings, towns and traffic
systems, or civil engineering and industrial
structures, as well as machines and other equipment; advising on and
applying mining methods and ensuring their optimum use; surveying land and sea
and making maps; studying and advising on technological aspects of particular
materials, products and processes, and on efficiency of production and work
organization; preparing scientific papers and reports. Supervision of other
workers may be included.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
211 Physical and Earth
Science Professionals
212 Mathematicians, Actuaries
and Statisticians
213 Life Science Professionals
214 Engineering Professionals
(excluding Electrotechnology)
215 Electrotechnology Engineers
216 Architects, Planners,
Surveyors and Designers
Minor
Group 211
Physical
and Earth Science Professionals
Physical and earth science professionals
conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods;
or apply scientific knowledge relating to physics, astronomy, meteorology,
chemistry, geology and geophysics.
Tasks performed usually include: enlarging
scientific knowledge through research and experiments related to mechanics,
thermodynamics, optics, sonics, electricity, magnetism, electronics, nuclear
physics, astronomy, various branches of chemistry, atmospheric conditions and
the physical nature of the Earth; advising on or applying this knowledge in
such fields as manufacturing, agriculture, medicine, navigation, space
exploration, oil, gas, water and mineral exploitation, telecommunications and
other services, or civil engineering; preparing scientific papers and reports.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2111 Physicists and Astronomers
2112 Meteorologists
2113 Chemists
2114 Geologists and Geophysicists
2111 Physicists and Astronomers
Physicists and astronomers conduct research and
improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods concerning matter,
space, time, energy, forces and fields and the interrelationship between these
physical phenomena. They apply scientific knowledge relating to physics and
astronomy in industrial, medical, military or other fields.
Tasks include –
(a) conducting
research and improving or developing concepts, theories, instrumentation,
software and operational methods related to physics and astronomy;
(b)
conducting experiments, tests and analyses on the structure and
properties of matter in fields such as mechanics, thermodynamics, electronics,
communications, power generation and distribution, aerodynamics, optics and
lasers, remote sensing, medicine, sonics, magnetism and nuclear physics;
(c)
evaluating results of investigations and experiments and expressing
conclusions, mainly using mathematical techniques and models;
(d)
applying principles, techniques and processes to develop or improve
industrial, medical, military and other practical applications of the
principles and techniques of physics or astronomy;
(e)
ensuring the safe and effective delivery of radiation (ionizing and
non-ionizing) to patients to achieve a diagnostic or therapeutic result as
prescribed by a medical practitioner;
(f)
ensuring the accurate measurement and characterization of physical
quantities used in medical applications;
(g)
testing, commissioning and evaluating equipment used in applications
such as imaging, medical treatment and dosimetry;
(h)
advising and consulting with medical practitioners and other health care
professionals in optimizing the balance between the beneficial and deleterious
effects of radiation;
(i)
observing, analysing and interpreting celestial phenomena and developing
methods, numerical models and techniques to extend knowledge of fields such as
navigation, satellite communication, space exploration, celestial bodies and
cosmic radiation;
(j) developing, implementing and maintaining
standards and protocols for the measurement of physical phenomena and for the
use of nuclear technology in industrial and medical applications;
(k) preparing scientific papers and reports.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Astronomer
▪
Medical physicist
▪
Nuclear physicist
▪
Physicist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Radiation oncologist – 2212
▪
Radiologist – 2212
▪
Specialist physician (nuclear medicine) – 2212
▪
Radiographer – 3211
Note
It should be noted that, while they are
appropriately classified in this unit group with other physicists, medical
physicists are considered to be an integral part of the health workforce
alongside those occupations classified in Sub-major Group 22: Health Professionals
and others classified in a number of other unit groups in Major Group 2:
Professionals.
2112 Meteorologists
Meteorologists prepare short-term or long-term
weather forecasts used in aviation, shipping, agriculture and other areas and
for the information of the general public. They conduct research related to the
composition, structure and dynamics of the atmosphere.
Tasks include –
(a)
investigating direction and speed of air movements, pressures,
temperatures, humidity, physical and chemical transformation of pollutants and
other phenomena such as cloud formation and precipitation, electrical
disturbances or solar radiation;
(b)
studying data collected from meteorological stations, radar and
satellite imagery and computer model output to plot and forecast weather
conditions;
(c)
preparing and reporting short-term or long-term weather maps, forecasts
and warnings relating to atmospheric phenomena such as cyclones, storms and
other hazards to life and property, and disseminating information about
atmospheric conditions through a variety of media including radio, television,
print and the Internet;
(d)
conducting experiments in fog dispersal, cloud seeding, rain enhancement
and other types of weather modification programmes;
(e)
developing and testing mathematical computer models of weather and
climate for experimental or operational use;
(f)
participating in studies of the effect of weather on the environment;
(g) analysing
the impact of industrial projects and human activity on the climate and quality
of the air, and working with the social science, engineering and economic
communities to develop appropriate mitigation strategies;
(h)
engaging in the design and development of new equipment and procedures
for meteorological data collection and remote sensing, or for related
applications;
(i)
conducting research on and improving or developing concepts, theories
and operational methods related to the composition, structure and dynamics of
the atmosphere, and preparing scientific papers and reports on the outcome of
this research.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Climatologist
▪
Hydrometeorologist
▪
Meteorologist
▪
Weather forecaster
2113 Chemists
Chemists conduct research, improve or develop
concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge
relating to chemistry, to develop new knowledge or products and for quality and
process control.
Tasks include –
(a) conducting
research and improving or developing concepts, instruments, theories and operational
methods related to chemistry;
(b)
conducting experiments, tests and analyses to investigate chemical
composition and energy and chemical changes in various natural or synthetic
substances, materials and products;
(c)
developing procedures for environmental control, quality control and
various other procedures for manufacturers or users;
(d)
conducting programmes of sample and data collection and analysis to
identify and quantify environmental toxicants;
(e)
participating in interdisciplinary research and development projects
working with chemical engineers, biologists, microbiologists, agronomists,
geologists or other professionals;
(f)
using micro-organisms to convert substances into new compounds;
(g)
determining ways to strengthen or combine materials or develop new
materials.
(h)
reproducing and synthesizing naturally occurring substances and creating
new artificial substances;
(i)
preparing scientific papers and reports.
Example of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Chemist
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪
Biochemist – 2131
▪
Pharmacologist – 2131
▪
Pharmacist – 2262
2114 Geologists and Geophysicists
Geologists and geophysicists conduct research;
improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply
scientific knowledge relating to geology and geophysics in such fields as oil,
gas and mineral exploration and extraction, water conservation, civil
engineering, telecommunications and navigation, and assessment and mitigation
of the effects of development and waste disposal projects on the environment.
Tasks include –
(a)
conducting research and improving or developing concepts, theories and
operational methods related to geology and geophysics;
(b)
studying composition and structure of the Earth’s crust, examining
rocks, minerals, fossils and other materials to determine processes affecting
the development of the Earth, trace evolution of past life, establish the
nature and chronology of geological formations and assess their commercial
applications;
(c)
interpreting research data and preparing geological reports, maps,
charts and diagrams, reports and papers;
(d)
applying geological knowledge to problems encountered in civil
engineering projects such as the construction of dams, bridges, tunnels, and
large buildings, and land reclamation projects;
(e)
using various remote sensing programmes to investigate and measure
seismic, gravitational, electrical, thermal and magnetic forces affecting the
Earth;
(f)
estimating weight, size and mass of the Earth and composition and
structure of its interior, and studying the nature, activity and predictability
of volcanoes, glaciers and earthquakes;
(g)
charting the Earth’s magnetic field and applying this and other
collected data for broadcasting, navigation and other purposes;
(h)
studying and measuring physical properties of seas and the atmosphere
and their interrelationship, such as the exchange of thermal energy;
(i)
locating and determining the nature and extent of oil, gas and mineral
deposits using seismological, gravimetric, magnetic, electrical or radiometric
methods;
(j)
identifying deposits of construction materials and determining their
characteristics and suitability for use as concrete aggregates, road fill or
for other applications;
(k)
researching the movement, distribution and physical properties of ground
and surface waters;
(l)
advising in areas such as waste management, route and site selection and
the restoration of contaminated sites.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Geological
oceanographer
▪ Geologist
▪ Geophysical
oceanographer
▪ Geophysicist
▪
Geoscientist
Minor
Group 212
Mathematicians,
Actuaries and Statisticians
Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians
conduct research; improve or develop mathematical, actuarial and statistical
concepts, theories and operational models and techniques; and apply this
knowledge to a wide range of tasks in such fields as engineering, business and
social and other sciences.
Tasks performed usually include: studying,
improving and developing mathematical, actuarial and statistical theories and
techniques; advising on or applying mathematical principles, models and
techniques to a wide range of tasks in the fields of engineering, natural,
social or life sciences; conducting logical analyses of management problems,
especially in terms of input-output effectiveness, and formulating mathematical
models of each problem usually for programming and solution by computer;
designing and putting into operation pension schemes and life, health, social
and other types of insurance systems; applying mathematics, statistics,
probability and risk theory to assess potential financial impacts of future
events; planning and organizing surveys and other statistical collections, and
designing questionnaires; evaluating, processing, analysing and interpreting
statistical data and preparing them for publication; advising on or applying
various data collection methods and statistical methods and techniques, and
determining reliability of findings, especially in such fields as business or
medicine as well as in other areas of natural, social or life sciences;
preparing scientific papers and reports; supervising the work of mathematical,
actuarial and statistical assistants and statistical clerks.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
2120 Mathematicians, Actuaries
and Statisticians
2120 Mathematicians, Actuaries
and Statisticians
Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians
conduct research and improve or develop mathematical, actuarial and statistical
concepts, theories and operational methods and techniques and advise on or
engage in their practical application in such fields as engineering, business
and social and other sciences.
Tasks include –
(a)
studying, improving and developing mathematical, actuarial and
statistical theories and techniques;
(b)
advising on or applying mathematical principles, models and techniques
to a wide range of tasks in the fields of engineering, natural, social or life
sciences;
(c)
conducting logical analyses of management problems, especially in terms
of input-output effectiveness, and formulating mathematical models of each
problem usually for programming and solution by computer;
(d)
designing and putting into operation pension schemes and life, health,
social and other types of insurance systems;
(e)
applying mathematics, statistics, probability and risk theory to assess
potential financial impacts of future events;
(f)
planning and organizing surveys and other statistical collections, and
designing questionnaires;
(g)
evaluating, processing, analysing and interpreting statistical data and
preparing them for publication;
(h)
advising on or applying various data collection methods and statistical
methods and techniques, and determining reliability of findings, especially in
such fields as business or medicine as well as in other areas of natural,
social or life sciences;
(i)
preparing scientific papers and reports;
(j)
supervising the work of mathematical, actuarial and statistical
assistants and statistical clerks.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Actuary
▪
Demographer
▪
Mathematician
▪
Operations research analyst
▪
Statistician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Information systems analyst – 2511
▪
Actuarial assistant – 3314
▪
Mathematical assistant – 3314
▪
Statistical assistant – 3314
▪
Actuarial clerk – 4312
▪
Statistical clerk – 4312
Minor
Group 213
Life Science
Professionals
Life science professionals apply knowledge
gained from research into human, animal and plant life and their interactions
with each other and the environment to develop new knowledge, improve
agricultural and forestry production, and solve human health and environmental
problems.
Tasks performed usually include: collecting, analysing
and evaluating experimental and field data to identify and develop new
processes and techniques; providing advice and support to governments, organizations
and businesses about ecological sustainable development of natural resources.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2131 Biologists, Botanists,
Zoologists and Related Professionals
2132 Farming, Forestry
and Fisheries Advisers
2133 Environmental Protection Professionals
2131 Biologists, Botanists, Zoologists
and Related Professionals
Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related
professionals study living organisms and their interactions with each other and
with the environment, and apply this knowledge to solving human health and
environmental problems. They work in diverse fields such as botany, zoology,
ecology, marine biology, genetics, immunology, pharmacology, toxicology,
physiology, bacteriology and virology.
Tasks include –
(a)
undertaking research in laboratories and in the field to increase
scientific knowledge of living organisms, to discover new information, to test
hypotheses, to solve problems in areas such as the environment, agriculture and
health, and to develop new products, processes and techniques for
pharmaceutical, agricultural and environmental use;
(b)
designing and conducting experiments and tests;
(c)
gathering human, animal, insect and plant specimens and data, and studying
their origin, development, chemical and physical form, structure, composition,
and life and reproductive processes;
(d)
examining living organisms using a variety of specialized equipment,
instruments, technologies and techniques such as electron microscopes,
telemetry, global positioning systems, biotechnology, satellite imaging,
genetic engineering, digital imaging analysis, polymerase chain reaction and
computer modelling;
(e)
identifying, classifying, recording and monitoring living organisms and
maintaining databases;
(f)
writing scientific papers and reports detailing research and any new
findings which are then made available to the scientific community in
scientific journals or at conferences for scrutiny and further debate;
(g)
designing and carrying out environmental impact assessments to identify
changes caused by natural or human factors;
(h)
providing advice to governments, organizations and businesses in areas
such as conservation, management of natural resources, and the effects of
climate change and pollution.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Animal behaviourist
▪
Bacteriologist
▪
Biochemist
▪
Biologist
▪
Biomedical researcher
▪
Biotechnologist
▪
Botanist
▪
Cell geneticist
▪
Marine biologist
▪
Microbiologist
▪
Molecular biologist
▪
Molecular geneticist
▪
Pharmacologist
▪
Zoologist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Ecologist
– 2133
Notes
Medical research professionals who participate in
biomedical research using living organisms and do not undertake clinical
practice are classified in Unit Group 2131: Biologists, Botanists, Zoologists
and Related Professionals. Those who also undertake clinical practice are
classified in Minor Group 221: Medical Doctors.
2132 Farming, Forestry and Fisheries
Advisers
Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers study
and provide assistance and advice on farm, forestry and fisheries management, including
cultivation, fertilization, harvesting, soil erosion and composition, disease
prevention, nutrition, crop rotation and marketing. They develop techniques for
increasing productivity, and study and develop plans and policies for land and
fisheries management.
Tasks include –
(a)
collecting and analysing data and samples related to produce, feed,
soil, water quality and other factors affecting farm, forest or fishery
production;
(b)
advising on techniques for improving the production of crops, livestock
and fish, and alternative production options;
(c)
advising on livestock and crop disease, control of pests and weeds, soil
improvement, animal husbandry and feeding programmes;
(d)
studying the environmental factors affecting commercial crop production,
pasture growth, animal breeding, fish stocks and the growth and health of
forest trees;
(e)
studying the effects of cultivation techniques, soils, insects, diseases
and fisheries practices on animal, crop, forestry and fisheries yield;
(f) studying
fish migration, growth, feeding and spawning, and devising methods of
collecting, fertilizing, incubating and hatching fish eggs;
(g)
researching into characteristics, use capability and productivity of
soils, and applying findings to development of improved agricultural,
horticultural and forestry practices;
(h)
developing procedures and techniques for solving agricultural problems
and improving the efficiency of production;
(i)
managing forest and fisheries resources to maximize their long-term
commercial, recreational and environmental benefits;
(j)
studying the propagation and culture of forest trees, methods for
improving the growth of stock, and the effects of thinning on forest yields;
(k)
investigating, planning and implementing management procedures to cope
with the effects of fires, floods, droughts, soil erosion, pests and diseases;
(l)
preparing scientific reports and conducting advisory information
sessions and lectures for farming, forestry and fishing communities and other groups.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Agronomist
▪
Fisheries adviser
▪
Forestry adviser
▪
Forestry scientist
▪
Horticultural scientist
▪
Silviculturist
▪
Soil scientist
2133 Environmental Protection Professionals
Environmental protection professionals study
and assess the effects on the environment of human activity such as air, water
and noise pollution, soil contamination, climate change, toxic waste and
depletion and degradation of natural resources. They develop plans and
solutions to protect, conserve, restore, minimize and prevent further damage to
the environment.
Tasks include –
(a) conducting research, performing tests,
collecting samples, performing field and laboratory analysis to identify
sources of environmental problems, and recommending ways to prevent, control
and remediate the impact of such problems;
(b)
assessing the likely impact that potential or proposed activities,
projects and developments may have on the environment, and recommending whether
such developments should proceed;
(c)
developing and coordinating the implementation of environmental
management systems to enable organizations to identify, monitor and control the
impact of their activities, products and services on the environment;
(d)
conducting audits to evaluate the environmental impact of existing
activities, processes, wastes, noises and substances;
(e)
assessing an organization’s compliance with government and internal
environmental regulations and guidelines, identifying violations and
determining appropriate remedial action;
(f)
providing technical advice and support services to organizations on how
best to deal with environmental problems in order to reduce environmental
damage and minimize financial loss;
(g) developing
conservation plans.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Air pollution analyst
▪
Conservation officer
▪
Conservation scientist
▪
Ecologist
▪
Environmental adviser
▪
Environmental auditor
▪
Environmental consultant
▪
Environmental research scientist
▪
Environmental scientist
▪
Park ranger
▪
Water quality analyst
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Environmental engineer – 2143
Minor
Group 214
Engineering
Professionals (excluding Electrotechnology)
Engineering professionals (excluding
electrotechnology) design, plan and organize the testing, construction,
installation and maintenance of structures, machines and their components, and
production systems and plants; and plan production schedules and work
procedures to ensure that engineering projects are undertaken safely,
efficiently and in a cost-effective manner.
Tasks performed usually include: planning and
designing chemical process systems, civil engineering projects, mechanical
equipment and systems, mining and drilling operations, and other engineering
projects; specifying and interpreting drawings and plans, and determining
construction methods; supervising the construction of structures, water and gas
supply and transportation systems, and the manufacture, installation, operation
and maintenance of equipment, machines and plant; organizing and managing
project labour and the delivery of materials, plant and equipment; estimating
total costs and preparing detailed cost plans and estimates as tools for
budgetary control; resolving design and operational problems in the various
fields of engineering through the application of engineering technology.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2141 Industrial and Production
Engineers
2142 Civil Engineers
2143 Environmental Engineers
2144 Mechanical Engineers
2145 Chemical Engineers
2146 Mining Engineers,
Metallurgists and Related Professionals
2149 Engineering Professionals
Not Elsewhere Classified
2141 Industrial and Production
Engineers
Industrial and production engineers conduct
research and design, organize and oversee the construction, operation and
maintenance of industrial production processes and installations. They
establish programmes for the coordination of manufacturing activities and
assess cost effectiveness and safety.
Tasks include –
(a)
studying functional statements, organizational charts and project
information to determine functions and responsibilities of workers and work
units and to identify areas of duplication;
(b)
establishing work measurement programmes and analysing work samples to
develop standards for labour utilization;
(c)
analysing workforce utilization, facility layout, operational data and
production schedules and costs to determine optimum worker and equipment
efficiencies;
(d)
developing specifications for manufacture, and determining materials,
equipment, piping, material flows, capacities and layout of plant and systems;
(e)
organizing and managing project labour and the delivery of materials,
plant and equipment;
(f)
establishing standards and policies for installation, modification,
quality control, testing, inspection and maintenance according to engineering
principles and safety regulations;
(g)
inspecting plant to improve and maintain performance;
(h)
directing the maintenance of plant buildings and equipment, and
coordinating the requirements for new designs, surveys and maintenance schedules;
(i)
advising management on new production methods, techniques and equipment;
(j)
liaising with materials buying, storing and controlling departments to
ensure a steady flow of supplies.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪
Industrial efficiency engineer
▪
Industrial engineer
▪
Industrial plant engineer
▪
Production engineer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Manufacturing production manager – 1321
2142 Civil Engineers
Civil engineers conduct research, advise on,
design, and direct construction; manage the operation and maintenance of civil
engineering structures; or study and advise on technological aspects of
particular materials.
Tasks include –
(a)
conducting research and developing new or improved theories and methods
related to civil engineering;
(b)
advising on and designing structures such as bridges, dams, docks,
roads, airports, railways, canals, pipelines, waste-disposal and flood-control
systems, and industrial and other large buildings;
(c)
determining and specifying construction methods, materials and quality
standards, and directing construction work;
(d)
establishing control systems to ensure efficient functioning of
structures as well as safety and environmental protection;
(e)
organizing and directing maintenance and repair of existing civil
engineering structures;
(f) analysing
the behaviour of soil and rock when placed under pressure by proposed
structures and designing structural foundations;
(g) analysing
the stability of structures and testing the behaviour and durability of
materials used in their construction.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Civil engineer
▪
Geotechnical engineer
▪
Structural engineer
Some related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪
Civil engineering project manager – 1323
▪
Geoscientist – 2114
▪
Metallurgist – 2146
▪
Mining engineer – 2146
▪
Town and traffic planners – 2164
2143 Environmental Engineers
Environmental engineers conduct research,
advise on, design and direct implementation of solutions to prevent, control or
remedy negative impacts of human activity on the environment utilizing a
variety of engineering disciplines. They conduct environmental assessments of
construction and civil engineering projects and apply engineering principles to
pollution control, recycling and waste disposal.
Tasks include –
(a)
conducting research, assessing and reporting on the environmental impact
of existing and proposed construction, civil engineering and other activities;
(b)
inspecting industrial and municipal facilities and programmes to
evaluate operational effectiveness and ensure compliance with environmental
regulations;
(c)
designing and overseeing the development of systems, processes and
equipment for control, management, or remediation of water, air or soil
quality;
(d)
providing environmental engineering assistance in network analysis,
regulatory analysis, and planning or reviewing database development;
(e)
obtaining, updating, and maintaining plans, permits, and standard
operating procedures;
(f)
providing engineering and technical support for environmental
remediation and litigation projects, including remediation system design and
determination of regulatory applicability;
(g)
monitoring progress of environmental improvement programmes;
(h)
advising corporations and government agencies of procedures to follow in
cleaning up contaminated sites to protect people and the environment;
(i)
collaborating with environmental scientists, planners, hazardous waste
technicians, engineers from other disciplines, and specialists in law and
business to address environmental problems.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Air pollution control engineer
▪
Environmental analyst
▪
Environmental engineer
▪
Environmental remediation specialist
▪
Wastewater process engineer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Environmental scientist – 2133
▪
Radiation protection expert – 2263
2144 Mechanical Engineers
Mechanical engineers conduct research; advise
on, design, and direct production of machines, aircraft, ships, machinery and
industrial plant, equipment and systems; advise on and direct their
functioning, maintenance and repair; or study and advise on mechanical aspects
of particular materials, products or processes.
Tasks include –
(a)
advising on and designing machinery and tools for manufacturing, mining,
construction, agricultural, and other industrial purposes;
(b)
advising on and designing steam, internal combustion and other
non-electric motors and engines used for propulsion of railway locomotives,
road vehicles or aircraft, or for driving industrial or other machinery;
(c)
advising on and designing: hulls, superstructures and propulsion systems
of ships; mechanical plant and equipment for the release, control and
utilization of energy; heating, ventilation and refrigeration systems, steering
gear, pumps, and other mechanical equipment;
(d)
advising on and designing airframes, undercarriages and other equipment
for aircraft as well as suspension systems, brakes, vehicle bodies and other
components of road vehicles;
(e)
advising on and designing non-electrical parts of apparatus or products
such as word processors, computers, precision instruments, cameras and
projectors;
(f)
establishing control standards and procedures to ensure efficient
functioning and safety of machines, machinery, tools, motors, engines,
industrial plant, equipment or systems;
(g)
ensuring that equipment, operation and maintenance comply with design
specifications and safety standards.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Aeronautical engineer
▪ Engine designer
▪
Marine architect
▪
Marine engineer
▪
Mechanical engineer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Ships’ engineer – 3151
2145 Chemical Engineers
Chemical engineers conduct research and
develop, advise on and direct commercial-scale chemical processes and
production of various substances and items such as crude oil, petroleum
derivatives, food and drink products, medicines, or synthetic materials. They
direct maintenance and repair of chemical plant and equipment and study and
advise on chemical aspects of particular materials, products or processes.
Tasks include –
(a)
conducting research and advising on, and developing, commercial-scale
chemical processes to refine crude oil and other liquids or gases, and to
produce substances and items such as petroleum derivatives, explosives, food
and drink products, medicines, or synthetic materials;
(b)
specifying chemical production methods, materials and quality standards
and ensuring that they conform to specifications;
(c)
establishing control standards and procedures to ensure safety and
efficiency of chemical production operations and safety of workers’ operating
equipment or of those working in close proximity to ongoing chemical reactions;
(d)
designing chemical plant equipment and devising processes for
manufacturing chemicals and products;
(e) performing
tests throughout stages of production to determine degree of control over
variables, including temperature, density, specific gravity, and pressure;
(f)
developing safety procedures to be employed;
(g)
preparing estimates of production costs and production progress reports
for management;
(h)
performing laboratory studies of steps in the manufacture of new
products and testing proposed processes in small-scale operations such as a
pilot plant.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Chemical engineer
▪
Fuel technologist
▪
Plastics technologist
▪
Refinery process engineer
2146 Mining Engineers, Metallurgists
and Related Professionals
Mining engineers, metallurgists and related
professionals conduct research on, design, develop and maintain
commercial-scale methods of extracting metals from their ores, or minerals,
water, oil or gas from the earth, and of developing new alloys, ceramic and
other materials, or study and advise on mining or metallurgical aspects of
particular materials, products or processes.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining the location and planning the extraction of coal, metallic
ores, non-metallic minerals, and building materials such as stone and gravel;
(b)
determining the most suitable methods of efficient mining and extraction
and types of machinery to be used, planning layout and directing construction
of shafts and tunnels;
(c)
determining drilling sites and devising methods of controlling the flow
of water, oil or gas from wells;
(d)
planning and directing storage, initial treatment and transportation of
water, oil or gas;
(e)
establishing safety standards and procedures and first-aid facilities,
especially underground;
(f)
conducting research, developing methods of extracting metals from their
ores and advising on their application;
(g)
investigating properties of metals and alloys, developing new alloys and
advising on and supervising technical aspects of metal and alloy manufacture
and processing;
(h)
maintaining technical liaison and consultancy with other relevant
specialists such as geologists and geophysicists;
(i)
examining deposits or mines to evaluate profitability.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Extractive metallurgist
▪
Mining engineer
▪
Petroleum and natural gas extraction engineer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Geologist – 2114
▪
Geophysicist – 2114
2149 Engineering Professionals
Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers engineering
professionals not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 214: Engineering Professionals
(excluding Electrotechnology) or in Minor Group 215: Electrotechnology Engineers.
For instance, the group includes those who conduct research, advise on or
develop engineering procedures and solutions concerning workplace safety,
biomedical engineering, optics, materials, nuclear power generation and
explosives.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
applying knowledge of engineering to the design, development and
evaluation of biological and health systems and products such as artificial
organs, prostheses, and instrumentation;
(b)
designing devices used in various medical procedures and imaging systems
such as magnetic resonance imaging, and devices for automating insulin
injections or controlling body functions;
(c)
designing components of optical instruments such as lenses, microscopes,
telescopes, lasers, optical disc systems and other equipment that utilize the
properties of light;
(d)
designing, testing, and coordinating the development of explosive
ordnance material to meet military procurement specifications;
(e)
designing and overseeing the construction and operation of nuclear
reactors and power plants and nuclear fuels reprocessing and reclamation
systems;
(f) designing
and developing nuclear equipment such as reactor cores, radiation shielding and
associated instrumentation and control mechanisms;
(g)
assessing damage and providing calculations for marine salvage
operations;
(h)
studying and advising on engineering aspects of particular manufacturing
processes, such as those related to glass, ceramics, textiles, leather
products, wood and printing;
(i)
identifying potential hazards and introducing safety procedures and
devices.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪
Biomedical engineer
▪
Explosive ordnance engineer
▪
Marine salvage engineer
▪
Materials engineer
▪ Nuclear power generation
engineer
▪
Optical engineer
▪
Quantity surveyor
▪
Safety engineer
▪
Time and motion study engineer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Industrial and production engineers – 2141
▪
Environmental engineers – 2143
▪
Surveyor – 2165
Notes:
It should be noted that, while they are
appropriately classified in this unit group with other engineering
professionals, biomedical engineers are considered to be an integral part of
the health workforce alongside those occupations classified in Sub-major Group
22: Health Professionals, and others classified in a number of other unit
groups in Major Group 2: Professionals.
Minor
Group 215
Electrotechnology
Engineers
Electrotechnology engineers conduct research on
and design, advise, plan and direct the construction and operation of
electronic, electrical and telecommunications systems, components, motors and
equipment. They organize and establish control systems to monitor the performance
and safety of electrical and electronic assemblies and systems.
Tasks performed usually include: conducting
research, advising on and directing the maintenance and repair of electrical,
electronic and telecommunications products and systems; advising on and
designing power stations and systems that generate, transmit and distribute
electrical power; establishing control standards to monitor performance and
safety of electrical, electronic and telecommunication systems and equipment.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2151 Electrical Engineers
2152 Electronics Engineers
2153Telecommunications
Engineers
2151 Electrical Engineers
Electrical engineers conduct research and
advise on, design and direct the construction and operation of electrical
systems, components, motors and equipment, and advise on and direct their
functioning, maintenance and repair, or study and advise on technological
aspects of electrical engineering materials, products and processes.
Tasks include –
(a)
advising on and designing power stations and systems which generate,
transmit and distribute electrical power;
(b)
supervising, controlling and monitoring the operation of electrical
generation, transmission and distribution systems;
(c) advising
on and designing systems for electrical motors, electrical traction and other
equipment, or electrical domestic appliances;
(d)
specifying electrical installation and application in industrial and
other buildings and objects;
(e)
establishing control standards and procedures to monitor performance and
safety of electrical generating and distribution systems, motors and equipment;
(f)
determining manufacturing methods for electrical systems, as well as
maintenance and repair of existing electrical systems, motors and equipment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here
▪
Electrical engineer
▪
Electric power generation engineer
▪
Electromechanical engineer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Nuclear power generation engineer – 2149
▪ Electronics engineer – 2152
▪ Broadcast engineer – 2153
▪ Telecommunications engineers – 2153
2152 Electronics Engineers
Electronics engineers conduct research on,
design, and direct the construction functioning, maintenance and repair of
electronic systems, and study and advise on technological aspects of electronic
engineering materials, products or processes.
Tasks include –
(a)
advising on and designing electronic devices or components, circuits,
semi-conductors, and systems;
(b)
specifying production or installation methods, materials and quality
standards, and directing production or installation work of electronic products
and systems;
(c)
establishing control standards and procedures to ensure efficient
functioning and safety of electronic systems, motors and equipment;
(d)
organizing and directing maintenance and repair of existing electronic
systems and equipment;
(e)
designing electronic circuits and components for use in fields such as
aerospace guidance and propulsion control, acoustics, or instruments and
controls;
(f)
researching and advising on radar, telemetry and remote control systems,
microwaves and other electronic equipment;
(g)
designing and developing signal processing algorithms and implementing
these through appropriate choice of hardware and software;
(h)
developing apparatus and procedures to test electronic components,
circuits and systems.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Computer hardware engineer
▪
Electronics engineer
▪
Instrumentation engineer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Telecommunications engineer – 2153
2153 Telecommunications Engineers
Telecommunications engineers conduct research
and advise on, design and direct the construction, functioning, maintenance and
repair of telecommunication systems and equipment. They study and advise on
technological aspects of telecommunication engineering materials, products or
processes.
Tasks include –
(a)
advising on and designing telecommunications devices or components,
systems, equipment and distribution centres;
(b)
specifying production or installation methods, materials, quality and
safety standards and directing production or installation work of telecommunications
products and systems;
(c)
organizing and directing maintenance and repair of existing
telecommunication systems, motors and equipment;
(d)
researching and advising on telecommunications equipment;
(e)
planning and designing communications networks based on wired, fibre
optical and wireless communication media;
(f)
designing and developing signal processing algorithms and implementing
these through appropriate choice of hardware and software;
(g)
designing telecommunications networks and radio and television
distribution systems, including both cable and over the air.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Broadcast engineer
▪
Telecommunications engineer
▪
Telecommunications engineering technologist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Electronics engineer – 2152
Minor
Group 216
Architects,
Planners, Surveyors and Designers
Architects, planners, surveyors and designers
plan and design landscapes, building exteriors and interiors, products for
manufacture, and visual and audiovisual content for the communication of
information. They conduct survey work to precisely position geographical
features; design, prepare and revise maps; and develop and implement plans and
policies for controlling the use of land.
Tasks performed usually include: determining
the objectives and constraints of the design brief by consulting with clients
and stakeholders; formulating design concepts and plans that harmonize
aesthetic considerations with technical, functional, ecological and production
requirements; preparing sketches, diagrams, illustrations, animations, plans,
maps, charts, samples and models to communicate design concepts and other
information; analysing photographs, satellite imagery, survey documents and
data, maps, records, reports and statistics; undertaking research and analysing
functional, spatial, commercial, cultural, safety, environmental and aesthetic
requirements.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2161 Building
Architects
2162 Landscape
Architects
2163 Product and
Garment Designers
2164 Town and Traffic
Planners
2165 Cartographers and Surveyors
2166 Graphic and
Multimedia Designers
2161 Building Architects
Building architects design commercial,
industrial, institutional, residential and recreational buildings and plan and
monitor their construction, maintenance and rehabilitation.
Tasks include –
(a)
developing new or improved architectural theories and methods;
(b)
inspecting sites and consulting clients, management and other
stakeholders to determine type, style and size of proposed buildings and
alterations to existing buildings;
(c)
providing information regarding designs, materials and estimated
building times;
(d)
preparing project documentation, including sketches and scale drawings,
and integrating structural, mechanical and aesthetic elements in final designs;
(e)
writing specifications and contract documents for use by builders and
calling tenders on behalf of clients;
(f)
making necessary contacts to ensure feasibility of projects regarding
style, cost, timing and compliance with regulations;
(g)
identifying and finding best solutions for problems regarding function
and quality of interior environments of buildings and making necessary designs,
drawings and plans;
(h)
monitoring construction or rehabilitation work to ensure compliance with
specifications and quality standards;
(i)
maintaining technical liaison and consultancy with other relevant specialists.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Building architect
▪ Interior architect
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Landscape architect – 2162
▪ Interior decorator – 3432
▪ Interior designers – 3432
2162 Landscape Architects
Landscape architects plan and design landscapes
and open spaces for projects such as parks, schools, institutions, roads,
external areas for commercial, industrial and residential sites, and plan and
monitor their construction, maintenance and rehabilitation.
Tasks include –
(a)
developing new or improved theories and methods and providing advice on
policy related to landscape architecture;
(b)
inspecting sites and consulting clients, management and other
stakeholders to determine type, style and size of proposed buildings, parks,
roads and other open spaces;
(c)
compiling and analysing site and community data about geographical and
ecological features, landforms, soils, vegetation, site hydrology, visual
characteristics and human-made structures, to formulate land use and
development recommendations, feasibility studies and environmental impact
statements;
(d)
preparing reports, strategic plans, site plans, working drawings,
specifications and cost estimates for land development, showing location and
details of proposals, including ground modelling, structures, vegetation and
access;
(e)
writing specifications and contract documents for use by builders and
civil engineering contractors and calling tenders on behalf of clients;
(f)
making necessary contacts to ensure feasibility of projects regarding
style, cost, timing and compliance with regulations;
(g)
identifying and finding best solutions for problems regarding function
and quality of exterior environments and making necessary designs, drawings and
plans;
(h)
monitoring construction or rehabilitation work to ensure compliance with
specifications and quality standards;
(i)
maintaining technical liaison and consultancy with other relevant
specialists.
Example of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Landscape architect
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪Building architect – 2161
▪ Urban planner – 2164
2163 Product and Garment Designers
Product and garment designers design and
develop products for manufacture and prepare designs and specifications of
products for mass, batch and one-off production.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining the objectives and constraints of the design brief by
consulting with clients and stakeholders;
(b)
formulating design concepts for clothing, textiles, industrial,
commercial and consumer products, and jewellery;
(c)
harmonizing aesthetic considerations with technical, functional,
ecological and production requirements;
(d)
preparing sketches, diagrams, illustrations, plans, samples and models
to communicate design concepts;
(e)
negotiating design solutions with clients, management, and sales and
manufacturing staff;
(f)
selecting, specifying and recommending functional and aesthetic
materials, production methods and finishes for manufacture;
(g)
detailing and documenting the selected design for production;
(h)
preparing and commissioning prototypes and samples;
(i)
supervising the preparation of patterns, programmes and tooling, and of the
manufacturing process.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Costume designer
▪ Fashion designer
▪ Industrial designer
▪ Jewellery designer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Engine designer – 2144
▪ Building architect – 2161
▪ Landscape architect – 2162
▪ Interior designers – 3432
2164 Town and Traffic Planners
Town and traffic planners develop and implement
plans and policies for the controlled use of urban and rural land and for
traffic systems. They conduct research and provide advice on economic,
environmental and social factors affecting land use and traffic flows.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning layout and coordinating development of urban areas;
(b)
compiling and analysing data on economic, legal, political, cultural, demographic,
sociological, physical and environmental factors affecting land use;
(c)
conferring with government authorities, communities and specialists in
fields such as architecture, planning, social science, the environment and the
law;
(d)
devising and recommending use and development of land, and presenting
narrative and graphic plans, programmes and designs to groups and individuals;
(e)
advising governments, companies and communities on urban and regional
planning issues and proposals;
(f) reviewing
and evaluating environmental impact reports;
(g) planning and coordinating the development of
land areas for parks, schools, institutions, airports, roadways and related
projects, and for commercial, industrial and residential sites;
(h) planning
and advising on routing and control of road traffic and public transportation
systems for efficiency and safety.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Land planner
▪ Traffic planner
▪ Urban planner
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Building architect – 2161
▪ Landscape architect – 2162
2165 Cartographers and Surveyors
Cartographers and surveyors determine the exact
position of, or prepare and revise digital, graphic and pictorial maps, charts
or other visual representation of, natural and constructed features and
boundaries of land, seas, underground areas and celestial bodies, applying
scientific and mathematical principles.
Tasks include –
(a)
surveying, measuring and describing land surfaces, mines, underground
surfaces, sea, river and lake beds;
(b)
noting exact position of various features and recording survey data in
digital form;
(c)
making charts and maps to be used in determining navigable waters and
channels and in planning construction of marine structures;
(d)
planning and conducting aerial photographic surveys;
(e)
designing, compiling and revising maps and charts using aerial and other
photographs, satellite imagery, survey documents and data, existing maps and
records, reports and statistics;
(f)
undertaking research and development of surveying and photogrammetric
measurement systems, cadastral systems and land information systems;
(g)
studying and advising on technical, aesthetic and economic aspects of
map production;
(h) maintaining
technical liaison and consultancy with other relevant specialists.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Aerial surveyor
▪ Cadastral surveyor
▪ Cartographer
▪ Hydrographic surveyor
▪ Land surveyor
▪ Mine surveyor
▪ Photogrammetrist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Quantity surveyor – 2149
▪ Building surveyor – 3112
▪ Marine surveyor – 3115
2166 Graphic and Multimedia Designers
Graphic and multimedia designers design visual
and audiovisual content for the communication of information using print, film,
electronic, digital and other forms of visual and audio media. They create
graphics, special effects, animation or other visual images for use in computer
games, movies, music videos, print media and advertisements.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining the objectives and constraints of the design brief by
consulting with clients and stakeholders;
(b)
undertaking research and analysing functional communication
requirements;
(c) formulating
design concepts for the subject to be communicated;
(d)
preparing sketches, diagrams, illustrations and layouts to communicate
design concepts;
(e)
designing complex graphics and animation to satisfy functional,
aesthetic and creative requirements of the design brief;
(f)
creating two-dimensional and three-dimensional images depicting objects
in motion or illustrating a process, using computer animation or modelling
programmes;
(g)
negotiating design solutions with clients, management, sales and
production staff;
(h)
selecting, specifying or recommending functional and aesthetic materials
and media for publication, delivery or display;
(i)
detailing and documenting the selected design for production;
(j)
supervising or carrying out production in the chosen media.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Animator
▪ Commercial artist
▪ Computer games designer
▪ Digital artist
▪ Graphic designer
▪ Illustrator
▪ Multimedia designer
▪ Publication designer
▪ Website designer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Interior architect – 2161
▪ Multimedia developers – 2513
▪ Web developers – 2513
▪ Visual artists – 2651
▪ Interior designers – 3432
Sub-major Group 22
Health Professionals
Health professionals conduct research,; improve
or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; and apply scientific
knowledge relating to medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine,
pharmacy, and promotion of health.
Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group
requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: conducting research and obtaining scientific knowledge
through the study of human and animal disorders and illnesses and ways of
treating them; advising on or applying preventive and curative measures, or
promoting health; preparing scientific papers and reports. Supervision of other workers may be
included.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
221 Medical Doctors
222 Nursing and
Midwifery Professionals
223 Traditional and
Complementary Medicine Professionals
224 Paramedical
Practitioners
225 Veterinarians
226 Other Health
Professionals
Note
In using ISCO in applications that seek to identify,
describe or measure the health workforce,
it should be noted that a number of professions considered to be a part
of the health workforce are classified in groups other than Sub-major Group 22:
Health Professionals. Such occupations include but are not restricted to:
addictions counsellors, biomedical engineers, clinical psychologists and
medical physicists.
Minor
Group 221
Medical
Doctors
Medical doctors (physicians) study, diagnose,
treat and prevent illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental
impairments in humans through the application of the principles and procedures
of modern medicine. They plan, supervise and evaluate the implementation of
care and treatment plans by other health care providers, and conduct medical
education and research activities.
Tasks performed usually include: conducting
physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and their families to
determine their health status; ordering diagnostic tests and analysing
findings; prescribing and administering curative treatments and preventive
measures; performing surgery and other clinical procedures; monitoring patients’
progress and response to treatment; advising on health, nutrition and
lifestyle behaviours which aid prevention or treatment of disease and
disorders; identifying and managing complications before, during and after
childbirth; planning, managing and implementing referral plans for patients in
need of specialized, long-term or other types of health care services;
exchanging medical information with other health professionals to ensure
continuing and comprehensive care; reporting births, deaths and notifiable
diseases to government authorities; conducting research into human disorders
and illnesses and preventive or curative methods.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2211 Generalist Medical
Practitioners
2212 Specialist Medical
Practitioners
2211 Generalist Medical Practitioners
Generalist medical practitioners (including
family and primary care doctors) diagnose, treat and prevent illness,
disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments and maintain general
health in humans through application of the principles and procedures of modern
medicine. They do not limit their
practice to certain disease categories or methods of treatment, and may assume
responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care
to individuals, families and communities.
Tasks include –
(a) conducting
physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and their families to
determine their health status;
(b)
ordering laboratory tests, X-rays
and other diagnostic procedures and analysing findings to determine the nature of disorders or illnesses;
(c)
providing continuing medical care for patients including prescribing,
administering, counselling on and monitoring curative treatments and preventive
measures;
(d)
performing surgery and other clinical procedures;
(e)
advising individuals, families and communities on health, nutrition and
lifestyle which aid prevention or treatment of disease and disorders;
(f)
providing referrals to patients and families for specialized care in
hospitals, rehabilitation centres or other types of health care centres;
(g)
identifying, managing and providing referrals for complications before,
during and after childbirth;
(h)
recording patients’ medical information and history and exchanging
information with specialist practitioners and other health workers as required
for continuing medical care;
(i)
reporting births, deaths and notifiable diseases to government
authorities to meet legal and professional requirements;
(j)
conducting research in human health and medical services and
disseminating the findings such as through scientific reports;
(k)
planning and participating in programmes designed to prevent the
occurrence and spread of common diseases.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ District medical doctor–therapist
▪ Family medical practitioner
▪ General practitioner
▪ Medical doctor (general)
▪ Medical officer (general)
▪ Physician (general)
▪ Primary health care physician
▪ Resident medical officer
specializing in
general
practice
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Psychiatrist – 2212
▪ Specialist physician – 212
▪ Surgeon – 2212
▪ Clinical officer (paramedical) –
2240
▪ Feldscher – 2240
Notes
Occupations included in this unit group require
completion of a university-level degree in basic medical education plus
postgraduate clinical training or equivalent for competent performance. Medical
interns or residents who have completed their university education in basic
medical education and are undertaking postgraduate clinical training in general
medicine without any area of specialization are included here. Although in some
countries ‘general practice’ and 'family medicine' may be considered as medical
specializations, these occupations should always be classified here.
2212 Specialist Medical Practitioners
Specialist medical practitioners (medical
doctors) diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury and other
physical and mental impairments in humans, using specialized testing,
diagnostic, medical, surgical, physical and psychiatric techniques through
application of the principles and procedures of modern medicine. They
specialize in certain disease categories, types of patient or methods of
treatment and may conduct medical education and research in their chosen areas
of specialization.
Tasks include –
(a)
conducting physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and
their families to determine their health status;
(b)
considering medical information provided by a referring doctor or other
health care provider,
(c)
ordering specialized diagnostic tests to determine the nature of
disorders or illnesses;
(d)
prescribing, administering and monitoring patients’ responses to
treatments, medications, anaesthetics, psychotherapies, physical rehabilitation
programmes and other preventive and curative measures;
(e)
performing surgery of a general or specialized nature;
(f)
managing complications before, during and after childbirth;
(g)
recording patients’ medical information and exchanging information with
other health professionals to ensure the provision of comprehensive care;
(h)
reporting births, deaths and notifiable diseases to government
authorities to meet legal and professional requirements;
(i)
providing information to patients and families and communities about
preventive measures, treatment and care for specific ailments;
(j)
performing autopsies to determine cause of death;
(k)
conducting research into specific human disorders and illnesses and
preventive or curative methods and disseminating the findings such as through
scientific reports;
(l)
planning and participating in programmes designed to prevent the
occurrence and spread of specific diseases.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Anaesthetist
▪ Cardiologist
▪ Emergency medicine specialist
▪ Gynaecologist
▪ Obstetrician
▪ Ophthalmologist
▪ Paediatrician
▪ Pathologist
▪ Preventive medicine specialist
▪ Psychiatrist
▪ Radiation oncologist
▪ Radiologist
▪ Resident medical officer in
specialist training
▪ Specialist medical practitioner
(public health)
▪ Specialist physician (internal
medicine)
▪ Specialist physician (nuclear
medicine)
▪ Surgeon
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Biomedical researcher – 2131
▪ General practitioner – 2211
▪ Resident medical officer
specializing in general practice – 2211
▪ Dental practitioner – 2261
▪ Dental surgeon – 2261
▪ Oral and maxillofacial surgeon –
2261
▪ Clinical psychologist – 2634
Notes
Occupations included in this unit group require
completion of a university-level degree in basic medical education plus
postgraduate clinical training in a medical specialization (except general
practice) or equivalent. Resident medical officers and interns training as
specialist practitioners (except general practice) are included here. Although
in some countries 'stomatology' may be considered as a medical specialization,
stomatologists should be included in Unit group -2261, Dentists.
Medical research professionals who participate in
biomedical research using living organisms and do not undertake clinical
practice are classified in Unit Group 2131: Biologists, Botanists, Zoologists
and Related Professionals.
Minor Group 222
Nursing
and Midwifery Professionals
Nursing and midwifery professionals provide
treatment and care services for people who are physically or mentally ill,
disabled or infirm, and others in need of care due to potential risks to health
including before, during and after childbirth. They assume responsibility for
the planning, management and evaluation of the care of patients, including the
supervision of other health care workers, working autonomously or in teams with
medical doctors and others in the practical application of preventive and
curative measures.
Tasks performed usually include: assessing,
planning, providing and evaluating nursing and midwifery care for patients
according to the practice and standards of modern nursing and midwifery;
coordinating the care of patients in consultation with other health
professionals and members of health teams; developing and implementing care
plans, treatments and therapies, including administering medications;
monitoring and alleviating pain and discomfort experienced by patients using a
variety of therapies, including the use of painkilling drugs; monitoring
patients’ health condition, including progress of pregnancy and responses to
curative treatment; providing information to patients, families and communities
about a range of health issues, including prevention of illness, treatment and
care, pregnancy and childbirth and other topics; supervising and coordinating
the work of other health care workers; conducting research on nursing and
midwifery practice and preparing scientific papers and reports.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2221 Nursing
Professionals
2222 Midwifery
Professionals
Note
The distinctions between nursing and midwifery
professionals and associate professionals should be made on the basis of the
nature of the work performed in relation to the tasks specified in this
definition and in the relevant unit group definitions. The qualifications held
by individuals or that predominate in the country are not the main factor in
making this distinction, as training arrangements for nurses and midwives vary
widely between countries and have varied over time within countries.
2221 Nursing Professionals
Nursing professionals provide treatment,
support and care services for people who are in need of nursing care due to the
effects of ageing, injury, illness or other physical or mental impairment, or
potential risks to health. They assume responsibility for the planning and
management of the care of patients, including the supervision of other health
care workers, working autonomously or in teams with medical doctors and others
in the practical application of preventive and curative measures.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning, providing and evaluating nursing care for patients according
to the practice and standards of modern nursing;
(b)
coordinating the care of patients in consultation with other health
professionals and members of health teams;
(c)
developing and implementing care plans for the biological, social and
psychological treatment of patients in collaboration with other health
professionals;
(d)
planning and providing personal care, treatments and therapies including
administering medications, and monitoring responses to treatment or care plan;
(e)
cleaning wounds and applying surgical dressings and bandages;
(f)
monitoring pain and discomfort experienced by patients and alleviating
pain using a variety of therapies, including the use of painkilling drugs;
(g)
planning and participating in health education programmes, health
promotion and nurse education activities in clinical and community settings;
(h)
answering questions from patients and families and providing information
about prevention of ill-health, treatment and care;
(i)
supervising and coordinating the work of other nursing, health and
personal care workers;
(j)
conducting research on nursing practices and procedures and
disseminating findings such as through scientific papers and reports.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Clinical nurse consultant
▪ District nurse
▪ Nurse anaesthetist
▪ Nurse educator
▪ Nurse practitioner
▪ Operating theatre nurse
▪ Professional nurse
▪ Public health nurse
▪ Specialist nurse
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Professional midwife – 2222
▪ Paramedical practitioners – 2240
▪ University lecturer – 2310
▪ Vocational education teacher –
2320
▪ Associate professional nurse –
3221
▪ Associate professional midwife –
3222
▪ Nursing aide (clinic or hospital) –
5321
Notes
The distinction between professional and associate
professional nurses should be made on the basis of the nature of the work performed
in relation to the tasks specified in this definition. The qualifications held
by individuals or that predominate in the country are not the main factor in
making this distinction, as training arrangements for nurses vary widely
between countries and have varied over time within countries.
Nurses who combine nursing education or research
with clinical nursing practice are classified in Unit Group 2221: Nursing Professionals.
Nursing researchers who participate in biomedical research using living organisms
and do not undertake clinical nursing practice are classified in Unit Group
2131: Biologists, Botanists, Zoologists and Related Professionals.
2222 Midwifery Professionals
Midwifery professionals plan, manage, provide
and evaluate midwifery care services before, during and after pregnancy and
childbirth. They provide delivery care for reducing health risks to women and
newborn children, working autonomously or in teams with other health care
providers.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning, providing and evaluating care and support services for women
and babies before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth according to the
practice and standards of modern midwifery care;
(b)
providing advice to women and families and conducting community
education on health, nutrition, hygiene, exercise, birth and emergency plans,
breastfeeding, infant care, family planning and contraception, lifestyle and
other topics related to pregnancy and childbirth;
(c)
assessing progress during pregnancy and childbirth, managing
complications and recognizing warning signs requiring referral to a medical
doctor with specialized skills in obstetrics;
(d)
monitoring the health status of newborns, managing complications and
recognizing warning signs requiring referral to a medical doctor with
specialized skills in neonatology;
(e)
monitoring pain and discomfort
experienced by women during labour and delivery and alleviating pain using a
variety of therapies, including the use of painkilling drugs;
(f)
reporting births to government authorities to meet legal and
professional requirements;
(g)
conducting research on midwifery practices and procedures and
disseminating findings such as through scientific papers and reports;
(h)
planning and conducting midwifery education activities in clinical and
community settings.
Example of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Professional midwife
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Professional nurse – 2221
▪ Associate professional nurse –
3221
▪ Associate professional midwife –
3222
▪ Nursing aide (clinic or hospital) –
5321
Note
The distinctions between nursing and midwifery
professionals and associate professionals should be made on the basis of the
nature of the work performed in relation to the tasks specified in this
definition. The qualifications held by individuals or that predominate in the
country are not the main factor in making this distinction, as training
arrangements for nurses and midwives vary widely between countries and have
varied over time within countries.
Midwives who combine midwifery education or research
with clinical midwifery practice are classified in Unit Group 2222: Midwifery Professionals.
Minor Group 223
Traditional and Complementary
Medicine Professionals
Traditional and complementary medicine
professionals examine patients; prevent and treat illness, disease, injury and
other physical and mental impairments; and maintain general health in humans by
applying knowledge, skills and practices acquired through extensive study
of the theories, beliefs and experiences
originating in specific cultures.
Tasks performed usually include: conducting
physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and their families to
determine their health status; developing and implementing treatment plans for
physical, mental and psychosocial ailments using applications such as
acupuncture, ayurvedic, homoeopathic and herbal medicine; evaluating and
documenting patients’ progress through treatment plans; providing health,
nutrition and lifestyle advice to individuals, families and communities; prescribing and preparing traditional
medicines, such as herbal, plant, mineral and animal extracts, to stimulate the
body’s capacity for self-healing; exchanging
information about patients with other health care workers as needed to
ensure continuing and comprehensive health care; conducting research into
traditional and complementary medicines and treatments and disseminating
findings such as through scientific papers and reports.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
2230 Traditional and
Complementary Medicine Professionals
2230 Traditional and Complementary
Medicine Professionals
Traditional and complementary medicine
professionals examine patients, prevent and treat illness, disease, injury and
other physical and mental impairments and maintain general health in humans by
applying knowledge, skills and practices acquired through extensive study
of the theories, beliefs and
experiences, originating in specific cultures.
Tasks include –
(a)
conducting physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and
their families to determine their health status;
(b)
developing and implementing treatment plans for physical, mental and
psychosocial ailments using applications such as acupuncture, ayurvedic,
homeopathic and herbal medicine;
(c)
evaluating and documenting patients’ progress through treatment plans;
(d)
providing health, nutrition and lifestyle advice to individuals,
families and communities;
(e)
prescribing and preparing traditional medicines, such as herbal, plant,
mineral and animal extracts, to stimulate the body’s capacity for self-healing;
(f)
exchanging information about
patients with other health care workers as needed to ensure continuing and
comprehensive health care;
(g)
conducting research into traditional and complementary medicines and
treatments and disseminating findings such as through scientific papers and
reports.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Acupuncturist
▪ Ayurvedic practitioner
▪ Chinese herbal medicine
practitioner
▪ Homeopath
▪ Naturopath
▪ Unani practitioner
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Chiropractor – 2269
▪ Osteopath – 2269
▪ Acupuncture technician – 3230
▪ Ayurvedic technician – 3230
▪ Herbalist – 3230
▪ Homeopathy technician – 3230
▪ Scraping and cupping therapist –
3230
▪ Village healer – 3230
▪ Witch doctor – 3230
▪ Acupressure therapist – 3255
▪ Hydrotherapist – 3255
▪ Shiatsu therapist – 3255
▪ Faith healer – 3413
Notes
Occupations in traditional and complementary
medicine for which competent performance requires an extensive understanding of
the benefits and applications of traditional and complementary therapies,
developed as the result of extended formal study of these techniques as well as
human anatomy and elements of modern medicine, are classified in Unit Group
2230: Traditional and Complementary Medicine Professionals. Those occupations whose practice requires a
less extensive understanding based on relatively short periods of formal or
informal education and training, or informally through the traditions and
practices of the communities where they originated, are included in Unit Group
3230: Traditional and Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals. Practitioners working in the singular
application of approaches to herbal medicines, spiritual therapies or manual
therapeutic techniques are excluded from Unit Group 2230.
Minor
Group
224
Paramedical
Practitioners
Paramedical practitioners provide advisory,
diagnostic, curative and preventive medical services more limited in scope and
complexity than those carried out by medical doctors. They work autonomously or
with limited supervision of medical doctors, and apply advanced clinical
procedures for treating and preventing diseases, injuries and other physical or
mental impairments common to specific communities.
Tasks performed usually include: conducting
physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and their families to
determine their health status and recording patients’ medical information;
performing basic or more routine medical and surgical procedures, including
prescribing and administering treatments, medications and other preventive or
curative measures, especially for common diseases and disorders;
administering or ordering diagnostic
tests, such as X-ray, electrocardiogram and laboratory tests; performing therapeutic procedures such as
injections, immunizations, suturing and wound care, and infection management;
assisting medical doctors with complex surgical procedures; monitoring patients’ progress and response to treatment, and
identifying signs and symptoms requiring referral to medical doctors; advising
patients and families on diet, exercise and other habits which aid prevention
or treatment of disease and disorders;
identifying and referring complex or unusual cases to medical
doctors, hospitals or other places for
specialized care; reporting births, deaths and notifiable diseases to
government authorities to meet legal and professional reporting requirements.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
2240 Paramedical Practitioners
2240 Paramedical Practitioners
Paramedical practitioners provide advisory,
diagnostic, curative and preventive medical services more limited in scope and
complexity than those carried out by medical doctors. They work autonomously,
or with limited supervision of medical doctors, and apply advanced clinical
procedures for treating and preventing diseases, injuries and other physical or
mental impairments common to specific communities.
Tasks include –
(a)
conducting physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and
their families to determine their health status, and recording patients’
medical information;
(b)
performing basic or more routine medical and surgical procedures,
including prescribing and administering treatments, medications and other
preventive or curative measures, especially for common diseases and disorders;
(c) administering or ordering diagnostic tests, such as X-ray,
electrocardiogram and laboratory tests;
(d)
performing therapeutic procedures such as injections, immunizations,
suturing and wound care, and infection management;
(e)
assisting medical doctors with complex surgical procedures;
(f)
monitoring patients’ progress and
response to treatment, and identifying signs and symptoms requiring referral to
medical doctors;
(g)
advising patients and families on diet, exercise and other habits which
aid prevention or treatment of disease and disorders;
(h)
identifying and referring complex or unusual cases to medical
doctors, hospitals or other places for
specialized care;
(i)
reporting births, deaths and notifiable diseases to government
authorities to meet legal and professional reporting requirements.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Advanced care paramedic
▪ Clinical officer (paramedical)
▪ Feldscher
▪ Primary care paramedic
▪ Surgical technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ General practitioner – 2211
▪ Surgeon – 2212
▪ Medical assistant – 3256
▪ Emergency paramedic – 3258
Note
Occupations included in this unit group normally
require completion of tertiary-level training in theoretical and practical medical
services. Workers providing services limited to emergency treatment and
ambulance practice are classified in Unit Group 3258: Ambulance Workers.
Minor
Group 225
Veterinarians
Veterinarians diagnose, prevent and treat
diseases, injuries and dysfunctions of animals. They may provide care to a wide
range of animals; specialize in the treatment of a particular animal group or
in a particular area of specialization; or provide professional services to
commercial firms producing biological and pharmaceutical products.
Tasks performed usually include: determining
the presence and nature of abnormal conditions by physical examination,
laboratory testing and through diagnostic imaging techniques including
radiography and ultrasound; treating animals medically and surgically, and
administering and prescribing drugs, analgesics, and general and local
anaesthetics; performing surgery, dressing wounds and setting broken bones;
rendering obstetric services to animals; participating in programmes designed
to prevent the occurrence and spread of animal diseases; inoculating animals
against, and testing for, infectious diseases and notifying authorities of
outbreaks of infectious animal diseases; performing autopsies to determine
cause of death; advising clients on health, nutrition and feeding, hygiene,
breeding and care of animals.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2250 Veterinarians
2250 Veterinarians
Veterinarians diagnose, prevent and treat
diseases, injuries and dysfunctions of animals. They may provide care to a wide
range of animals or specialize in the treatment of a particular animal group or
in a particular speciality area, or provide professional services to commercial
firms producing biological and pharmaceutical products.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining the presence and nature of abnormal conditions by physical
examination, laboratory testing and through diagnostic imaging techniques
including radiography and ultrasound;
(b)
treating animals medically and surgically, and administering and
prescribing drugs, analgesics, and general and local anaesthetics;
(c)
performing surgery, dressing wounds and setting broken bones;
(d)
rendering obstetric and dental services to animals;
(e)
participating in programmes designed to prevent the occurrence and
spread of animal diseases;
(f)
inoculating animals against, and testing for, infectious diseases and
notifying authorities of outbreaks of infectious animal diseases;
(g)
performing autopsies to determine cause of death;
(h)
advising clients on health, nutrition and feeding, hygiene, breeding and
care of animals;
(i)
providing euthanasia services for animals.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Animal pathologist
▪ Veterinarian
▪ Veterinary epidemiologist
▪ Veterinary intern
▪ Veterinary surgeon
Minor
Group 226
Other
Health Professionals
Other health professionals provide health
services related to dentistry, pharmacy, environmental health and hygiene,
occupational health and safety, physiotherapy, nutrition, hearing, speech,
vision and rehabilitation therapies.
This minor group includes all human health professionals except doctors,
traditional and complementary medicine practitioners, nurses, midwives and
paramedical professionals.
Tasks performed may include: assessing patients
or clients to determine the nature of the disorder, illness or problem;
developing and implementing treatment plans and evaluating and documenting
patients’ progress; diagnosing and treating diseases, injuries and
malformations of the teeth, mouth, jaws and associated tissues; storing,
preserving, compounding,testing and dispensing medicinal products and
counselling on their proper use and adverse effects; assessing, planning and
implementing programmes to recognize, monitor and control environmental factors
that can potentially affect human health, to improve or restore human motor
functions, maximize movement ability, relieve pain syndromes, or to enhance the
impact of food and nutrition on human health; diagnosing, managing and treating
physical disorders affecting human hearing, communication or swallowing, or
disorders of the eyes and visual system;
advising clients about continued treatment and care and providing or
arranging rehabilitation services; referring clients to or conferring with
other health professionals or associate professionals if required.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2261 Dentists
2262 Pharmacists
2263 Environmental and
Occupational Health and Hygiene Professionals
2264 Physiotherapists
2265 Dieticians and
Nutritionists
2266 Audiologists and
Speech Therapists
2267 Optometrists and
Ophthalmic Opticians
2269 Health
Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
2261 Dentists
Dentists diagnose, treat and prevent diseases,
injuries and abnormalities of the teeth, mouth, jaws and associated tissues by
applying the principles and procedures of modern dentistry. They use a broad
range of specialized diagnostic, surgical and other techniques to promote and
restore oral health.
Tasks include –
(a)
diagnosing diseases, injuries, irregularities and malformations of teeth
and associated structures in the mouth and jaw using a range of methods such as
radiographs, salivary tests and medical histories;
(b)
providing preventative oral health care such as periodontal treatments,
fluoride applications and oral health promotion;
(c)
administering anaesthetics to limit the amount of pain experienced by
patients during procedures;
(d)
prescribing medication for relief of ongoing pain after procedures
(e)
providing restorative oral care such as implants, complex crown and
bridge restorations and orthodontics, and repairing damaged and decayed teeth;
(f)
providing surgical treatments such as extraction of teeth and biopsy of tissue,
and performing orthodontic treatment;
(g)
measuring and taking impressions of patients’ jaws and teeth in order to
determine the shape and size of dental prostheses;
(h)
designing, making, and fitting prosthodontic appliances such as space
maintainers, bridges and dentures, or writing fabrication instructions or
prescriptions for dental prosthetic technicians;
(i)
restoring oral function with removable and fixed oral prostheses;
(j)
assisting in diagnosing general diseases having oral manifestations such
as diabetes;
(k)
educating patients and families on dental hygiene, nutrition and other
measures to take care of oral health;
(l)
supervising dental hygienists, dental assistants and other staff.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Dental practitioner
▪ Dental surgeon
▪ Dentist
▪ Endodontist
▪ Oral and maxillofacial surgeon
▪ Oral pathologist
▪ Orthodontist
▪ Paedodontist
▪ Periodontist
▪ Prosthodontist
▪ Stomatologist
Note
Occupations included in this category normally
require completion of university-level training in theoretical and practical
dentistry or a related field. Although in some countries “stomatology” and “dental,
oral and maxillofacial surgery” may be considered as medical specializations,
occupations in these fields should always be classified here.
2262 Pharmacists
Pharmacists store, preserve, compound and
dispense medicinal products and counsel on the proper use and adverse effects
of drugs and medicines following prescriptions issued by medical doctors and
other health professionals. They contribute to researching, testing, preparing,
prescribing and monitoring medicinal therapies for optimizing human health.
Tasks include –
(a)
receiving prescriptions for medicinal products from medical doctors and
other health professionals, checking patients’ medicine histories, and ensuring
proper dosage and methods of administration and drug compatibility before
dispensing;
(b)
preparing or supervising the preparation and labelling of liquid
medicines, ointments, powders, tablets and other medications to fill
prescriptions;
(c)
providing information and advice to prescribers and clients regarding
drug interactions, incompatibility and contraindications, side effects, dosage
and proper medication storage;
(d)
collaborating with other health care professionals to plan, monitor,
review, and evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the medicine therapy of
individual patients, and the effectiveness of particular drugs or therapies;
(e)
maintaining prescription files and recording the issue of narcotics,
poisons and habit-forming drugs in accordance with legal and professional
requirements;
(f)
storing and preserving vaccines, serums and other drugs subject to
deterioration;
(g)
advising clients on and supplying non-prescription medicines and
diagnostic and therapeutic aids for common conditions;
(h)
supervising and coordinating the work of pharmacy technicians, pharmacy
interns and pharmacy sales assistants;
(i)
conducting research to develop and improve pharmaceuticals, cosmetics
and related chemical products;
(j)
conferring with chemists, engineering professionals and other
professionals about manufacturing techniques and ingredients;
(k)
testing and analysing drugs to determine their identity, purity and
strength in relation to specified standards;
(l)
evaluating labels, packaging and advertising of drug products;
(m) developing information and risks of
particular drugs.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dispensing chemist
▪ Hospital pharmacist
▪ Industrial pharmacist
▪ Retail pharmacist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Pharmacologist – 2131
▪ Pharmaceutical technician – 3213
2263 Environmental and Occupational
Health and Hygiene Professionals
Environmental and occupational health and hygiene
professionals assess, plan and implement programmes to recognize, monitor and
control environmental factors that can potentially affect human health, to
ensure safe and healthy working conditions and to prevent disease or injury
caused by chemical, physical, radiological and biological agents or ergonomic
factors.
Tasks include –
(a)
developing, implementing and reviewing programmes and policies to
minimize potential environmental and occupational risks to health and safety;
(b)
preparing and implementing plans and strategies for the safe, economic
and suitable disposal of commercial, industrial, medical and household wastes;
(c)
implementing prevention programmes and strategies for communicable
diseases, food safety, wastewater treatment and disposal systems, recreation
and domestic water quality, contaminated and hazardous substances;
(d)
identifying, reporting and documenting hazards, and assessing and
controlling risks in the environment and workplace and advising on compliance
with relevant law and regulations;
(e)
developing, implementing and monitoring programmes to minimize workplace
and environmental pollution involving chemical, physical and biological
hazards;
(f)
advising on methods to prevent, eliminate, control, or reduce the exposure
of workers, students, the public and the environment to radiological and other
hazards;
(g)
promoting ergonomic principles within the workplace such as matching
furniture, equipment and work activities to the needs of employees;
(h)
providing education, information, training, and advice to persons at all
levels on aspects of occupational hygiene and environmental health;
(i)
recording and investigating injuries and equipment damage, and reporting
safety performance;
(j)
coordinating arrangements for the compensation, rehabilitation and
return to work of injured workers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Environmental health officer
▪ Occupational health and safety
adviser
▪ Occupational hygienist
▪ Radiation protection expert
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Environmental protection
professionals – 2133
▪ Specialist medical practitioner
(public health) – 2212
▪ Specialist nurse (public health) –
2221
▪ Occupational therapist – 2269
▪ Health inspector – 3257
▪ Occupational health and safety
inspector – 3257
▪ Sanitarian – 3257
▪ Sanitary inspector – 3257
Note
Professionals who assess, plan and implement
programmes to monitor or control the impact of human activities on the
environment are classified in Unit Group 2133: Environmental Protection Professionals.
2264 Physiotherapists
Physiotherapists assess, plan and implement
rehabilitative programmes that improve or restore human motor functions,
maximize movement ability, relieve pain syndromes, and treat or prevent
physical challenges associated with injuries, diseases and other impairments.
They apply a broad range of physical therapies and techniques such as movement,
ultrasound, heating, laser and other techniques.
Tasks include –
(a) administering muscle, nerve, joint functional ability and other tests to identify and assess physical problems of patients;
(b) establishing treatment goals with patients
and designing treatment programmes to reduce physical pain, strengthen muscles,
improve cardiothoracic, cardiovascular and respiratory functions, restore joint
mobility and improve balance and coordination;
(c)
developing, implementing and monitoring programmes and treatments using
the therapeutic properties of exercise, heat, cold, massage, manipulation,
hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, ultraviolet and infra-red light and ultrasound in
the treatment of patients;
(d)
instructing patients and their families in procedures to be continued
outside clinical settings;
(e)
recording information on patients’ health status and responses to
treatment in medical records-keeping systems, and sharing information with
other health professionals as required to ensure continuing and comprehensive
care;
(f)
developing and implementing programmes for screening and prevention of
common physical ailments and disorders;
(g)
supervising the work of physiotherapy assistants and others.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Geriatric physical therapist
▪ Manipulative therapist
▪
Orthopaedic physical therapist
▪ Paediatric physical therapist
▪ Physical therapist
▪
Physiotherapist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Chiropractor – 2269
▪ Occupational therapist – 2269
▪ Osteopath – 2269
▪ Podiatrist – 2269
▪ Acupressure therapist – 3255
▪ Hydrotherapist – 3255
▪ Massage therapist – 3255
▪ Physiotherapy technician – 3255
▪ Shiatsu therapist – 3255
2265 Dieticians and Nutritionists
Dieticians and nutritionists assess, plan and
implement programmes to enhance the impact of food and nutrition on human
health.
Tasks include –
(a) instructing
individuals, families and communities on nutrition, the planning of diets and
preparation of food to maximize health benefits and reduce potential risks to
health;
(b)
planning diets and menus, supervising the preparation and serving of
meals, and monitoring food intake and quality to provide nutritional care in
settings offering food services;
(c)
compiling and assessing data relating to health and nutritional status
of individuals, groups and communities based on nutritional values of food served
or consumed;
(d)
planning and conducting nutrition assessments, intervention programmes,
and education and training to improve nutritional levels among individuals and
communities;
(e)
consulting with other health professionals and care providers to manage
the dietary and nutritional needs of patients;
(f)
developing and evaluating food and nutrition products to meet
nutritional requirements;
(g)
conducting research on nutrition and disseminating the findings at
scientific conferences and in other settings.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Clinical dietician
▪ Food service dietician
▪ Nutritionist
▪ Public health nutritionist
▪ Sports nutritionist
2266 Audiologists and Speech Therapists
Audiologists and speech therapists evaluate,
manage and treat physical disorders affecting human hearing, speech,
communication and swallowing. They prescribe corrective devices or
rehabilitative therapies for hearing loss, speech disorders and related sensory
and neural problems, and provide counselling on hearing safety and
communication performance.
Tasks include –
(a)
evaluating hearing, speech and language performance in patients to
determine the nature of hearing and communication disorders;
(b)
administering hearing or speech/language tests or other
examinations using specialized
diagnostic instruments and equipment, and interpreting test results alongside
other medical, social and behavioural diagnostic data to determine appropriate
courses of treatment;
(c)
planning, directing and participating in counselling, screening, speech
rehabilitation and other programmes related to hearing and communication;
(d)
prescribing hearing aids and other assistive devices according to
patients’ needs and instructing them in their use;
(e)
planning and conducting treatment programmes to manage physical
disorders affecting speech and swallowing;
(f)
counselling and guiding hearing and/or language-impaired individuals,
their families, teachers and employers;
(g)
referring patients and families to additional medical or educational
services if needed.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Audiologist
▪ Language therapist
▪ Speech pathologist
▪ Speech therapist
2267 Optometrists and Ophthalmic
Opticians
Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians provide
diagnosis, management and treatment services for disorders of the eyes and
visual system. They counsel on eye care and prescribe optical aids or other
therapies for visual disturbance.
Tasks include –
(a)
examining patients’ eyes and conducting diagnostic tests to assess
ocular health and determine the nature and extent of vision problems and
abnormalities;
(b)
testing visual function using specialized instruments and equipment for
measuring visual acuity and refractive error, function of visual pathways,
visual fields, eye movements, freedom of vision and intraocular pressure;
(c)
detecting, diagnosing and managing eye disease, including prescribing
medications for treatment;
(d)
consulting with and referring patients to ophthalmologists or other
health professionals if additional medical treatment is necessary;
(e)
detecting and diagnosing eye movement disorders and defects of binocular
function, and planning and managing treatment programmes, including counselling
patients in eye exercises to coordinate movement and focusing of eyes;
(f)
prescribing corrective eyeglasses, contact lenses and other vision aids,
and checking optical devices for performance, safety, comfort and lifestyle;
(g)
advising on visual health matters such as contact lens care, vision care
for the elderly, optics, visual ergonomics, and occupational and industrial eye
safety.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Ophthalmic optician
▪ Optometrist
▪ Orthoptist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Ophthalmologist – 2212
▪ Dispensing optician – 3254
2269 Health Professionals Not Elsewhere
Classified
This unit group covers health professionals not
classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 22: Health Professionals. For instance,
the group includes occupations such as podiatrist, occupational therapist,
recreational therapist, chiropractor, osteopath and other professionals
providing diagnostic, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health services.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
interviewing patients and conducting diagnostic tests to determine their
health status, functional limitations, and the nature of physical or mental
disorders, illnesses or other health problems;
(b)
developing and implementing treatment plans for injuries, illnesses and
other physical and mental impairments;
(c)
evaluating and documenting patients’ progress through treatment plans,
and referring patients and families to medical doctors or other health care
providers for specialized, rehabilitative or other care services as needed;
(d)
administering therapeutic care and treatment to patients, including
through application of manual and physical chiropractic and osteopathic
techniques;
(e)
recommending environmental adaptations in the home, leisure, work and
school environments on an individual or group basis to enable individuals with
functional limitations to perform their daily activities and occupations;
(f)
planning and implementing therapeutic programmes on an individual and
group basis for improving and maintaining physical, cognitive, emotional and
social functioning, including through the use of arts and crafts, dance and
movement, music and other recreational activities;
(g)
identifying and prescribing treatments for conditions affecting the
foot, ankle and related structures of the leg due to illness, disease or other
physical impairment, and prescribing corrective footwear and advising on foot
care to manage foot ailments;
(h)
performing minor surgical procedures such as on the foot and ankles.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Arts therapist
▪ Chiropractor
▪ Dance and movement therapist
▪ Occupational therapist
▪ Osteopath
▪ Podiatrist
▪ Recreational therapist
Note
Although in some jurisdictions chiropractic and
osteopathy are considered to have the attributes of medical specializations,
practitioners in these disciplines should always be classified here.
Sub-major Group 23
Teaching Professionals
Teaching professionals teach the theory and
practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels; conduct
research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods
pertaining to their particular discipline; and prepare scholarly papers and
books. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group
requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: conducting
classes, courses, or tutorials at a particular educational level for
educational and vocational purposes, including private lessons; conducting
adult literacy programmes; teaching and educating persons with learning
difficulties or special needs; designing and modifying curricula; inspecting
and advising on teaching methods and aids; participating in decisions
concerning the organization of teaching
and related activities at schools and universities; conducting research
in particular subjects to improve or develop concepts, theories or operational
methods for application in industrial and other fields; preparing scholarly
papers and books. Supervision of other
workers may be included.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor group:
231 University and
Higher Education Teachers
232 Vocational
Education Teachers
233 Secondary
Education Teachers
234 Primary School and
Early Childhood Teachers
235 Other Teaching
Professionals
Minor
Group 231
University
and Higher Education Teachers
University and higher education teachers
prepare and deliver lectures and conduct tutorials in one or more subjects
within a prescribed course of study at a university or other higher educational
institution. They conduct research, and
prepare scholarly papers and books
Tasks performed usually include: designing and
modifying curricula and preparing courses of study in accordance with
requirements; preparing and delivering lectures and conducting tutorials,
seminars and laboratory experiments; stimulating discussion and independent
thought among students; supervising, where appropriate, experimental and
practical work undertaken by students; administering, evaluating and marking
examination papers and tests; directing research of postgraduate students or
other members of department; researching into and developing concepts, theories
and operational methods for application in industrial and other fields; preparing
scholarly books, papers or articles; participating in departmental and faculty
meetings and in conferences and seminars;
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
2310 University and
Higher Education Teachers
2310 University and Higher
Education Teachers
University and higher education teachers
prepare and deliver lectures and conduct tutorials in one or more subjects
within a prescribed course of study at a university or other higher educational
institution. They conduct research, and prepare scholarly papers and books.
Tasks include –
(a)
designing and modifying curricula and preparing courses of study in
accordance with requirements;
(b)
preparing and delivering lectures and conducting tutorials, seminars and
laboratory experiments;
(c)
stimulating discussion and independent thought among students;
(d)
supervising, where appropriate, experimental and practical work
undertaken by students;
(e)
administering, evaluating and marking examination papers and tests;
(f)
directing research of postgraduate students or other members of
department;
(g)
researching into and developing concepts, theories and operational
methods for application in industrial and other fields;
(h)
preparing scholarly books, papers or articles;
(i)
participating in departmental and faculty meetings and in conferences
and seminars.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Higher education lecturer
▪ Professor
▪ University lecturer
▪ University tutor
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ University chancellor – 1120
▪ Dean (university)–1345
▪ Higher education faculty head –
1345
▪ Vocational education teacher –
2320
Minor
Group 232
Vocational
Education Teachers
Vocational education teachers teach or instruct
vocational or occupational subjects in adult and further education institutions
and to senior students in secondary schools and colleges. They prepare students
for employment in specific occupations or occupational areas for which
university or higher education is not normally required.
Tasks performed usually include: developing
curricula and planning course content and methods of instruction; determining
training needs of students or workers and liaising with individuals, industry
and other education sectors to ensure provision of relevant education and
training programmes; presenting lectures and conducting discussions to increase
students’ knowledge and competence; instructing and monitoring students in the
use of tools, equipment and materials and the prevention of injury and damage;
observing and evaluating students’ work to determine progress, provide feedback
and make suggestions for improvement; administering oral, written or performance tests to measure
progress, evaluate training effectiveness and assess competency; preparing reports and maintaining records such as
student grades, attendance rolls and training activity details; supervising
independent or group projects, field placements, laboratory work or other
training; providing individualized instruction and tutorial or remedial
instruction; conducting on-the-job training sessions to teach and demonstrate
principles, techniques, procedures or methods of designated subjects.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
2320 Vocational
Education Teachers
2320 Vocational Education Teachers
Vocational education teachers teach or instruct
vocational or occupational subjects in adult and further education institutions
and to senior students in secondary schools and colleges. They prepare students
for employment in specific occupations or occupational areas for which
university or higher education is not normally required.
Tasks include –
(a)
developing curricula and planning course content and methods of instruction;
(b)
determining training needs of students or workers and liaising with
individuals, industry and other education sectors to ensure provision of
relevant education and training programmes;
(c)
presenting lectures and conducting discussions to increase students’
knowledge and competence;
(d)
instructing and monitoring students in the use of tools, equipment and
materials and the prevention of injury and damage;
(e)
observing and evaluating students’ work to determine progress, provide
feedback and make suggestions for improvement;
(f)
administering oral, written or performance tests to measure progress,
evaluate training effectiveness and assess competency;
(g)
preparing reports and maintaining records such as student grades,
attendance rolls and training activity details;
(h)
supervising independent or group projects, field placements, laboratory
work or other training;
(i)
providing individualized instruction and tutorial or remedial
instruction;
(j)
conducting on-the-job training sessions to teach and demonstrate
principles, techniques, procedures or methods of designated subjects.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Automotive technology instructor
▪ Cosmetology instructor
▪ Vocational education teacher
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ School principal – 1345
▪ Secondary education teacher – 2330
Notes
Those who teach vocational subjects that are
intended to prepare students for employment in a particular occupational group
should be classified in Unit Group 2320: Vocational Education Teachers, whether
they work in a general secondary school or in a vocational or technical school
or college. Those who teach, at
secondary education level, subjects such as mathematics that do not aim to
prepare students for employment in a specific occupational area, should be
classified in Unit Group 2330: Secondary Education Teachers, even if they are
employed in a vocational or technical college.
Minor
Group 233
Secondary
Education Teachers
Secondary education teachers teach one or more
subjects at secondary education level, excluding subjects intended to prepare
students for employment in specific occupational areas.
Tasks performed usually include: designing and
modifying curricula and preparing educational courses of study in accordance
with curriculum guidelines; establishing and enforcing rules for behaviour and
procedures for maintaining order among students; preparing and giving lessons,
discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects; establishing clear
objectives for all lessons, units and projects and communicating those
objectives to students; preparing materials and classrooms for class
activities; adapting teaching methods and instructional materials to meet
students’ varying needs and interests; observing and evaluating students’
performance and behaviour; preparing, administering and marking tests, assignments and examinations to evaluate
pupils’ progress; preparing reports about pupils’ work and conferring with other
teachers and parents; participating in meetings concerning the school’s
educational or organizational policies; planning, organizing and participating
in school activities such as excursions, sporting events and concerts.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
2330 Secondary
Education Teachers
2330 Secondary Education Teachers
Secondary education teachers teach one or more
subjects at secondary education level, excluding subjects intended to prepare
students for employment in specific occupational areas.
Tasks include –
(a)
designing and modifying curricula and preparing educational courses of
study in accordance with curriculum guidelines;
(b)
establishing and enforcing rules for behaviour and procedures for maintaining
order among students;
(c)
preparing and giving lessons, discussions, and demonstrations in one or
more subjects;
(d)
establishing clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects and
communicating those objectives to students;
(e)
preparing materials and classrooms for class activities;
(f)
adapting teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students’
varying needs and interests;
(g)
observing and evaluating students’ performance and behaviour;
(h)
preparing, administering and marking tests, assignments and examinations to evaluate
pupils' progress;
(i)
preparing reports about pupils’ work and conferring with other teachers
and parents;
(j)
participating in meetings concerning the school’s educational or
organizational policies;
(k)
planning, organizing and participating in school activities such as
excursions, sporting events and concerts.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Secondary school teacher
▪ High school teacher
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Head teacher – 1345
▪ School principal – 1345
▪ Vocational education teacher – 2320
▪ Schools inspector – 2351
▪ Literacy tutor (private tuition) –
2359
▪ Mathematics coach (private
tuition) – 2359
▪ School counsellor – 2359
Notes
Those who teach vocational subjects that are
intended to prepare students for employment in a particular occupational group
should be classified in Unit Group 2320: Vocational Education Teachers, whether
they work in a general secondary school or in a
vocational or technical school or college. Those who teach, at secondary education
level, subjects such as mathematics that do not aim to prepare students for
employment in a specific occupational area, should be classified in Unit Group
2330: Secondary Education Teachers, even if they are employed in a vocational
or technical college.
Minor
Group 234
Primary
School and Early Childhood Teachers
Primary school and early childhood teachers
teach a range of subjects at the primary level of education and organize
educational activities for children below primary school age.
Tasks performed usually include: preparing
programmes of learning and giving instruction in a range of subjects at the
primary education level, planning and organizing activities designed to facilitate
children’s development of language, physical and social skills; preparing
reports. Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2341 Primary School
Teachers
2342 Early Childhood
Educators
2341 Primary School Teachers
Primary school teachers teach a range of
subjects at the primary education level.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing daily and longer term lesson plans in accordance with
curriculum guidelines;
(b)
instructing children individually and in groups, using various teaching
methods and materials (e.g. computers, books, games), adapting to children’s
varying needs;
(c)
maintaining discipline and good working habits in the classroom;
(d)
planning and conducting activities with the children such as sporting
activities, concerts and excursions;
(e)
assigning and grading class work and homework;
(f)
preparing, administering and grading tests and assignments to evaluate
children’s progress;
(g)
observing and evaluating children’s performance and behaviour;
(h)
supervising children during classes and at other times in the school
day, including the playground during breaks;
(i)
participating in staff meetings and other sessions, and conferring with
other teachers concerning educational issues;
(j)
preparing for and attending parent meetings to discuss children’s
progress and problems.
Example of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Primary school teacher
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Head teacher – 1345
▪ School principal – 1345
▪ Schools inspector – 2351
2342 Early Childhood Educators
Early childhood educators promote the social,
physical, and intellectual development of children below primary school age
through the provision of educational and play activities.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning and organizing individual and group activities designed to
facilitate the development of children’s motor, cooperative and social skills,
confidence and understanding;
(b)
promoting language development through storytelling, role play, songs,
rhymes and informal conversations and discussions;
(c)
leading children in activities that provide opportunities for creative
expression through the media of art, dramatic play, music and physical fitness;
(d) observing
children in order to evaluate progress and to detect signs of developmental,
emotional or health-related problems;
(e)
observing and assessing nutritional health, welfare and safety needs of
students and identifying factors which may impede students’ progress;
(f)
supervising children’s activities to ensure safety and resolve
conflicts;
(g)
guiding and assisting children in the development of proper eating,
dressing and toilet habits;
(h)
discussing progress or problems of children with parents and other staff
members and identifying appropriate actions and referrals to other services;
(i)
establishing and maintaining collaborative relationships with other
service providers working with young children.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Early childhood educator
▪ Pre-school teacher
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Child care centre manager – 1341
▪ Child care worker – 5311
Minor
Group 235
Other
Teaching Professionals
Other teaching professionals conduct research
and advise on teaching methods; teach people with learning difficulties or
special needs; teach non-native languages for migration and related purposes;
give private tuition; teach arts, information technology and other subjects
outside the mainstream primary, secondary and higher education systems; and
provide other teaching services not classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 23:
Teaching Professionals.
Tasks performed usually include: conducting
research and developing or advising on teaching methods, courses and aids;
teaching physically handicapped children, young persons or adults or those with
learning difficulties or other with special needs, teaching non-native
languages for migration purposes; teaching students in practice, theory and performance
of music, drama, dance, visual and other arts; developing, scheduling and
conducting training programmes and courses for information technology users.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2351 Education Methods
Specialists
2352 Special Needs
Teachers
2353 Other Language
Teachers
2354 Other Music Teachers
2355 Other Arts
Teachers
2356 Information
Technology Trainers
2359 Teaching
Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
2351 Education Methods Specialists
Education methods specialists conduct research
and develop or advise on teaching methods, courses and aids. They review and
examine teachers’ work, the functioning of educational institutions and the
results achieved and recommend changes and improvements.
Tasks include –
(a)
researching into current developments in curricula, teaching methods and
other educational practices, and advising on necessary changes and possible
improvements;
(b)
evaluating and advising on contents of courses and methods of
examination;
(c)
researching into audiovisual and other teaching aids and advising on,
planning and organizing their introduction in educational establishments;
(d)
documenting subjects and courses developed, and evaluating new courses;
(e) providing
ongoing professional development, training and consultative services to
teachers;
(f)
organizing and conducting workshops and conferences to train teachers in
new programmes and methods;
(g)
developing the structure, content and objectives of new educational
courses and programmes;
(h)
visiting schools periodically and conferring with administrative and
teaching staff on questions relating to curricula, teaching methods, equipment
and other matters;
(i)
visiting classrooms to observe teaching techniques and to evaluate
teachers’ performance and scholastic results obtained;
(j)
preparing reports and making recommendations to educational authorities
concerning possible changes and improvements in curricula, teaching methods,
and other matters.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Curriculum coordinator
▪ Curriculum developer
▪ Education methods specialist
▪ Schools inspector
▪ Teaching aids specialist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ School counsellor – 2359
▪ Student adviser – 2359
▪ Educational psychologist – 2634
2352 Special Needs Teachers
Special needs teachers teach physically or
mentally handicapped children, young persons or adults, or those with learning difficulties
or other special needs. They promote the social, emotional, intellectual and
physical development of their students.
Tasks include –
(a)
assessing students’ abilities and limitations with regard to
intellectual, physical, social and emotional impairments, exceptional
intellectual gifts, or other special situations;
(b)
designing or modifying curricula and preparing and delivering
programmes, lessons and activities adapted to students’ abilities and needs;
(c)
giving instruction on an individual or group basis using special
techniques or aids appropriate to students’ needs;
(d)
employing special educational strategies and techniques during
instruction to improve the development of sensory- and perceptual-motor skills,
language, cognition and memory;
(e)
establishing and enforcing rules for behaviour and policies and
procedures to maintain order among students;
(f)
teaching academic subjects and practical and self-help skills to
students with hearing, sight and other impairments;
(g)
stimulating and developing students’ confidence, interests, abilities,
manual skills and coordination;
(h)
conferring with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons for
special needs students;
(i)
preparing and maintaining student data and other records and submitting
reports;
(j)
administering various forms of assessment and evaluating progress of
each student;
(k)
conferring with students, parents, head teachers and other relevant
professionals involved in the students’ care to develop individual educational
plans designed to promote students’ development.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Learning
disabilities special education teacher
▪ Learning support teacher
▪ Remedial teacher
▪ Teacher of gifted children
▪ Teacher of the hearing impaired
▪ Teacher of the sight impaired
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Vocational education teacher –
2320
▪ Secondary school teacher – 2330
▪ Primary school teacher – 2341
2353 Other Language Teachers
Other language teachers teach non-native
languages to adults and children who are learning a language for reasons of
migration, to fulfil employment requirements or opportunities, to facilitate
participation in educational programmes delivered in a foreign language, or for
personal enrichment. They work outside the mainstream primary, secondary and
higher education systems, or in support of students and teachers within those
systems.
Tasks include –
(a)
assessing the level of ability and the extent of language difficulties
of students, and establishing students’
needs and learning goals;
(b)
planning, preparing and delivering lessons and workshops for groups and
individuals, with content and rate of progression adapted to students’
abilities and needs;
(c)
designing and producing teaching materials and adapting existing
materials;
(d)
assessing students’ progress;
(e)
assisting students in classroom settings where subjects are taught in a
language other than the students’ native language;
(f)
providing assistance to other teachers by designing special teaching
programmes for students still learning the main language of instruction;
(g)
assigning and correcting work, and preparing and grading exams;
(h)
assessing, recording and reporting on students’ progress.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Intensive language teacher
▪ Migrant education teacher
▪ Practical language teacher
▪ Second language teacher
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ University lecturer – 2310
▪ Vocational education teacher – 2320
▪ Secondary school teacher – 2330
▪ Primary school teacher – 2341
2354 Other Music Teachers
Other music teachers teach students in the
practice, theory and performance of music outside the mainstream primary,
secondary and higher education systems, but may provide private or small group
tuition as an extracurricular activity in association with mainstream
educational institutions.
Tasks include –
(a)
assessing the students’ level of ability and determining needs and
learning goals;
(b)
planning, preparing and delivering programmes of study, lessons and
workshops for individual students and groups;
(c)
preparing and presenting material on the theory and interpretation of
music;
(d)
instructing and demonstrating practical aspects of singing or of playing
a particular instrument;
(e)
teaching students to read and write musical notation;
(f)
assigning exercises and teaching pieces of music relevant to students’
level of ability, interests and talents;
(g)
assessing students and offering advice, criticism and encouragement;
(h)
revising curricula, course content, course materials and methods of
instruction;
(i)
preparing students for examinations, performances and assessments;
(j)
arranging visits and tours to musical performances;
(k)
organizing and assisting in auditions or performances of students’ work.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Guitar teacher (private tuition)
▪ Piano teacher (private tuition)
▪ Singing teacher (private tuition)
▪ Violin teacher (private tuition)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ University lecturer – 2310
▪ Vocational education teacher – 2320
▪ Secondary school teacher – 2330
▪ Primary school teacher – 2341
Notes
Regular secondary and primary school teachers who
teach music are classified in Unit Groups 2330: Secondary Education Teachers,
and 2341: Primary School Teachers respectively.
2355 Other Arts Teachers
Other arts teachers teach students in the
practice, theory and performance of dance, drama, visual and other arts
(excluding music) outside the mainstream primary, secondary and higher
education systems, but may provide private or small group tuition as an
extracurricular activity in association with mainstream educational
institutions
Tasks include –
(a)
assessing the students’ level of ability and determining learning needs;
(b)
planning, preparing and delivering programmes of study, lessons and
workshops for individual students and groups;
(c) preparing
and presenting material on the theory of the subject area being studied;
(d)
instructing and demonstrating practical aspects of drama, dance, visual
or other arts;
(e)
assigning exercises and work relevant to students’ level of ability,
interests and talents;
(f)
assessing students and offering advice, criticism and encouragement;
(g)
revising curricula, course content, course materials and methods of
instruction;
(h)
preparing students for examinations, performance and assessments;
(i) arranging
visits and tours to exhibitions and
performances;
(j)
organizing and assisting in performances or exhibitions of students’
work.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dance teacher (private tuition)
▪ Drama teacher (private tuition)
▪ Painting teacher (private tuition)
▪ Sculpture teacher (private tuition)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ University lecturer – 2310
▪ Vocational education teacher – 2320
▪ Secondary school teacher – 2330
▪ Primary school teacher – 2341
▪ Private music teacher – 2354
Note
Regular secondary and primary school teachers who
teach arts subjects are classified in Unit Groups 2330: Secondary Education Teachers,
and 2341: Primary School Teachers respectively.
2356 Information Technology Trainers
Information technology trainers develop,
schedule and conduct training programmes and courses for computer and other
information technology users outside the mainstream primary, secondary and
higher education systems.
Tasks include –
(a)
identifying the information technology training needs and requirements
of individual users and organizations;
(b)
preparing and developing instructional training material and aids such
as handbooks, visual aids, online tutorials, demonstration models and
supporting training reference documentation;
(c)
designing, coordinating, scheduling and conducting training and
development programmes that can be delivered in the form of individual and
group instruction, and facilitating workshop meetings, demonstrations and
conferences;
(d)
monitoring and performing ongoing evaluation and assessment of training
quality and effectiveness, and reviewing and modifying training objectives,
methods and course deliverables;
(e)
gathering, investigating and researching background materials to gain a
full understanding of the subject matter and systems;
(f)
keeping up to date with new product version releases, advances in
software and general information technology trends, writing end user products
and materials such as user training, tutorial and instruction manuals, online
help, and operating and maintenance instructions.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Computer trainer
▪ Software trainer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ University lecturer – 2310
▪ Vocational education teacher – 2320
▪ Secondary school teacher – 2330
▪ Primary school teacher – 2341
▪ Staff development officer – 2424
2359 Teaching Professionals Not
Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers teaching professionals
not classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 23: Teaching Professionals. For
instance, the group includes those who provide private tuition in subjects
other than foreign languages and the arts, and those who provide educational
counselling to students.
In such cases tasks performed would include –
(a)
assessing students’ level of ability and determining learning needs;
(b)
planning, preparing and delivering programmes of study, lessons and
workshops for individual students and groups;
(c)
preparing and presenting material on the theory of the subject area
being studied;
(d)
instructing and demonstrating practical aspects of the subject area
being studied;
(e)
assigning exercises and work relevant to students’ level of ability,
interests and aptitude;
(f)
assessing students and offering advice, criticism and encouragement;
(g)
revising curricula, course content, course materials and methods of
instruction;
(h)
preparing students for examinations and assessments;
(i)
counselling students regarding educational issues such as course and
programme selection, class scheduling, school adjustment, truancy, study habits
and career planning;
(j)
counselling students to help them understand and overcome personal,
social or behavioural problems affecting their education;
(k)
preparing students for later educational experiences by encouraging them
to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Literacy tutor (private tuition)
▪ Mathematics coach (private tuition)
▪ School counsellor
▪ Student adviser
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ University lecturer – 2310
▪ Vocational education teacher –
2320
▪ Secondary school teacher – 2330
▪ Primary school teacher – 2341
▪ Intensive language teacher – 2353
▪ Migrant education teacher – 2353
▪ Music teacher (private tuition) –
2354
▪ Dance teacher (private tuition) –
2355
▪ Drama teacher (private tuition) – 2355
▪ Painting teacher (private tuition)
– 2355
▪ Sculpture teacher (private
tuition) –2355
▪ Educational psychologist – 2634
▪ Family counsellor – 2635
▪ Social worker – 2635
Sub-major Group 24
Business and Administration
Professionals
Business and administration professionals
perform analytical, conceptual and practical tasks to provide services in
financial matters, human resource development, public relations, marketing and
sales in the technical, medical, information and communications technology
areas; and conduct reviews of organizational structures, methods and systems as
well as quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programmes.
Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires
skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: collecting, analysing and interpreting information on
the financial viability, cost structures and trading effectiveness of
organizations; conducting audits, preparing financial statements and
controlling treasury systems for organizations; developing and reviewing
financial plans and strategies, executing buy and sell orders, and negotiating
the purchase and sale of commodities; developing, implementing and evaluating
staff recruitment, training and development programmes; researching, developing
and implementing marketing and public relations campaigns; studying and
developing methods and policies to improve and promote government and business
operations and effectiveness; acquiring and updating knowledge of employers’
and competitors’ goods and services, and of market conditions; assessing
customers’ needs and explaining and demonstrating goods and services to them.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor group:
241 Finance
Professionals
242 Administration
Professionals
243 Sales, Marketing
and Public Relations Professionals
Minor
Group 241
Finance
Professionals
Finance professionals plan, develop, organize,
administer, invest, manage and conduct quantitative analyses of either
financial accounting systems or funds for individuals, establishments and
public or private institutions.
Tasks performed usually include: preparing and
organizing financial statements for an organization; reviewing financial
materials of an organization; providing financial advice to individuals and
organizations; preparing analytic reports concerning segments of the economy
and the economy as a whole.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2411 Accountants
2412 Financial and
Investment Advisers
2413 Financial
Analysts
2411 Accountants
Accountants plan, organize and administer
accounting systems for individuals and establishments. Some occupations
classified here examine and analyse the accounting and financial records of
individuals and establishments to ensure accuracy and compliance with
established accounting standards and procedures.
Tasks include –
(a)
advising on, planning and installing budgetary, accounts controlling and
other accounting policies and systems;
(b)
preparing and certifying financial statements for presentation to
management, shareholders and statutory or other bodies;
(c)
preparing tax returns, advising on taxation problems and contesting
disputed claims before tax officials;
(d)
preparing or reporting on profit forecasts and budgets;
(e)
conducting financial investigations in such matters as suspected fraud,
insolvency and bankruptcy;
(f)
auditing accounts and bookkeeping records;
(g)
conducting investigations and advising management on financial aspects
of productivity, stockholdings, sales, new products, etc.;
(h)
devising and controlling systems to determine unit cost of products and
services.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Accountant
▪ Auditor
▪ Certified accountant
▪ Chartered accountant
▪
Financial controller
▪ Insolvency trustee
▪ Management accountant
▪ Tax accountant
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Finance manager – 1211
▪ Accounting assistant – 3313
▪ Bookkeeper – 3313
2412 Financial
and Investment Advisers
Financial and investment advisers develop
financial plans for individuals and organizations, and invest and manage funds
on their behalf.
Tasks include –
(a)
building and maintaining a client base;
(b)
interviewing clients to determine financial status and objectives, risk tolerance
and other information needed to develop financial plans and investment
strategies;
(c)
setting financial objectives, and developing and implementing strategies
for achieving them;
(d)
arranging to buy and sell stocks and bonds for clients;
(e)
monitoring investment performance, and reviewing and revising investment
plans based on modified needs and changes in markets;
(f)
recommending and arranging insurance cover for clients.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Estate planner
▪ Financial planner
▪ Investment adviser
2413 Financial Analysts
Financial analysts conduct quantitative
analyses of information affecting investment programmes of public or private
institutions.
Tasks include –
(a) analysing
financial information to produce forecasts of business, industry and economic
conditions for use in making investment decisions;
(b)
maintaining knowledge and staying abreast of developments in the fields
of industrial technology, business, finance and economic theory;
(c)
interpreting data affecting investment programmes such as price, yield,
stability, future trends in investment risks and economic influences;
(d)
monitoring economic, industrial and corporate developments through
analysis of information obtained from financial publications and services,
investment banking firms, government agencies, trade publications, company
sources and personal interviews;
(e)
recommending investments and investment timing to companies, investment
firm staff or the investing public;
(f)
determining the prices at which securities should be syndicated and
offered to the public;
(g)
preparing plans of action for investment based on financial analyses;
(h)
evaluating and comparing the relative quality of various securities in a
given industry;
(i)
presenting oral and written reports on general economic trends,
individual corporations and entire industries.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bond analyst
▪ Investment analyst
▪ Securities consultant
Minor
Group 242
Administration
Professionals
Administration professionals apply various
concepts and theories related to improving the effectiveness of organizations
and the individuals within the organization.
Tasks performed usually include: evaluating the structure of organizations and
suggesting areas of improvement; ensuring that the operational activities of an
organization are consistent with the policy objectives of the organization;
recruiting, training, developing and counselling personnel within an
organization.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2421 Management and Organization
Analysts
2422 Policy Administration
Professionals
2423 Personnel and Careers
Professionals
2424 Training and Staff
Development Professionals
2421 Management and Organization
Analysts
Management and organization analysts assist
organizations to achieve greater efficiency and solve organizational problems.
They study organizational structures, methods, systems and procedures.
Tasks include –
(a)
assisting and encouraging the development of objectives, strategies and
plans aimed at achieving customer satisfaction and the efficient use of
organizations’ resources;
(b) analysing
and evaluating current systems and structures;
(c)
discussing current systems with staff and observing systems at all
levels of organization;
(d)
directing clients towards more efficient organization and developing
solutions to organizational problems;
(e)
undertaking and reviewing work studies by analysing existing and
proposed methods and procedures such as administrative and clerical procedures;
(f)
recording and analysing organizations’ workflow charts, records, reports,
manuals and job descriptions;
(g)
preparing and recommending proposals to revise methods and procedures,
alter work flows, redefine job functions and resolve organizational problems;
(h)
assisting in implementing approved recommendations, issuing revised
instructions and procedure manuals and drafting other documentation;
(i)
reviewing operating procedures and advising of departures from
procedures and standards.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Business consultant
▪ Management consultant
▪ Organization and methods analyst
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Business analyst (IT) – 2511
2422 Policy Administration Professionals
Policy administration professionals develop and
analyse policies guiding the design, implementation and modification of
government and commercial operations and programmes.
Tasks include –
(a) liaising and consulting with programme
administrators and other interested parties to identify policy needs;
(b)
reviewing existing policies and legislation to identify anomalies and
out-of-date provisions;
(c) researching social, economic and industrial
trends, and client expectations of programmes and services provided;
(d)
formulating and analysing policy options, preparing briefing papers and
recommendations for policy changes and advising on preferred options;
(e)
assessing impacts, financial implications, interactions with other
programmes and political and administrative feasibility of policies;
(f)
conducting threat and risk assessments and developing responses;
(g)
reviewing operations and programmes to ensure consistency with policies
of the organization.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Intelligence officer
▪ Policy analyst
▪ Political adviser
2423 Personnel and Careers Professionals
Personnel and careers professionals provide
professional business services related to personnel policies such as employee
recruitment or development, occupational analysis and vocational guidance.
Tasks include –
(a) advising on and performing personnel
functions relating to employee recruitment, placement, training, promotion,
compensation and employee–management relations or other areas of personnel
policy;
(b)
studying and analysing jobs performed in an establishment by various
means, including interviews with workers, supervisors and management, and
writing detailed position, job or occupation descriptions from information
obtained;
(c)
preparing occupational information or working on occupational
classification systems;
(d)
advising and working on the foregoing and other aspects of job and
occupational analysis in such fields as
personnel administration, workforce research and planning, training or
occupational information and vocational guidance;
(e)
studying and advising individuals on employment opportunities, career
choices and further education or training that may be desirable.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Careers adviser
▪ Human resource expert
▪ Job analyst
▪ Outplacement expert
▪ Occupational analyst
▪ Personnel specialist
▪ Recruitment officer
▪ Vocational guidance counsellor
2424 Training and Staff Development
Professionals
Training and staff development professionals
plan, develop, implement and evaluate training and development programmes to
ensure management and staff acquire the skills and develop the competencies
required by organizations to meet organizational objectives.
Tasks include –
(a)
identifying training needs and requirements of individuals and
organizations;
(b)
setting human resource development objectives and evaluating learning
outcomes;
(c)
preparing and developing instructional training material and aids such
as handbooks, visual aids, online tutorials, demonstration models and
supporting training reference documentation;
(d)
designing, coordinating, scheduling and conducting training and
development programmes that can be delivered in the form of individual and
group instruction, and facilitating workshops, meetings, demonstrations and
conferences;
(e)
liaising with external training providers to arrange delivery of
specific training and development programmes;
(f)
promoting internal and external training and development, and evaluating
these promotional activities;
(g)
monitoring and performing ongoing evaluation and assessment of internal
and external training quality and effectiveness, and reviewing and modifying
training objectives, methods and course deliverables;
(h)
gathering, investigating and researching background materials to gain an
understanding of various subject matters and systems.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Staff development officer
▪ Training officer
▪ Workforce development specialist
Minor
Group 243
Sales,
Marketing and Public Relations Professionals
Sales, marketing and public relations
professionals plan, develop, coordinate and implement programmes of information
dissemination to promote organizations, goods and services; and represent
companies in selling a range of technical, industrial, medical, pharmaceutical
and ICT goods and services.
Tasks performed usually include: commissioning
and undertaking market research, analysing the findings and planning
advertising, marketing and public relations activities; supporting business
growth and development through the preparation and execution of marketing
objectives, policies and programmes; planning and organizing publicity
campaigns; appraising and selecting material submitted by writers,
photographers, illustrators and others to create favourable publicity;
acquiring and updating knowledge of employers’ and competitors’ goods and
services, and of market conditions; assessing customers’ needs and explaining
and demonstrating goods and services to them; visiting regular and prospective
client businesses to establish and act on marketing opportunities; quoting and
negotiating prices and credit terms, and completing contracts.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2431 Advertising and
Marketing Professionals
2432 Public Relations
Professionals
2433 Technical and
Medical Sales Professionals (excluding ICT)
2434 Information and
Communications Technology Sales Professionals
2431 Advertising and Marketing
Professionals
Advertising and marketing professionals develop
and coordinate advertising strategies and campaigns, determine the market for
new goods and services, and identify and develop market opportunities for new
and existing goods and services.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning, developing and organizing advertising policies and campaigns
to support sales objectives;
(b)
advising managers and clients on strategies and campaigns to reach
target markets, creating consumer awareness and effectively promoting the
attributes of goods and services;
(c)
writing advertising copy and media scripts, and arranging television and
film production and media placement;
(d)
collecting and analysing data regarding consumer patterns and
preferences;
(e)
interpreting and predicting current and future consumer trends;
(f)
researching potential demand and market characteristics for new goods
and services;
(g)
supporting business growth and development through the preparation and
execution of marketing objectives, policies and programmes;
(h)
commissioning and undertaking market research to identify market
opportunities for new and existing goods and services;
(i)
advising on all elements of marketing such as product mix, pricing,
advertising and sales promotion, selling and distribution channels.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Advertising specialist
▪ Marketing specialist
▪ Market research analyst
2432 Public Relations Professionals
Public relations professionals plan, develop,
implement and evaluate information and communication strategies that create an
understanding and a favourable view of businesses and other organizations,
their goods and services, and their role in the community.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning and organizing publicity campaigns and communication
strategies;
(b)
advising executives on the public relations implications of their
policies, programmes and practices, and preparing and controlling the issue of
news and press releases;
(c)
undertaking and commissioning public opinion research, analysing the
findings and planning public relations and promotional campaigns;
(d)
organizing special events, seminars, entertainment, competitions and
social functions to promote goodwill and favourable publicity;
(e)
representing organizations and arranging interviews with publicity
media;
(f)
attending business, social and other functions to promote the
organization;
(g)
commissioning and obtaining photographs and other illustrative material;
(h)
selecting, appraising and revising material submitted by publicity
writers, photographers, illustrators and others to create favourable publicity.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Publicity agent
▪ Public relations copy writer
▪ Public relations officer
▪ Press liaison officer
2433 Technical and Medical Sales
Professionals (excluding ICT)
Technical and medical sales professionals
(excluding ICT) represent companies in selling a range of industrial, medical
and pharmaceutical goods and services to industrial, business, professional and
other establishments.
Tasks include –
(a)
compiling lists of prospective client businesses by using directories
and other sources;
(b)
acquiring and updating knowledge of employers’ and competitors’ goods
and services, and of market conditions;
(c)
visiting regular and prospective client businesses to establish and act
on selling opportunities;
(d)
assessing clients’ needs and resources and recommending appropriate
goods or services;
(e)
providing input to product design where goods or services must be
tailored to suit clients’ needs;
(f)
developing reports and proposals as part of sales presentations to
demonstrate benefits from the use of goods or services;
(g)
estimating costs of installing and maintaining equipment or service;
(h)
monitoring customers’ changing needs and competitor activity, and
reporting these developments to sales management;
(i)
quoting and negotiating prices and credit terms, and preparing and
administering sales contracts;
(j)
arranging delivery of goods, installation of equipment and the provision
of services;
(k)
reporting to sales management on sales made and the marketability of
goods and services;
(l)
consulting with clients after sale to ensure a satisfactory resolution
of any problems, and provide ongoing support.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Sales representative (industrial
products)
▪ Sales representative (medical and
pharmaceutical products)
▪ Technical sales representative
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Commercial sales representatives –
3322
▪ Sales representative (computers)
▪ Sales representative
(communications technology)
2434 Information and Communications
Technology Sales Professionals
Information and communications technology (ICT)
sales professionals sell, at the wholesale level, a range of computer hardware,
software and other information and communications technology goods and services
including installations, and provide specialized information as required.
Tasks include –
(a)
soliciting orders and selling goods to retail, industrial, wholesale and
other establishments;
(b)
selling technical equipment, supplies and related services to business
establishments or individuals;
(c)
discussing the needs of new and existing customers and providing
specialized information about how particular equipment, supplies and services
meet those needs;
(d)
quoting and negotiating prices and credit terms, and completing
contracts and recording orders;
(e)
updating customer records and preparing sales reports;
(f)
arranging delivery of goods, installation of equipment and the provision
of services;
(g)
reporting customers’ reactions and requirements to manufacturers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Sales representative (computers)
▪ Sales representative
(communications technology)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Shop sales assistants – 5223
Sub-Major Group 25
Information and Communications
Technology Professionals
Information and communications technology
professionals conduct research; plan, design, write, test, provide advice and
improve information technology systems, hardware, software and related concepts
for specific applications; develop associated documentation including
principles, policies and procedures; and design, develop, control, maintain and
support databases and other information systems to ensure optimal performance
and data integrity and security.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: researching information technology use in business
functions; identifying areas for improvement and researching the theoretical
aspects and operational methods for the use of computers; evaluating, planning
and designing hardware or software configurations for specific applications
including for Internet, Intranet and multimedia systems; designing, writing,
testing and maintaining computer programs; designing and developing database
architecture and database management systems; developing and implementing
security plans and data administration policy, and administering computer
networks and related computing environments; analysing, developing,
interpreting and evaluating complex system design and architecture
specifications, data models and diagrams in the development, configuration and
integration of computer systems.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
251 Software and
Applications Developers and Analysts
252 Database and
Network Professionals
Minor
Group 251
Software
and Applications Developers and Analysts
Software and applications developers and
analysts conduct research; plan, design, write, test, provide advice on and
improve information technology systems such as hardware, software and other
applications to meet specific requirements. Competent performance in most
occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill
level.
Tasks performed usually include: researching
information technology use in business functions and identifying areas in which
improvements could be made to maximize effectiveness and efficiency; conducting research into the theoretical
aspects of and operational methods for the use of computers; evaluating,
planning and designing hardware or software configurations for specific
applications; designing, writing, testing and maintaining computer programs for
specific requirements; evaluating, planning and designing Internet, Intranet
and multimedia systems.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2511 Systems Analysts
2512 Software
Developers
2513 Web and
Multimedia Developers
2514 Applications
Programmers
2519 Software and
Applications Developers and Analysts Not Elsewhere Classified
2511 Systems Analysts
Systems analysts conduct research, analyse and
evaluate client information technology requirements, procedures or problems,
and develop and implement proposals, recommendations, and plans to improve
current or future information systems.
Tasks include –
(a)
consulting with users to formulate document requirements and with
management to ensure agreement on systems principles;
(b)
identifying and analysing business processes, procedures and work
practices;
(c)
identifying and evaluating inefficiencies and recommending optimal
business practices and system functionality and behaviour;
(d)
taking responsibility for deploying functional solutions, such as
creating, adopting and implementing system test plans;
(e)
developing functional specifications for use by systems developers;
(f)
expanding or modifying systems to improve workflow or serve new
purposes;
(g)
coordinating and linking the computer systems within an organization to
increase compatibility.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Business analyst (IT)
▪ Computer scientist
▪ Information systems analyst
▪ Systems consultant
▪ Systems designer (IT)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Systems administrator (computers) – 2522
▪
Communications analyst (computers) – 2523
▪
Network analyst – 2523
2512 Software Developers
Software developers research, analyse and
evaluate requirements for existing or new software applications and operating
systems, and design, develop, test and maintain software solutions to meet
these requirements.
Tasks include –
(a)
researching, analysing and evaluating requirements for software
applications and operating systems;
(b)
researching, designing and developing computer software systems;
(c)
consulting with engineering staff to evaluate interfaces between
hardware and software;
(d)
developing and directing software testing and validation procedures;
(e)
modifying existing software to correct errors, to adapt it to new
hardware or to upgrade interfaces and improve performance;
(f)
directing software programming and development of documentation;
(g)
assessing, developing, upgrading and documenting maintenance procedures
for operating systems, communications environments and applications software;
(h)
consulting with customers concerning maintenance of software systems.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Programmer analyst
▪ Software designer
▪ Software developer
▪ Software engineer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Applications programmers – 2514
2513 Web and Multimedia Developers
Web and multimedia development professionals
combine design and technical knowledge to research, analyse, evaluate, design,
program and modify websites and applications that draw together text, graphics,
animations, imaging, audio and video displays and other interactive media.
Tasks include –
(a) analysing,
designing and developing Internet sites by applying a mixture of artistry and
creativity with software programming and scripting languages and interfacing
with operating environments;
(b)
designing and developing digital animations, imaging, presentations,
games, audio and video clips and Internet applications using multimedia
software, tools and utilities, interactive graphics and programming languages;
(c)
communicating with network specialists regarding web-related issues such
as security and hosting websites, to control and enforce Internet and web
server security, space allocation, user access, business continuity, website
backup and disaster recovery planning;
(d)
designing, developing and integrating computer code with other specialized
inputs such as image files, audio files and scripting languages, to produce,
maintain and support websites;
(e)
assisting in analysing, specifying and developing Internet strategies,
web-based methodologies and development plans.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Animation programmer
▪ Computer games programmer
▪ Internet developer
▪ Multimedia programmer
▪ Website architect
▪ Website developer
Some related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Website designer – 2166
▪ Webmaster – 3514
▪ Website administrator – 3514
▪ Website technician – 3514
2514 Applications Programmers
Applications programmers write and maintain
programmable code outlined in technical instructions and specifications for
software applications and operating systems.
Tasks include –
(a)
writing and maintaining program code outlined in instructions and
specifications in accordance with quality accredited standards;
(b)
revising, repairing or expanding existing programs to increase operating
efficiency or adapt to new requirements;
(c)
conducting trial runs of programs and software applications to confirm
that they will produce the desired information;
(d)
compiling and writing documentation of program development;
(e)
identifying and communicating technical problems, processes and
solutions.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Applications programmer
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Programmer analyst – 2512
▪ Software developer – 2512
▪ Multimedia programmer – 2513
2519 Software and Applications
Developers and Analysts Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers software and
applications developers and analysts not classified elsewhere in Minor Group
251: Software and Applications Developers and Analysts. For instance, the group
includes those professionals specializing in quality assurance, including
software testing.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
developing and documenting software testing plans;
(b)
installing software and hardware and configuring operating system
software in preparation for testing;
(c)
verifying that programs function according to user requirements and
established guidelines;
(d)
executing, analysing and documenting results of software application
tests and information and telecommunication systems tests;
(e)
developing and implementing software and information system testing
policies, procedures and scripts.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Quality assurance analyst
(computers)
▪ Software tester
▪ Systems tester
Minor
Group 252
Database
and Network Professionals
Database and network professionals design,
develop, control, maintain and support the optimal performance and security of information
technology systems and infrastructure, including databases, hardware and
software, networks and operating systems.
Tasks performed usually include: designing and
developing database architecture, data structures, dictionaries and naming conventions for
information systems projects; designing, constructing, modifying, integrating,
implementing and testing database management systems; developing and
implementing security plans, data administration policy, documentation and
standards; maintaining and administering computer networks and related
computing environments; analysing, developing, interpreting and evaluating
complex system design and architecture specifications, data models and diagrams
in the development, configuration and integration of computer systems.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
2521 Database
Designers and Administrators
2522 Systems
Administrators
2523 Computer Network
Professionals
2529 Database and
Network Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
2521 Database Designers and Administrators
Database designers and administrators design,
develop, control, maintain and support the optimal performance and security of
databases.
Tasks include –
(a)
designing and developing database architecture, data structures, tables,
dictionaries and naming conventions for information systems projects;
(b)
designing, constructing, modifying, integrating, implementing and
testing database management systems;
(c)
conducting research and providing advice on the selection, application
and implementation of database management tools;
(d)
developing and implementing data administration policy, documentation,
standards and models;
(e)
developing policies and procedures for database access and usage and for
the backup and recovery of data;
(f)
performing the operational establishment and preventive maintenance of
backups, recovery procedures, and enforcing security and integrity controls.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Data administrator
▪ Database administrator
▪ Database analyst
▪ Database architect
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Network administrator – 2522
▪ Systems administrator (computers) –
2522
▪ Webmaster – 3514
▪ Website administrator – 3514
2522 Systems Administrators
Systems administrators develop, control,
maintain and support the optimal performance and security of information
technology systems.
Tasks include –
(a)
maintaining and administering computer networks and related computing
environments, including computer hardware, systems software, applications
software and all configurations;
(b)
recommending changes to improve systems and network configurations, and
determining hardware or software requirements related to such changes;
(c)
diagnosing hardware and software problems;
(d)
performing data backups and disaster recovery operations;
(e)
operating master consoles to monitor the performance of computer systems
and networks, and to coordinate computer network access and use.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Network administrator
▪ Systems administrator (computers)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Database administrator – 2521
▪ Network analyst – 2523
▪ Webmaster – 3514
▪ Website administrator – 3514
▪ Website technician – 3514
2523 Computer Network Professionals
Computer network professionals research, analyse,
design, test and recommend strategies for network architecture and
development. They implement, manage,
maintain and configure network hardware and software, and monitor, troubleshoot
and optimize performance.
Tasks include –
(a) analysing,
developing, interpreting and evaluating complex system design and architecture
specifications, data models and diagrams in the development, configuration and
integration of computer systems;
(b)
researching, analysing, evaluating and monitoring network infrastructure
to ensure that networks are configured to operate at optimal performance;
(c)
assessing and recommending improvements to network operations and
integrated hardware, software, communications and operating systems;
(d)
providing specialist skills in supporting and troubleshooting network
problems and emergencies;
(e)
installing, configuring, testing, maintaining and administering new and
upgraded networks, software database applications, servers and workstations;
(f)
preparing and maintaining procedures and documentation for network
inventory, and recording diagnosis and resolution of network faults,
enhancements and modifications to networks and maintenance instructions;
(g)
monitoring network traffic and activity, capacity and usage to ensure
continued integrity and optimal network performance.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪
Communications analyst (computers)
▪
Network analyst
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Systems analysts – 2511
▪ Network administrator – 2522
2529 Database and Network Professionals
Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group includes database and network
professionals not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 252: Database and Network
Professionals. For instance, the group
includes information and communications technology security specialists.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
developing plans to safeguard computer files against accidental or
unauthorized modification, destruction or disclosure and to meet emergency data
processing needs;
(b)
training users and promoting security awareness to ensure system
security and to improve server and network efficiency;
(c)
conferring with users to discuss issues such as computer data access
needs, security violations and programming changes;
(d)
monitoring current reports of computer viruses to determine when to
update virus protection systems;
(e)
modifying computer security files to incorporate new software, correct
errors or change individual access status;
(f)
monitoring use of data files and regulate access to safeguard
information in computer files;
(g)
performing risk assessments and executing tests of data processing
system to ensure functioning of data processing activities and security
measures;
(h)
encrypting data transmissions and erecting firewalls to conceal
confidential information as it is being transmitted and to keep out tainted
digital transfers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Data miner
▪ Digital forensic specialist
▪ Security specialist (ICT)
Sub-major Group 26
Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals
Legal,
social and cultural professionals conduct research; improve or develop
concepts, theories and operational
methods; or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and
artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion,
languages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment.
Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires
skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.
Tasks
performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: conducting
research on legal problems; drafting laws and regulations; advising clients on
legal cases; pleading and conducting cases in a court of law; presiding over
judicial proceedings in a court of law; developing and maintaining library and
gallery collections of archives; conducting research, improving or developing
concepts, theories and operational methods or applying knowledge relating to
the field of social sciences; conceiving, creating and performing in literary
and artistic works; interpreting and communicating news, ideas, impressions and
facts.
Occupations
in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups:
261 Legal Professionals
262 Librarians, Archivists and Curators
263 Social and Religious Professionals
264 Authors, Journalists and Linguists
265 Creative and Performing Artists
Minor
Group 261
Legal Professionals
Legal
professionals conduct research on legal problems, advise clients on legal
aspects of problems, plead cases or conduct prosecutions in courts of law,
preside over judicial proceedings in courts of law and draft laws and
regulations.
Tasks
performed usually include: giving clients legal advice, undertaking legal
business on clients’ behalf and conducting litigation when necessary, or
presiding over judicial proceedings and pronouncing judgement in courts of law.
Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations
in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups:
2611 Lawyers
2612 Judges
2619 Legal Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
2611 Lawyers
Lawyers
give clients legal advice on a wide variety of subjects, draw up legal
documents, represent clients before administrative boards or tribunals and
plead cases or conduct prosecutions in
courts of justice, or instruct barristers to plead in higher courts of justice.
Tasks
include –
(a) giving clients legal advice
on a wide variety of subjects and undertaking legal business on clients’
behalf;
(b) researching legal principles,
statutes and previous court decisions related to specific cases;
(c) gathering evidence to
formulate a defence or to initiate legal actions, by such means as interviewing
clients and witnesses to ascertain the facts of a case;
(d) evaluating findings and
developing strategies and arguments in preparation for presentation of cases;
(e) pleading clients’ cases
before courts of law, tribunals and administrative boards or instructing
barristers to plead in higher courts of justice;
(f) accepting briefs and pleading
in the higher court;
(g) acting as prosecutor on
behalf of the government;
(h) negotiating settlements in
matters which involve legal disputes;
(i) drafting legislation and
preparing government regulations based on existing laws;
(j) drawing up legal documents
such as contracts, real estate transactions and wills and preparing statements
of legal opinions.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Attorney
▪ Barrister
▪ Lawyer
▪ Prosecutor
▪ Solicitor
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Notary – 2619
▪ Conveyancing clerk – 3411
▪ Law clerk – 3411
2612 Judges
Judges
preside over civil and criminal proceedings in courts of law.
Tasks
include –
(a) presiding over trials and
hearings;
(b) interpreting and enforcing
rules of procedure and making rulings regarding the admissibility of evidence;
(c) determining the rights and
obligations of the parties involved, and in cases tried by jury;
(d) instructing the jury on
points of law that are applicable to the case;
(e) weighing and considering
evidence in non-jury trials and deciding legal guilt or innocence or degree of
liability of the accused or defendant;
(f) passing sentence on persons
convicted in criminal cases, determining damages or other appropriate remedy in
civil cases and issuing court orders;
(g) researching legal issues and
writing opinions on the issues.
Examples of the occupations classified here:
▪ Chief justice
▪ Judge
▪ Magistrate
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Court clerk – 3411
▪ Justice of the peace – 3411
2619 Legal
Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit
group covers legal professionals not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 261:
Legal Professionals. For instance, the group includes those who perform legal
functions other than pleading or prosecuting cases or presiding over judicial proceedings.
In such
cases tasks would include –
(a) giving advice on legal
aspects of various personal, business and administrative problems;
(b) drawing up legal documents
and contracts;
(c) arranging property transfers;
(d) determining, by inquest, the
causes of any death not obviously due to natural causes.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Coroner
▪ Jurist (except lawyer or judge)
▪ Notary
Minor Group 262
Librarians, Archivists and Curators
Librarians,
archivists and curators develop and maintain the collections of archives,
libraries, museums, art galleries and similar establishments.
Tasks
performed usually include: appraising or developing and organizing the contents
of archives and artefacts of historical, cultural and artistic interest, and
ensuring their safekeeping and preservation; organizing the collections of and
exhibitions at museums, art galleries and similar establishments; developing
and maintaining the systematic collection of recorded and published material
and making it available to users in libraries and related institutions;
preparing scholarly papers and reports; conducting research.
Occupations
in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups:
2621 Archivists and Curators
2622 Librarians and Related Information Professionals
2621 Archivists and
Curators
Archivists
and curators collect, appraise and ensure the safekeeping and preservation of
the contents of archives, artefacts and records of historical, cultural,
administrative and artistic interest, and of art and other objects. They plan,
devise and implement systems for the safekeeping of records and historically
valuable documents.
Tasks
include –
(a) evaluating and preserving
records for administrative, historical, legal, evidential and other purposes;
(b) directing or carrying out the
preparation of indexes, bibliographies, microfilm copies and other reference
aids to the collected material and making them available to users;
(c) researching the origin,
distribution and use of materials and objects of cultural and historical
interest;
(d) organizing, developing and
maintaining collections of artistic, cultural, scientific or historically
significant items;
(e) directing or undertaking
classification and cataloguing of museum and art gallery collections and
organizing exhibitions;
(f) researching into, appraising,
organizing and preserving historically significant and valuable documents such
as government papers, private papers, photographs, maps, manuscripts and
audiovisual materials;
(g) preparing scholarly papers
and reports;
(h) planning and implementing the
computerized management of archives and electronic records;
(i) organizing exhibitions at
museums and art galleries, publicizing exhibits and arranging special displays
for general, specialized or educational interest;
(j) appraising and acquiring
archival materials to build and develop an archival collection for research
purposes.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Archivist
▪ Art gallery curator
▪ Museum curator
▪ Records manager
2622 Librarians and
Related Information Professionals
Librarians
and related information professionals collect, select, develop, organize and maintain
library collections and other information repositories; organize and control
other library services and provide information for users.
Tasks
include –
(a) organizing, developing and
maintaining a systematic collection of books, periodicals and other printed,
audiovisually and digitally recorded material;
(b) selecting and recommending
acquisitions of books and other printed or audiovisually and digitally recorded
material;
(c) organizing, classifying and
cataloguing library material;
(d) managing library borrowing
and interlibrary loan facilities and information networks;
(e) retrieving material and
providing information to business and other users based on the collection
itself or on library and information-network systems;
(f) conducting research and
analysing or modifying library and information services in accordance with
changes in users’ needs;
(g) devising and implementing
schemes and conceptual models for the storage, organization, classification and
retrieval of information;
(h) preparing scholarly papers
and reports;
(i) performing manual, online and
interactive media reference searches, making interlibrary loans and performing
other functions to assist users in accessing library materials.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Bibliographer
▪ Cataloguer
▪ Librarian
Minor Group 263
Social and Religious Professionals
Social and
religious professionals conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories
and operational methods; apply knowledge relating to philosophy, politics,
economics, sociology, anthropology, history, psychology and other social
sciences; or provide social services to meet the needs of individuals and
families in a community.
Tasks
performed usually include: formulating and applying solutions to present or
projected economic, political or social problems; researching into and analysing
past events and activities and tracing the origin and evolution of the human
race; studying mental processes and behaviour of individuals and groups;
providing social services; preparing scholarly papers and reports. Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations
in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups:
2631 Economists
2632 Sociologists, Anthropologists and Related
Professionals
2633 Philosophers, Historians and Political
Scientists
2634 Psychologists
2635 Social Work and Counselling Professionals
2636 Religious Professionals
2631 Economists
Economists
conduct research, monitor data, analyse information and prepare reports and
plans to resolve economic and business problems and develop models to analyse,
explain and forecast economic behaviour and patterns. They provide advice to
business, interest groups and governments to formulate solutions to present or
projected economic and business problems.
Tasks
include –
(a) forecasting changes in the
economic environment for short-term budgeting, long-term planning and
investment evaluation;
(b) formulating recommendations,
policies and plans for the economy, corporate strategies and investment, and
undertaking feasibility studies for projects;
(c) monitoring economic data to assess the effectiveness,
and advise on the appropriateness, of monetary and fiscal policies;
(d) forecasting production and
consumption of specific products and services based on records of past
production and consumption and general economic and industry-specific
conditions;
(e) preparing forecasts of income
and expenditure, interest rates and exchange rates;
(f) analysing factors that
determine labour force participation, employment, wages, unemployment and other
labour market outcomes;
(g) applying mathematical formulae and
statistical techniques to test economic theories and devise solutions to
economic problems;
(h) compiling, analysing and
interpreting economic data using economic theory and a variety of statistical
and other techniques;
(i) evaluating the outcome of
political decisions concerning public economy and finances, and advising on
economic policy and possible courses of action in the light of past, present
and projected economic factors and trends;
(j) preparing scholarly papers
and reports;
(k) examining problems related to
the economic activities of individual companies;
(l) conducting research on market
conditions in local, regional or national areas to set sales and pricing levels
for goods and services, to assess market potential and future trends and to develop
business strategies.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Econometrician
▪ Economic adviser
▪ Economic analyst
▪ Economist
▪ Labour economist
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Statistician – 2120
2632 Sociologists, Anthropologists
and Related Professionals
Sociologists,
anthropologists and related professionals investigate and describe the
structure, origin and evolution of societies and the interdependence between
environmental conditions and human activities. They provide advice on the
practical application of their findings in the formulation of economic and
social policies.
Tasks
include –
(a) conducting research on the
origin, development, structure, social patterns, organizations and
interrelationships of human society;
(b) tracing the origin and
evolution of humanity through the study of changing characteristics and
cultural and social institutions;
(c) tracing the development of
humanity through the material remains of its past, such as dwellings, temples,
tools, pottery, coins, weapons or sculpture;
(d) studying physical and
climatic aspects of areas and regions, and correlating these findings with
economic, social and cultural activities;
(e) developing theories, models
and methods to interpret and describe social phenomena;
(f) evaluating the outcome of
political decisions concerning social policy;
(g) analysing and evaluating
social data;
(h) advising on the practical
application of findings in the formulation of economic and social policies for
population groups and regions, and for the development of markets;
(i) preparing scholarly papers
and reports.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Anthropologist
▪ Archaeologist
▪ Criminologist
▪ Ethnologist
▪ Geographer
▪ Sociologist
2633 Philosophers, Historians
and Political Scientists
Philosophers,
historians and political scientists conduct research into the nature of human
experience and existence, phases or aspects of human history, and political
structures, movements and behaviour. They document and report on findings to
inform and guide political and individual actions
Tasks
include –
(a) researching, including by
reasoning, into the general causes, principles and meanings of the world, human
actions, experience and existence, and interpreting and developing
philosophical concepts and theories;
(b) consulting and comparing
primary sources such as original or contemporary records of past events, and
secondary sources such as archaeological or anthropological findings;
(c) extracting relevant material,
checking its authenticity, and researching into and describing the history of a
particular period, country or region, or a particular facet – for example
economic, social or political – of its history;
(d) conducting research in such
fields as political philosophy, or past and present theory and practice of
political systems, institutions or behaviour;
(e) observing contemporary
political institutions and opinions, collecting data on them from various
sources, including interviews with government and political party officials and
other relevant persons;
(f) developing theories, models
and methods to interpret and describe the nature of human experience and
historical and political events and behaviour;
(g) presenting findings and
conclusions for publication or use by government, political parties or other
organizations and interested persons;
(h) preparing scholarly papers
and reports.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Genealogist
▪ Historian
▪ Philosopher
▪ Political scientist
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Political adviser – 2422
2634 Psychologists
Psychologists
research into and study the mental processes and behaviour of human beings as
individuals or in groups, and apply this knowledge to promote personal, social,
educational or occupational adjustment and development.
Tasks
include –
(a) planning and carrying out
tests to measure mental, physical and other characteristics such as
intelligence, abilities, aptitudes, potentialities, etc., interpreting and
evaluating results, and providing advice;
(b) analysing the effect of
heredity, social, occupational and other factors on individual thought and
behaviour;
(c) conducting counselling or
therapeutic interviews with individuals and groups and providing follow-up
services;
(d) maintaining required
contacts, such as those with family members, educational authorities or
employers, and recommending possible solutions to, and treatment of, problems;
(e) studying psychological
factors in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illnesses and
emotional or personality disorders, and conferring with related professionals;
(f) preparing scholarly papers
and reports;
(g) formulating achievement,
diagnostic and predictive tests for use by teachers in planning methods and
content of instruction;
(h) conducting surveys and
research studies on job design, work groups, morale, motivation, supervision
and management;
(i) developing theories, models
and methods to interpret and describe human behaviour.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Clinical psychologist
▪ Educational psychologist
▪ Organizational psychologist
▪ Psychotherapist
▪ Sports psychologist
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Psychiatrist – 2212
2635 Social Work
and Counselling Professionals
Social work
and counselling professionals provide advice and guidance to individuals,
families, groups, communities and organizations in response to social and
personal difficulties. They assist
clients to develop skills and access resources and support services needed to
respond to issues arising from unemployment, poverty, disability, addiction,
criminal and delinquent behaviour, marital and other problems.
Tasks
include –
(a) interviewing clients
individually, in families or in groups, to assess their situation and problems
and determine the types of services required;
(b) analysing the client’s
situation and presenting alternative approaches to resolving problems;
(c) compiling case records or
reports for courts and other legal proceedings;
(d) providing counselling,
therapy and mediation services, and facilitating group sessions to assist
clients to develop skills and insights needed to deal with and resolve their
social and personal problems;
(e) planning and implementing
programmes of assistance for clients, including crisis intervention and
referral to agencies that provide financial assistance, legal aid, housing,
medical treatment and other services;
(f) investigating cases of abuse
or neglect and taking action to protect children and other persons at risk;
(g) working with offenders during
and after sentence to help them to integrate into the community and to change
attitudes and behaviour in order to reduce further offending;
(h) providing advice to prison
governors and to probation and parole review boards that helps determine
whether, and under what conditions, an offender should be incarcerated,
released from prison or undergo alternative correctional measures;
(i) acting as advocates for
client groups in the community and lobbying
for solutions to problems affecting them;
(j) developing prevention and
intervention programmes to meet community needs;
(k) maintaining contact with
other social service agencies, educational institutions and health care
providers involved with clients to provide information and obtain feedback on
clients’ overall situation and progress.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Addictions counsellor
▪ Bereavement counsellor
▪ Child and youth counsellor
▪ District social
welfare officer
▪ Family counsellor
▪ Marriage counsellor
▪ Parole officer
▪ Probation officer
▪ Sexual assault counsellor
▪ Social worker
▪ Women’s welfare organizer
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Psychologists – 2634
▪ Welfare support worker – 3412
2636 Religious Professionals
Religious
professionals function as perpetuators of sacred traditions, practices and
beliefs. They conduct religious services, celebrate or administer the rites of
a religious faith or denomination, provide spiritual and moral guidance and
perform other functions associated with the practice of a religion.
Tasks
include –
(a) perpetuating sacred
traditions, practices and beliefs;
(b) conducting religious
services, rites and ceremonies;
(c) undertaking various
administrative and social duties, including participating in committees and
meetings of religious organizations;
(d) providing spiritual and moral
guidance in accordance with the religion professed;
(e) propagating religious
doctrines in own country or abroad;
(f) preparing and presenting
religious sermons;
(g) developing and directing
study courses and religious education programmes;
(h) counselling individuals
regarding interpersonal, health, financial and religious problems;
(i) scheduling and participating
in special events such as camps, conferences, seminars and retreats.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Bonze
▪ Imam
▪ Minister of religion
▪ Poojari
▪ Priest
▪ Rabbi
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Lay preacher – 3413
▪ Monk – 3413
▪ Nun – 3413
Note
Members of religious orders whose work involves
performing the tasks of other occupations, for example as teachers, nurses or
welfare support workers, should be classified according to the main tasks and
duties performed in the job.
Minor Group 264
Authors, Journalists and Linguists
Authors,
journalists and linguists conceive and create literary works; interpret and
communicate news and public affairs through the media; and translate or
interpret from one language into another.
Tasks
performed usually include: writing literary works; appraising merits of
literary and other works of art; collecting information about current affairs
and writing about them; researching, investigating, interpreting and
communicating news and public affairs through newspapers, television, radio and
other media; translating written material from one language to another; simultaneously
translating from one language to another.
Occupations
in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups:
2641 Authors and Related Writers
2642 Journalists
2643 Translators, Interpreters and Other Linguists
2641 Authors and Related
Writers
Authors and
related writers plan, research and write books, scripts, storyboards, plays,
essays, speeches, manuals, specifications and other non-journalistic articles
(excluding material for newspapers, magazines and other periodicals) for
publication or presentation.
Tasks
include –
(a) conceiving, writing and
editing novels, plays, scripts, poetry and other material for publication or
presentation;
(b) conducting research to
establish factual content and to obtain other necessary information;
(c) writing scripts and
continuities and preparing programmes for stage, film, radio and television
productions;
(d) analysing material, such as
specifications, notes and drawings, and creating manuals, instructions for use,
user guides and other documents to explain clearly and concisely the
installation, operation and maintenance of software, electronic, mechanical and
other equipment;
(e) writing brochures, handbooks
and similar technical publications;
(f) selecting material for
publication, checking style, grammar and accuracy of content, arranging for any
necessary revisions and checking proof copies before printing.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Author
▪ Book editor
▪ Essayist
▪ Indexer
▪ Interactive media writer
▪ Novelist
▪ Playwright
▪ Poet
▪ Script writer
▪ Speech writer
▪ Technical communicator
▪ Technical writer
▪ Writer
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Advertising copy writer – 2431
▪ Public relations copy writer –
2432
▪ Journalist – 2642
▪ Newspaper editor – 2642
2642 Journalists
Journalists
research, investigate, interpret and communicate news and public affairs
through newspapers, television, radio and other media.
Tasks
include –
(a) collecting local, national
and international news through interviews, investigation and observation,
attending public events, seeking out records, reviewing written work, attending
film and stage performances;
(b) collecting, reporting and commenting
on news and current affairs for publication in newspapers and periodicals, or
for broadcasting by radio, television or webcast media;
(c) receiving, analysing and
verifying news and other copy for accuracy;
(d) interviewing politicians and
other public figures at press conferences and on other occasions, including
individual interviews recorded for radio, television or webcast media;
(e) researching and reporting on
developments in specialized fields such as medicine, science and technology;
(f) writing editorials and
commentaries on topics of current interest to stimulate public interest and
express the views of a publication or broadcasting station;
(g) writing critical reviews of
literary, musical and other artistic works based on knowledge, judgement and
experience for newspapers, television, radio and other media;
(h) selecting material for
publication, checking style, grammar, accuracy and legality of content and
arranging for any necessary revisions;
(i) liaising with production staff
in checking final proof copies immediately prior to printing;
(j) selecting, assembling and
preparing publicity material about business or other organizations for issue
through press, radio, television and other media.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Journalist
▪ Newspaper editor
▪ Newspaper reporter
▪ Sports writer
▪ Sub editor
▪ TV/radio news producer
▪ TV/radio news reporter,
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Public relations officer – 2432
▪ Author – 2641
▪ Book editor – 2641
▪ Photo journalist –3431
▪ Camera operator – 3521
2643 Translators, Interpreters
and Other Linguists
Translators,
interpreters and other linguists translate or interpret from one language into
another and study the origin, development and structure of languages.
Tasks
include –
(a) studying relationships
between ancient parent languages and modern language groups, tracing the origin
and evolution of words, grammar and language forms, and presenting findings;
(b) advising on or preparing
language classification systems, grammars, dictionaries and similar materials;
(c) translating from one language
into another and ensuring that the correct meaning of the original is retained,
that legal, technical or scientific works are correctly rendered, and that the
phraseology and terminology of the spirit and style of literary works are
conveyed as far as possible;
(d) developing methods for the
use of computers and other instruments to improve productivity and quality of translation;
(e) interpreting from a spoken or
a signed language into another spoken or signed language, in particular at
conferences, meetings and similar occasions, and ensuring that the correct
meaning and, as far as possible, the spirit of the original are transmitted;
(f) revising and correcting
translated material.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Interpreter
▪ Lexicographer
▪ Philologist
▪ Sign language interpreter
▪ Subtitler
▪ Translator
▪ Translator-reviser
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Author – 2641
▪ Book editor – 2641
▪ Journalist – 2642
Minor Group 265
Creative and Performing Artists
Creative
and performing artists communicate ideas, impressions and facts in a wide range
of media to achieve particular effects; interpret a composition such as a
musical score or a script to perform or direct the performance; and host the
presentation of such performance and other media events.
Tasks
performed usually include: conceiving and creating visual art forms; conceiving
and writing original music; devising, directing, rehearsing and performing in
music, dance, theatrical and film productions; assuming creative, financial and
organizational responsibilities in the production of television programmes, films,
and stage presentations; studying script, play or book and preparing and
rehearsing interpretation; selecting and introducing music, videos and other
entertainment material for broadcast and making commercial and public service
announcements.
Occupations
in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups:
2651 Visual Artists
2652 Musicians, Singers and Composers
2653 Dancers and Choreographers
2654 Film, Stage and Related Directors and Producers
2655 Actors
2656 Announcers on Radio, Television and Other Media
2659 Creative and Performing Artists Not Elsewhere Classified
2651 Visual Artists
Visual
artists create and execute works of art by sculpting, painting, drawing,
creating cartoons, engraving or using other techniques.
Tasks
include –
(a) conceiving and developing
ideas, designs and styles for paintings, drawings and sculptures;
(b) arranging objects,
positioning models, and selecting landscapes and other visual forms according
to chosen subject matter;
(c) selecting artistic media,
method and materials;
(d) creating representational or
abstract three-dimensional or relief forms by shaping, carving and working and
combining materials such as wood, stone, clay, metal, ice or paper;
(e) creating representational or
abstract drawings and paintings using pencils, ink, chalk, oil paints, water
colours or through the application of other techniques;
(f) creating drawings and
engraving or etching them on metal, wood or other materials;
(g) creating cartoons to depict
persons and events, often in caricature;
(h) restoring damaged, soiled and
faded paintings and other art objects.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Cartoonist
▪ Ceramic artist
▪ Illustrator
▪ Picture restorer
▪ Portrait painter
▪ Sculptor
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Industrial designer – 2163
▪ Graphic designer – 2166
▪ Painting teacher (private tuition)
– 2355
▪ Potter – 7314
▪ Decorative painter – 7316
2652 Musicians, Singers
and Composers
Musicians,
singers and composers write, arrange, conduct and perform musical compositions.
Tasks
include –
(a) creating melodic, harmonic
and rhythmic structures to express ideas and emotions in musical form;
(b) translating ideas and
concepts into standard musical signs and symbols for reproduction and
performance;
(c) adapting or arranging music
for particular instrumental or vocal groups, instruments or occasions;
(d) conducting instrumental or
vocal groups;
(e) selecting music for
performances and assigning instrumental parts to musicians;
(f) playing one or more musical
instruments as a soloist or as a member of an orchestra or a musical group;
(g) singing as a soloist or as a member
of a vocal group or other band;
(h) practising and rehearsing to
maintain a high standard of performance.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Band leader
▪ Composer
▪ Instrumentalist
▪ Music conductor
▪ Night club musician
▪ Night club singer
▪ Orchestrator
▪ Singer
▪ Street musician
▪ Street singer
2653 Dancers and Choreographers
Dancers and
choreographers conceive and create or perform dances.
Tasks
include –
(a) conceiving and creating
dances, which often convey a story, theme, idea or mood, by a pattern of steps,
movements and gestures;
(b) performing dances as a
soloist, with a partner or as a member of a dancing group before live audiences
or for film, television or other visual media;
(c) training, exercising and
attending dance classes to maintain the required levels of ability and fitness;
(d) directing and participating
in rehearsals to practice dance steps and techniques required for a
performance;
(e) auditioning for dance roles
or for membership in dance companies;
(f) coordinating the production
music with the music directors.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Choreographer
▪ Ballet dancer
▪ Night-club dancer
▪ Street dancer
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Dance teacher – 2355
2654 Film, Stage
and Related Directors and Producers
Film, stage
and related directors and producers oversee and control the technical and
artistic aspects of motion pictures, television or radio productions and stage
shows.
Tasks
include –
(a) choosing writers, studying
scripts to determine artistic interpretation, and instructing actors on acting
methods;
(b) directing all aspects of
dramatic productions on stage, television, radio or in motion pictures,
including choice of actors, and final decisions concerning costumes, set
designs, sound or lighting effects;
(c) planning, organizing and
controlling the various stages and scheduling involved in the production of
presentations, motion pictures, television shows and radio programmes;
(d) engaging and supervising all
technical personnel, and determining the treatment, scope and scheduling of
production;
(e) maintaining production
archives and negotiating royalties;
(f) creating, planning or writing
scripts for recording, videotaping and editing programmes;
(g) supervising the positioning
of scenery, props and lighting and sound equipment.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Documentary director
▪ Film editor
▪ Motion picture director
▪ Photography director
▪ Stage director
▪ Technical director
▪ Technical television or radio
director
▪ Theatre producer
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ TV/radio news producer – 2642
▪ Broadcasting technician – 3521
▪ Lighting technician – 3521
▪ Sound technician – 3521
▪ Video technician – 3521
▪ Stage manager – 3435
2655 Actors
Actors
portray roles in motion pictures, television or radio productions and stage
shows.
Tasks
include –
(a) learning lines and cues and
playing parts in dramatic productions on stage, commercials, television, radio
or in motion pictures;
(b) assuming characters created
by a playwright or author and communicating this to an audience;
(c) telling stories or reading
literary works aloud to educate or entertain listeners;
(d) attending auditions and
casting calls in order to audition for roles;
(e) preparing for performances
through rehearsals under the instruction and guidance of production directors;
(f) reading scripts and undertaking
research to gain understanding of parts, themes and characteristics;
(g) acting parts and portraying
roles as developed in rehearsals in film, television, radio and stage
productions.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Actor
▪ Mime artist
▪ Storyteller
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Stunt artist – 3435
▪ Walker-on – 3435
2656 Announcers on Radio,
Television and Other Media
Announcers
on radio, television and other media read news bulletins, conduct interviews,
and make other announcements or introductions on radio, television, and in
theatres and other establishments or media.
Tasks
include –
(a) reading news bulletins and
making other announcements on radio or television;
(b) introducing performing
artists or persons being interviewed, and making related announcements on
radio, television, or in theatres, night clubs and other establishments;
(c) interviewing persons in
public, especially on radio and television;
(d) studying background
information in order to prepare for programmes or interviews;
(e) commenting on music and other
matters, such as weather or traffic conditions.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Radio announcer
▪ Television announcer
▪ News anchor
▪ Sports announcer
▪ Talk show host/hostess
▪ Traffic reporter
▪ Weather reporter
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Journalist – 2642
2659 Creative and Performing
Artists Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit
group covers all creative and performing artists not classified elsewhere in
Minor Group 265: Creative and Performing Artists. For instance, the group
includes clowns, magicians, acrobats and other performing artists.
In such
cases tasks would include –
(a) performing amusing antics and
telling funny stories;
(b) performing tricks of illusion
and sleight of hand, and feats of hypnotism;
(c) performing difficult and
spectacular acrobatics, and gymnastic or juggling feats;
(d) training and performing with
animals.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Acrobat
▪ Aerialist
▪ Clown
▪ Hypnotist
▪ Magician
▪ Puppeteer
▪ Stand-up comedian
▪ Ventriloquist
Technicians and associate professionals perform
technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of
scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business
regulations. Competent performance in
most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill
level.
Tasks performed by technicians and associate
professionals usually include: undertaking and carrying out technical work connected
with research and the application of concepts and operational methods in the
fields of physical sciences including engineering and technology, life sciences
including the medical profession, and social sciences and humanities;
initiating and carrying out various technical
services related to trade, finance and administration including
administration of government laws and regulations, and to social work;
providing technical support for the arts and entertainment; participating in
sporting activities; executing some religious tasks. Supervision of other
workers may be included.
Occupations in this major group are classified
into the following sub-major groups:
31 Science and
Engineering Associate Professionals
32 Health Associate Professionals
33 Business and
Administration Associate Professionals
34 Legal, Social,
Cultural and Related Associate Professionals
35 Information and
Communications Technicians
Sub-major Group 31
Science and
Engineering Associate Professionals
Science and engineering associate professionals
perform technical tasks connected with research and operational methods in
science and engineering. They supervise and control technical and operational
aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering
operations, and operate technical equipment including aircraft and ships.
Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires
skills at the third ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: setting up, monitoring and operating instruments and equipment,
conducting and monitoring experiments and tests of systems; collecting and
testing samples; recording observations and analysing data; preparing, revising
and interpreting technical drawings and diagrams; coordinating, supervising,
controlling and scheduling the activities of other workers; operating and
monitoring switchboards, computerized control systems, and multi-function
process control machinery; performing technical functions to ensure safe and
efficient movement and operations in ships, aircraft and other equipment.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
311 Physical and
Engineering Science Technicians
312 Mining,
Manufacturing and Construction Supervisors
313 Process Control
Technicians
314 Life Science
Technicians and Related Associate Professionals
315 Ship and Aircraft Controllers and Technicians
Minor
Group 311
Physical
and Engineering Science Technicians
Physical and engineering science technicians
perform technical tasks to aid in research on and the practical application of
concepts, principles and operational methods particular to physical sciences
including such areas as engineering, technical drawing or economic efficiency
of production processes.
Tasks performed usually include: undertaking
and carrying out technical work related to chemistry, physics, geology,
meteorology, astronomy, engineering or technical drawing; setting up,
operating, and maintaining laboratory instruments and equipment; monitoring
experiments, making observations, and calculating and recording results;
preparing materials for experimentation; conducting tests of systems;
collecting and testing samples; recording observations and analysing data;
preparing, revising and interpreting technical drawings, wiring diagrams,
circuit board assembly diagrams or layout drawings.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3111 Chemical and
Physical Science Technicians
3112 Civil Engineering
Technicians
3113 Electrical
Engineering Technicians
3114 Electronics
Engineering Technicians
3115 Mechanical
Engineering Technicians
3116 Chemical Engineering Technicians
3117 Mining and
Metallurgical Technicians
3118 Draughtspersons
3119 Physical and
Engineering Science Technicians Not Elsewhere Classified
3111 Chemical and Physical Science
Technicians
Chemical and physical science technicians
perform technical tasks to aid in research in chemistry, physics, geology,
geophysics, meteorology and astronomy, and in the development of industrial,
medical, military and other practical applications of research results.
Tasks include –
(a)
collecting samples and preparing materials and equipment for
experiments, tests and analyses;
(b)
carrying out routine laboratory tests and performing a variety of
technical support functions to assist chemical and physical scientists in
research, development, analysis and testing;
(c)
controlling the quality and quantity of laboratory supplies by testing
samples and monitoring usage and preparing detailed estimates of quantities and
costs of materials and labour required for projects, according to the
specifications given;
(d) setting
up, operating, and maintaining laboratory instruments and equipment, monitoring
experiments, making observations, and calculating and recording results;
(e)
preparing materials for experimentation such as freezing and slicing
specimens and mixing chemicals;
(f)
collecting and testing earth and water samples, recording observations
and analysing data in support of geologists or geophysicists.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Chemistry technician
▪ Geology technician
▪ Meteorology technician
▪ Physics technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Chemical engineering technician –
3116
▪ Chemical process technician – 3133
▪ Life science technician – 3141
3112 Civil Engineering Technicians
Civil engineering technicians perform technical
tasks in civil engineering research and in the design, construction, operation,
maintenance and repair of buildings and other structures such as water supply
and wastewater treatment systems, bridges, roads, dams and airports.
Tasks include –
(a) performing or assisting with field and
laboratory tests of soils and construction materials;
(b)
providing technical assistance connected with the construction of
buildings and other structures, and with surveys or the preparation of survey
reports;
(c)
ensuring compliance with design specifications, relevant legislation and
regulations, and maintenance of desired standards of materials and work;
(d)
applying technical knowledge of building and civil engineering principles
and practices in order to identify and solve problems arising;
(e)
assisting with the preparation of detailed estimates of quantities and
costs of materials and labour required for projects, according to the
specifications given;
(f)
organizing maintenance and repairs;
(g)
inspecting buildings and structures during and after construction to
ensure that they comply with building, grading, zoning and safety laws and
approved plans, specifications and standards, as well as with other rules
concerning quality and safety of buildings;
(h)
inspecting industrial plant, hotels, cinemas and other buildings and
structures to detect fire hazards and advise on how they can be removed;
(i)
advising on the installation of fire detectors and sprinkler systems and
the use of materials in the construction of buildings, and means of
transportation to reduce risk of fire and extent of damage and danger if fire
occurs.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Building inspector
▪ Building surveyor
▪ Civil engineering technician
▪ Clerk of works
▪ Fire inspector
▪ Fire prevention specialist
▪ Geotechnical technician
▪ Surveying technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Quantity surveyor – 2149
▪ Marine surveyor – 3115
▪ Fire investigator – 3119
3113 Electrical Engineering Technicians
Electrical engineering technicians perform
technical tasks to aid in electrical engineering research and in the design,
manufacture, assembly, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of
electrical equipment, facilities and distribution systems.
Tasks include –
(a)
providing technical assistance in research on and development of
electrical equipment and facilities, or testing prototypes;
(b)
designing and preparing blueprints of electrical installations and
circuitry according to the specifications given;
(c)
preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and
labour required for manufacture and installation, according to the
specifications given;
(d)
monitoring technical aspects of the manufacture, installation,
utilization, maintenance and repair of electrical systems and equipment to
ensure satisfactory performance and compliance with specifications and regulations;
(e)
planning installation methods, checking completed installations for
safety and controls or undertaking the initial running of the new electrical
equipment or systems;
(f)
assembling, installing, testing, calibrating, modifying and repairing
electrical equipment and installations to conform with regulations and safety
requirements.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Electrical engineering technician
▪ Electric power transmission
engineering technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Electronics engineering technician
– 3114
▪ Power production plant operator –
3131
▪ Electrical mechanic – 7412
3114 Electronics Engineering Technicians
Electronics engineering technicians perform
technical tasks to aid in electronic research and in the design, manufacture,
assembly, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of electronic
equipment.
Tasks include –
(a)
providing technical assistance in research and development of electronic
equipment, or testing prototypes;
(b)
designing and preparing blueprints of electronic circuitry according to
the specifications given;
(c)
preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and
labour required for the manufacture and installation of electronic equipment,
according to the specifications given;
(d)
monitoring technical aspects of the manufacture, utilization,
maintenance and repair of electronic equipment to ensure satisfactory
performance and ensure compliance with specifications and regulations;
(e)
assisting in the design, development, installation, operation and
maintenance of electronic systems;
(f)
planning installation methods, checking completed installations for
safety and controls or undertaking the initial running of the new electronic
equipment or system;
(g)
conducting tests of electronic systems, collecting and analysing data,
and assembling circuitry in support of electronics engineers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Electronics engineering technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Electrical engineering technician –
3113
▪ Telecommunications engineering
technician – 3522
▪ Electronics mechanic – 7421
▪ Electronic equipment assembler –
8212
3115 Mechanical Engineering Technicians
Mechanical engineering technicians perform
technical tasks to aid in mechanical engineering research and in the design,
manufacture, assembly, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of
machines, components and mechanical equipment.
Tasks include –
(a) providing
technical assistance in research on and development of machines and mechanical
installations, facilities and components, or testing prototypes;
(b)
designing and preparing layouts of machines and mechanical
installations, facilities and components, according to the specifications
given;
(c)
preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and
labour required for manufacture and installation, according to the
specifications given;
(d)
monitoring technical aspects of manufacture, utilization, maintenance
and repair of machines and mechanical installations, facilities and components
to ensure satisfactory performance and compliance with specifications and
regulations;
(e)
developing and monitoring the implementation of safety standards and
procedures for marine survey work in relation to ships’ hulls, equipment and
cargoes;
(f)
assembling and installing new and modified mechanical assemblies,
components, machine tools and controls, and hydraulic power systems;
(g) conducting
tests of mechanical systems, collecting and analysing data, and assembling and
installing mechanical assemblies in support of mechanical engineers;
(h)
ensuring that mechanical engineering designs and finished work are
within specifications, regulations and contract provisions.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Aeronautics engineering technician
▪ Marine engineering technician
▪ Marine surveyor
▪ Mechanical engineering estimator
▪ Mechanical engineering technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Industrial machinery mechanic – 7233
▪ Mechanical machinery assembler –
8211
3116 Chemical Engineering Technicians
Chemical engineering technicians perform
technical tasks to aid in chemical engineering research and in the design,
manufacture, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of chemical plant.
Tasks include –
(a)
assisting in research on and development of industrial chemical
processes, plant and equipment, or testing prototypes;
(b)
designing and preparing layouts of chemical plants according to the
specifications given;
(c)
preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and
labour required for manufacture and installation, according to the
specifications given;
(d)
monitoring technical aspects of the construction, installation,
operation, maintenance and repair of chemical plants to ensure satisfactory
performance and compliance with specifications and regulations;
(e)
conducting chemical and physical laboratory tests to assist scientists
and engineers in making qualitative and quantitative analyses of solids,
liquids, and gaseous materials.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Chemical engineering estimator
▪ Chemical engineering technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Chemical technician – 3111
▪ Chemical process technician – 3133
3117 Mining and Metallurgical Technicians
Mining and metallurgical technicians perform
technical tasks to assist in research and experiments related to metallurgy, in
improving methods of extracting solid minerals, oil and gas, and in the design,
construction, operation, maintenance and repair of mines and mine
installations, of systems for transporting and storing oil and natural gas, and
for extraction of metals from ores.
Tasks include –
(a)
providing technical assistance to aid in research on and development of
processes to determine the properties of metals and new alloys;
(b)
providing technical assistance in geological and topographical surveys and
in the design and layout of oil, natural gas and mineral ore extraction and
transportation systems, and processing and refining plants for minerals and
metals;
(c)
preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and
labour required for mineral, oil and natural gas exploration, extraction,
processing and transport projects;
(d)
monitoring technical, regulatory and safety aspects of the construction,
installation, operation, maintenance and repair of mineral ore, oil and natural
gas exploration, extraction, transport and storage installations and mineral
processing plants;
(e)
helping plan and design mines, mine shafts, tunnels and underground
first-aid facilities;
(f)
collecting and preparing rock, mineral and metal samples, performing
laboratory tests to determine properties, analysing and reporting test results
and maintaining testing equipment;
(g)
using microscopes, electromagnetic irradiation machines, spectrometers,
spectrographs, densitometers and tension testing machines;
(h)
assisting scientists in the use of electrical, sonic, or nuclear
measuring instruments in both laboratory and production activities to obtain
data indicating potential sources of metallic ore, gas, or petroleum.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Metallurgical technician
▪ Mines inspector
▪ Mining engineering technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Geology technician – 3111
▪ Miner – 8111
▪ Mining plant operator – 8111
▪ Quarrier – 8111
3118 Draughtspersons
Draughtspersons prepare technical drawings,
maps and illustrations from sketches, measurements and other data, and copy
final drawings and paintings onto printing plates.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing and revising working drawings from sketches and specifications
prepared by engineers and designers for the manufacture, installation and
erection of machinery and equipment or for the construction, modification,
maintenance and repair of buildings, dams, bridges, roads and other
architectural and civil engineering projects;
(b)
operating computer-aided design and draughting equipment to create,
modify and generate hard-copy and digital representations of working drawings;
(c)
operating digitizing table or similar equipment to transfer hard-copy
representation of working drawings, maps and other curves to digital form;
(d)
preparing and revising illustrations for reference works, brochures and
technical manuals dealing with the assembly, installation, operation,
maintenance and repair of machinery and other equipment and goods;
(e)
copying drawings and paintings onto stone or metal plates for printing;
(f)
preparing wiring diagrams, circuit board assembly diagrams and layout drawings
used for manufacture, installation and repair of electrical equipment in
factories, power plants and buildings;
(g)
creating detailed working diagrams of machinery and mechanical devices,
including dimensions, fastening methods and other engineering information;
(h)
arranging for completed drawings to be reproduced for use as working
drawings.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Draughtsperson
▪ Technical illustrator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Cartographer – 2165
▪ Surveyor – 2165
3119 Physical and Engineering Science
Technicians Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers physical and engineering
science technicians not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 311: Physical and Engineering
Science Technicians. For instance, the unit group includes those who assist
scientists and engineers engaged in developing procedures or conducting
research on safety, biomedical, environmental or industrial and production
engineering.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
collecting data and providing technical assistance regarding: efficient, safe and economic utilization of
personnel, material and equipment;
methods of work and sequence of operations and supervision of their
implementation; and efficient layout of plant or establishment;
(b)
aiding in the identification of potential hazards and introducing safety
procedures and devices;
(c)
modifying and testing equipment and devices used in the prevention,
control and remediation of environmental pollution, in site remediation and
land reclamation;
(d)
assisting in the development of environmental pollution remediation
devices under the direction of an engineer;
(e)
assisting engineers in testing and designing robotics equipment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Engineering technician
(production)
▪ Fire investigator
▪ Forensic science technician
▪ Quantity surveying technician
▪ Robotics technician
▪ Time and motion study technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
- Production engineer - 2141
- Time and motion study engineer - 2141
- Quantity surveyor - 2149
- Aeronautics engineering technician -
3115
Minor Group 312
Mining, Manufacturing
and Construction Supervisors
Mining, manufacturing and construction
supervisors coordinate, supervise, control and schedule the activities of
workers in manufacturing, mining and construction operations.
Tasks performed usually include: overseeing,
supervising and coordinating the activities of tradespersons, process control
technicians, machine operators, assemblers,
labourers and other workers;
organizing and planning daily work;
preparing cost estimates, records and reports; identifying shortages of
staff or supplies; ensuring safety of workers; instructing and training new
staff.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3121 Mining
Supervisors
3122 Manufacturing
Supervisors
3123 Construction
Supervisors
Notes
Jobs classified in Minor Group 312: Mining, Manufacturing and Construction Supervisors
mainly involve planning, organizing, coordinating, controlling and directing
the work done by others. Most of the
time workers employed in these jobs do not perform the tasks performed by those
they supervise, although they frequently have extensive experience in
performance of these tasks. Those who
carry out the tasks and duties of the jobs they supervise, in addition to
controlling the technical quality of the work done by others, should be
classified with the workers they supervise. These supervisory jobs often are
called “foremen/women” or “team leaders”.
In distinguishing between managers classified in
Major Group 1: Managers, and supervisors, classified in other major groups, it
should be noted that both managers and supervisors may plan, organize,
coordinate, control and direct the work done by others. In addition, managers usually have
responsibility for and make decisions about: the overall strategic and
operational direction of a business or organizational unit (for example about
the kinds, quantity and quality of goods to be produced); budgets (how much
money is to be spent and for what purposes); and the selection, appointment and
dismissal of staff. Supervisors may
provide advice and assistance to managers on these matters, especially in
relation to staff selection and dismissal, but do not have authority to make
decisions.
It should be noted that it is not a necessary
condition that managers have responsibility for all three of strategic and
operational direction, budgets and staff selection and dismissal. The degree of
autonomy they exercise may also vary. The critical difference is that
supervisors are responsible only for the supervision of the activities of other
workers, whereas managers have overall responsibility for the operations of an
organizational unit.
3121 Mining Supervisors
Mining supervisors oversee mining and quarrying
operations and directly supervise and coordinate the activities of miners
working in underground and surface mines and quarries.
Tasks include –
(a)
supervising and coordinating the activities of workers who extract
minerals and other natural deposits from the earth, and who operate underground
conveyances or heavy equipment in surface mines and quarries;
(b) establishing
methods to meet work schedules and recommending measures to mining managers to
improve productivity;
(c)
working with managerial and technical personnel, other departments and
contractors to resolve operational problems and coordinate activities;
(d)
providing reports and other information to mining managers about all
aspects of mining or quarrying operations;
(e)
determining staffing and material needs for the mine or quarry.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Mine deputy
▪
Mine supervisor
▪
Mine undermanager
▪
Quarry supervisor
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Mine manager – 1322
▪
Mine inspector – 3117
▪
Miner – 8111
▪
Quarrier – 8111
3122 Manufacturing Supervisors
Manufacturing supervisors coordinate and
supervise the activities of process control technicians, machine operators,
assemblers, and other manufacturing labourers.
Tasks include –
(a)
coordinating and supervising the activities of process control technicians,
machine operators, assemblers and other manufacturing labourers;
(b)
organizing and planning the daily work with regard to plans, economy,
staff and environment;
(c)
preparing cost estimates, records and reports;
(d)
identifying shortage of staff or components;
(e)
ensuring safety of workers;
(f)
instructing and training new staff.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Area coordinator (manufacturing)
▪ Assembly supervisor
▪ Finishing supervisor
▪ Production supervisor
(manufacturing)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Manufacturing manager – 1321
3123 Construction Supervisors
Construction supervisors coordinate, supervise
and schedule the activities of workers engaged in the construction and repair
of buildings and structures.
Tasks include –
(a)
reading specifications to determine construction requirements and
planning procedures;
(b)
organizing and coordinating the material and human resources required to
complete jobs;
(c) examining
and inspecting work progress;
(d)
examining equipment and construction sites to ensure that health and
safety requirements are met;
(e)
supervising construction sites and coordinating work with other
construction projects;
(f)
supervising the activities of building trades workers, labourers and
other construction workers.
Examples of the occupations classified here:
▪ Building construction supervisor
▪ Site manager (construction)
Some
related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Construction project manager –
1323
▪ Project builder – 1323
▪ Clerk of works – 3112
Minor
Group 313
Process
Control Technicians
Process control technicians operate and monitor
switchboards, computerized control systems and multi-function process control
machinery; and maintain processing units in electrical power generation and
distribution, wastewater, sewage treatment and waste disposal plants, chemical,
petroleum and natural gas refineries, in metal processing and other multiple
process operations.
Tasks performed usually include: operating
electronic or computerized control panel from a central control room to monitor
and optimize processes; controlling process start-up and shut-down; operating
and monitoring switchboards and related equipment; monitoring and inspecting
equipment and systems to detect malfunctions; taking readings from charts,
meters and gauges at established intervals; troubleshooting and take corrective
action as necessary; maintaining
records, logs and reports; communicating with other personnel to assess
equipment operating status; cleaning and maintaining equipment; supervising
plant and machine operators, assemblers and other workers.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3131 Power Production
Plant Operators
3132 Incinerator and
Water Treatment Plant Operators
3133 Chemical
Processing Plant Controllers
3134 Petroleum and
Natural Gas Refining Plant Operators
3135 Metal Production
Process Controllers
3139 Process Control
Technicians Not Elsewhere Classified
Notes
In some jobs, the work of process control
technicians may be combined with supervision of staff in other occupations,
such as plant and machine operators and assemblers. These jobs should be classified in Minor Group
313: Process Control Technicians, unless supervision of other workers is the
clearly predominant element of the work and the process control activities are
relatively simple. For example, a
chemical processing plant controller who operates and monitors chemical
processing units and equipment from a central control room, and also supervises
the activities of chemical products plant and machine operators, should be
classified in Unit Group 3133: Chemical Processing Plant Controllers. A
supervisor of assemblers, however, who is also responsible for start-up and
shut-down of a partially automated assembly line is classified in Unit Group 3122: Manufacturing Supervisors.
Operators of single process plant and machines, or
of machinery that does not involve automated control of multiple processes, are
not included in Minor Group 313: Process Control Technicians. Such occupations are mainly classified in
Major Group 8: Plant and machine operators, and assemblers.
All mining plant operators are classified in Unit Group
8111: Miners and Quarriers
3131 Power Production Plant Operators
Power production plant operators operate,
monitor and maintain switchboards and related equipment in electrical control centres
which control the production and distribution of electrical or other power in
transmission networks. The equipment operated includes reactors, turbines,
generators and other auxiliary equipment in electrical power-generating
stations.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating, monitoring and inspecting various types of energy-generating
power plants;
(b)
operating and controlling power-generating systems and equipment
including boilers, turbines, generators, condensers and reactors in hydro,
thermal, coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear power plants to generate and
distribute electrical power;
(c)
controlling start-up and shut-down of power plant equipment, controlling
switching operations, regulating water levels and communicating with systems
operators to regulate and coordinate transmission loads, frequency and line
voltages;
(d)
taking readings from charts, meters and gauges at established intervals,
troubleshooting and performing corrective action as necessary;
(e)
completing and maintaining station records, logs and reports, and
communicating with other plant personnel to assess equipment operating status;
(f)
cleaning and maintaining equipment such as generators, boilers,
turbines, pumps and compressors in order to prevent equipment failure or
deterioration.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Distribution control operator
▪ Electric power plant operator
▪ Generating station operator
▪ Hydroelectric power plant operator
▪ Nuclear power plant operator
▪ Power system operator
▪ Solar power plant operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Steam engine and boiler operators – 8182
3132 Incinerator and Water Treatment
Plant Operators
Incinerator and water treatment plant operators
monitor and operate computerized control systems and related equipment in solid
and liquid waste treatment plants to regulate the treatment and disposal of
sewage and wastes, and in water filtration and treatment plants to regulate the
treatment and distribution of water.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring computerized control systems, machinery and
related equipment in wastewater treatment, sewage treatment, and liquid waste
plants to regulate flow, treatment and disposal of sewage and wastes, and in
water filtration and treatment plants to regulate the treatment and
distribution of water for human consumption and for later disposal into natural
water systems;
(b)
controlling the operation of multiple-hearth incinerator furnaces and
related equipment to burn sludge and solid waste in waste treatment plants;
(c)
inspecting equipment and monitoring operating conditions, meters,
filters, chlorinators and gauges in central control rooms to determine load
requirements, to verify that flows, pressures and temperatures are within
specification, and to detect malfunctions;
(d)
monitoring and adjusting controls of auxiliary equipment such as exhaust
emissions, scrubbers and incinerator heat recovery units;
(e)
collecting and testing water and sewage samples for chemical and
bacterial content, using test equipment and colour analysis standards;
(f) analysing
test results to make adjustments to plant equipment and systems to disinfect
and deodorize water and other liquids;
(g)
performing security and safety checks in plant and on grounds;
(h)
completing and maintaining plant logs and reports.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Incinerator operator
▪ Liquid waste process operator
▪ Pumping-station operator
▪ Sewage plant operator
▪ Wastewater operator
▪ Water treatment plant operator
3133 Chemical Processing Plant
Controllers
Chemical processing plant controllers operate
and monitor chemical plants and related multi-function process control machinery,
and adjust and maintain processing units and equipment which distil, filter,
separate, heat or refine chemicals.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating electronic or computerized control panels from a central
control room to monitor and optimize physical and chemical processes for
several processing units;
(b)
adjusting equipment, valves, pumps, controls and process equipment;
(c)
controlling the preparation, measuring and feeding of raw materials and
processing agents such as catalysts and filtering media into plant;
(d)
controlling process start-up and shut-down, troubleshooting and
monitoring outside process equipment;
(e)
verifying equipment for malfunctions, carrying out routine operating
tests and arranging for maintenance;
(f) analysing
sample products, performing tests, recording data and writing production logs.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Chemical filtering and separating
equipment operator
▪ Chemical heat treating plant
operator
▪ Chemical process technician
▪ Chemical still and reactor
operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Petroleum and natural gas refining plant operator – 3134
▪
Chemical products plant and machine operator – 8131
3134 Petroleum
and Natural Gas Refining Plant Operators
Petroleum and natural gas refining plant
operators operate and monitor plants and adjust and maintain processing units
and equipment which refine, distil and treat petroleum, petroleum-based
products and by-products, or natural gas.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating electronic or computerized control panels from a central
control room to monitor and optimize physical and chemical processes for
several processing units;
(b)
adjusting equipment, valves, pumps, controls and process equipment;
(c)
controlling process start-up and shut-down, troubleshooting and
monitoring outside process equipment;
(d)
verifying equipment for malfunctions, testing well pipes for leaks and
fractures and arranging for maintenance;
(e) analysing
sample products, performing tests, recording data and writing production logs.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Blender operator (petroleum and
natural gas refining )
▪ Gas plant operator
▪ Paraffin plant operator
▪ Petroleum process operator
▪ Refinery process technician
▪ Still operator (petroleum and
natural gas refining)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Chemical processing plant
controller – 3133
▪ Chemical products plant and
machine operator – 8131
3135 Metal Production Process Controllers
Metal production process controllers operate
and monitor multi-function process control machinery and equipment to control
the processing of metal converting and refining furnaces, metal-rolling mills,
metal heat-treating or metal-extrusion plant.
Tasks include –
(a)
coordinating and monitoring the operation of a particular aspect of
metal processing production through control panels, computer terminals or other
control systems, usually from a central control room;
(b)
operating multi-function central process control machinery to grind,
separate, filter, melt, roast, treat, refine or otherwise process metals;
(c)
observing computer printouts, video monitors and gauges to verify
specified processing conditions and to make necessary adjustments;
(d)
coordinating and supervising production crew such as machine and process
operators, assistants and helpers;
(e)
starting up and shutting down the production system in cases of
emergency or as required by schedule;
(f)
providing and organizing training for members of production crews;
(g)
maintaining shift logs of production and other data and preparing
production and other reports.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Blast furnace operator
▪ Central control caster
▪ Rolling mill control operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Ladle pourer – 8121
▪ Steel roller – 8121
▪ Metal finishing machine operator –
8122
3139 Process Control Technicians
Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers process control
technicians not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 313: Process Control Technicians. For instance, the unit group includes those
who operate multiple process control equipment in manufacturing assembly lines
and paper and pulp production.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Automated assembly line operator
▪ Industrial robot controller
▪ Panel board operator (pulp and
paper)
▪ Paper pulp refinery operator
▪ Pulping control operator
▪ Pulping technician
Note
All mining plant operators are classified in Unit Group
8111: Miners and Quarriers.
Minor
Group 314
Life Science
Technicians and Related Associate Professionals
Life science technicians and related associate
professionals perform a variety of technical tasks to support life science
professionals with their research, development, management, conservation and
protection work, in areas such as biology, botany, zoology, biotechnology and
biochemistry, and to agriculture, fisheries and forestry.
Tasks performed usually include: conducting
tests, experiments, laboratory analyses, field research and surveys to collect
information by using accepted scientific methods; keeping records; assisting in
analysing data and preparing reports; operating and maintaining equipment.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3141 Life Science
Technicians (excluding Medical)
3142 Agricultural
Technicians
3143 Forestry
Technicians
3141 Life Science Technicians
(excluding Medical)
Life science technicians (excluding medical)
provide technical support to life science professionals undertaking research,
analysis and testing of living organisms, and development and application of
products and processes resulting from research in areas such as natural
resource management, environmental protection, plant and animal biology,
microbiology, and cell and molecular biology.
Tasks include –
(a) assisting in designing, setting up and
conducting experiments;
(b) setting up, calibrating, operating and
maintaining laboratory instruments and equipment;
(c) collecting and preparing specimens and
samples, chemical solutions and slides and growing cultures for use in
experiments;
(d) performing routine field and laboratory
tests;
(e) monitoring experiments to ensure adherence
to correct laboratory quality control procedures and health and safety
guidelines;
(f) making observations of tests and analysing,
calculating, recording and reporting test results using appropriate scientific
methods;
(g) preserving, classifying and cataloguing
specimens and samples;
(h) keeping detailed logs of worked performed;
(i)
using computers to develop models and analyse data;
(j)
using complex and high-powered equipment to perform work;
(k)
participating in the research, development and manufacture of products and
processes;
(l) ordering and stocking laboratory supplies;
(m)
maintaining relevant databases.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bacteriology technician
▪ Biochemistry technician
▪ Herbarium technician
▪ Pharmacology technician
▪ Serology technician
▪ Tissue culture technician
▪ Zoology technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Forensic science technician – 3119
▪ Medical laboratory technician –
3212
▪ Pathology laboratory technician –
3212
▪ Pharmaceutical technician – 3213
3142 Agricultural Technicians
Agricultural technicians perform tests and
experiments, and provide technical and scientific support to agricultural
scientists, farmers and farm managers.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing materials and equipment for experiments, tests and analyses;
(b) collecting
and preparing specimens such as soils, plant or animal cells, tissues or parts
of animal organs for experiments, tests and analyses;
(c)
assisting with and performing experiments, tests and analyses applying
methods and techniques such as microscopy, histochemistry, chromatography,
electrophoresis and spectroscopy;
(d)
identifying pathogenic micro-organisms and insects, parasites, fungi and
weeds harmful to crops and livestock, and assisting in devising methods of
control;
(e)
analysing produce to set and maintain standards of quality;
(f)
conducting or supervising operational programmes such as fish hatchery,
greenhouse and livestock production programmes;
(g)
analysing samples of seeds for quality, purity and germination rating;
(h)
collecting data and estimating quantities and costs of materials and
labour required for projects;
(i)
organizing maintenance and repairs of research equipment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dairy technician
▪ Field crop technician
▪ Herd tester
▪ Horticultural technician
▪ Poultry technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Artificial inseminator – 3240
▪ Veterinary technician – 3240
3143 Forestry Technicians
Forestry technicians perform technical and
supervisory functions in support of forestry research and forest management,
harvesting, resource conservation and environmental protection.
Tasks include –
(a)
conducting forest inventories, surveys and field measurements following
accepted scientific and operational procedures;
(b)
assisting in and performing technical functions in the preparation of
forest management and harvest plans using photogrammetric and mapping
techniques and computerized information systems;
(c)
assisting in planning and supervision of construction of access routes
and forest roads;
(d)
implementing, supervising and performing technical functions in
silvicultural operations involving site preparation, planting, and tending of
tree crops;
(e)
coordinating activities such as timber scaling, forest fire suppression,
disease or insect control or pre-commercial thinning of forest stands;
(f)
supervising and performing technical functions in forest harvesting
operations;
(g)
ensuring adherence to regulations and policies concerning environmental
protection, resource utilization, fire safety and accident prevention;
(h)
supervising forest tree nursery operations;
(i)
providing technical support to forestry research programmes in areas
such as tree improvement, seed orchard operations, insect and disease surveys
or experimental forestry and forest engineering research;
(j)
preparing forest cultivation and cutting plans.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Forestry technician
▪ Silviculture technician
Minor
Group 315
Ship
and Aircraft Controllers and Technicians
Ship and aircraft controllers and technicians
command and navigate ships and aircraft; perform technical functions to ensure
safe and efficient movement and operations; and develop electrical,
electromechanical and computerized air control systems.
Tasks performed usually include: controlling
the operation of mechanical, electrical and electronic equipment on board ship
or on aircraft, commanding and navigating ships or aircraft, directing the
movements of ships or aircraft and developing electrical, electromechanical and
computerized air control systems.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3151 Ships’ Engineers
3152 Ships’ Deck
Officers and Pilots
3153 Aircraft Pilots
and Related Associate Professionals
3154 Air Traffic
Controllers
3155 Air Traffic
Safety Electronics Technicians
3151 Ships' Engineers
Ships’ engineers control and participate in the
operation, maintenance and repair of mechanical, electrical and electronic
equipment and machinery on board ship, or perform related supporting functions
on shore.
Tasks include –
(a) controlling
and participating in the operation, maintenance and repair of mechanical,
electrical and electronic equipment and machinery on board ship;
(b)
ordering fuel and other engine-room department stores and maintaining
records of operations;
(c) performing
technical supervision of the installation, maintenance and repair of ships’
machinery and equipment to ensure compliance with specifications and
regulations;
(d)
inspecting and conducting maintenance and emergency repairs to engines,
machinery and auxiliary equipment;
(e)
standing engine room watch, monitoring and noting performance of
engines, machinery and auxiliary equipment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Ships’ engineer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Marine engineer – 2144
3152 Ships' Deck Officers and Pilots
Ships’ deck officers and pilots command and
navigate ships and similar vessels, and perform related functions on shore.
Tasks include –
(a)
commanding and navigating ship or similar vessel at sea or on inland
waterways;
(b)
controlling and participating in deck and bridge watch activities;
(c)
navigating vessels into and out of ports and through channels, straits
and other waters where special knowledge is required;
(d)
ensuring safe loading and unloading of cargo and observance of safety
regulations and procedures by crew and passengers;
(e)
performing technical supervision of maintenance and repair of ships to
ensure compliance with specifications and regulations;
(f)
applying knowledge of principles and practices relating to ships’
operation and navigation in order to identify and solve problems arising in the
course of their work;
(g)
ordering ships’ stores, recruiting crew as required and maintaining
records of operations;
(h)
transmitting and receiving routine and emergency information with shore
stations and other ships.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Pilot (ship)
▪ Ship’s captain
▪ Skipper (yacht)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Coastal fishery skipper – 6222
▪ Trawler skipper – 6223
▪ Sailor – 8350
3153 Aircraft Pilots and Related
Associate Professionals
Aircraft pilots and related associate
professionals control the operation of mechanical, electrical and electronic
equipment, in order to navigate aircraft for transporting passengers, mail and
freight and perform related pre-flight and in-flight tasks.
Tasks include –
(a)
flying and navigating aircraft in accordance with established control
and operating procedures;
(b)
preparing and submitting flight plans or examining standard flight plans;
(c)
controlling the operation of mechanical, electrical and electronic
equipment and ensuring that all instruments and controls work properly;
(d)
applying knowledge of principles and practices of flying in order to
identify and solve problems arising in the course of their work;
(e)
examining maintenance records and conducting inspections to ensure that
aircraft are mechanically sound, maintenance has been performed and that all
equipment is operational;
(f)
signing necessary certificates and maintaining official records of
flight;
(g)
obtaining briefings and clearances before flights and maintaining
contact with air traffic or flight control during flight.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Aerial crop sprayer
▪ Flight engineer
▪ Flying instructor
▪ Navigator (flight)
▪ Pilot (aircraft)
3154 Air Traffic Controllers
Air traffic controllers direct aircraft
movements in airspace and on the ground, using radio, radar and lighting
systems, and provide information relevant to the operation of aircraft.
Tasks include –
(a)
directing and controlling aircraft approaching and leaving airport and
their movement on the ground;
(b)
directing and controlling aircraft operating in designated airspace
sectors;
(c)
examining and approving flight plans;
(d)
informing flight crew and operations staff about weather conditions,
operational facilities, flight plans and air traffic;
(e)
applying knowledge of principles and practices of air traffic control in
order to identify and solve problems arising in the course of their work;
(f)
initiating and organizing emergency, search and rescue services and
procedures;
(g)
directing activities of all aircraft and service vehicles on or near
airport runways;
(h)
maintaining radio and telephone contact with adjacent control towers,
terminal control units and other control centres, and coordinating the movement
of aircraft into adjoining areas.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Air traffic controller
3155 Air Traffic Safety Electronics
Technicians
Air traffic safety electronics technicians
perform technical tasks concerning the design, installation, management,
operation, maintenance and repair of air traffic control and air navigation
systems.
Tasks include –
(a)
carrying out technical duties related to the development of electronic
and computerized air navigation systems and equipment, and testing prototypes;
(b)
providing technical help in the design and layout of specific interface
circuitry of air navigation and aircraft detection tracking systems;
(c)
preparing and contributing to the preparation of cost estimates and
technical and training specifications for air traffic control and safety
equipment;
(d)
providing or assisting with the technical supervision of construction,
installation and operation of ground-based air navigation equipment and its
maintenance and repair to ensure that standards and specifications are met;
(e) applying the knowledge and skills of air
traffic safety engineering principles and practices in order to identify and
solve problems arising in the course of their work;
(f) developing,
modifying and debugging system software;
(g)
modifying existing ground-based air navigation systems and equipment to
adapt them to new air traffic control procedures, in order to improve capability, reliability
and integrity, or to facilitate air traffic control procedures and airspace
designation;
(h)
controlling, monitoring and certifying communication navigation and
surveillance air traffic management equipment, and calibrating the ground-based
air navigation system to ensure maximum accuracy and safety of flight, take-off
and landing operations;
(i) providing
technical training and supervising other workers.
Example of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Air traffic safety engineer
▪
Air traffic safety technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Aeronautical engineer – 2144
▪
Electronics engineer – 2152
▪
Aeromechanic – 7232
▪
Aircraft maintenance engineer (avionics) – 7421
▪
Avionics technician – 7421
Sub-major Group 32
Health Associate Professionals
Health associate professionals perform
technical and practical tasks to support diagnosis and treatment of illness,
disease, injuries and impairments in humans and animals, and to support
implementation of health care, treatment and referral plans usually established
by medical, veterinary, nursing and other health professionals. Competent
performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the
third ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in the sub-major
group usually include: testing and operating medical imaging equipment and
administering radiation therapy; performing clinical tests on specimens of
bodily fluids and tissues; preparing medications and other pharmaceutical
compounds under the guidance of pharmacists; designing, fitting, servicing and
repairing medical and dental devices and appliances; providing nursing and personal care and
midwifery support services; using herbal and other therapies based on theories,
beliefs and experiences originating in specific cultures.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
321 Medical and
Pharmaceutical Technicians
322 Nursing and
Midwifery Associate Professionals
323 Traditional and
Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals
324 Veterinary
Technicians and Assistants
325 Other Health
Associate Professionals
Minor
Group 321
Medical
and Pharmaceutical Technicians
Medical and pharmaceutical technicians perform
technical tasks to assist in diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease,
injuries and impairments.
Tasks performed usually include: testing and
operating radiographic, ultrasound and other medical imaging equipment;
administering radiopharmaceuticals or radiation to patients to detect or treat
diseases; performing clinical tests on specimens of bodily fluids and tissues;
preparing medications and other pharmaceutical compounds under the guidance of
pharmacists; designing, fitting, servicing and repairing medical and dental
devices and appliances.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3211 Medical Imaging
and Therapeutic Equipment Technicians
3212 Medical and
Pathology Laboratory Technicians
3213 Pharmaceutical Technicians and Assistants
3214 Medical and
Dental Prosthetic Technicians
3211 Medical Imaging and Therapeutic
Equipment Technicians
Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment
technicians test and operate radiographic, ultrasound and other medical imaging
equipment to produce images of body structures for the diagnosis and treatment
of injury, disease and other impairments. They may administer radiation
treatments to patients under the supervision of a radiologist or other health
professional.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating or overseeing operation of radiologic, ultrasound and magnetic
imaging equipment to produce images of the body for diagnostic purposes;
(b)
explaining procedures, observing and positioning patients, and using
protection devices to ensure safety and comfort during examination, scan or
treatment;
(c)
positioning imaging or treatment equipment, monitoring video displays,
and adjusting settings and controls according to technical specifications;
(d)
reviewing and evaluating developed X-rays, videotape, or computer-generated
information to determine if images are satisfactory for diagnostic purposes,
and recording results of procedures;
(e)
monitoring patients’ conditions and reactions, reporting abnormal signs
to a medical practitioner;
(f)
measuring and recording radiation dosage or radiopharmaceuticals received
and used for patients, following prescriptions issued by a medical
practitioner;
(g)
administering, detecting and mapping radiopharmaceuticals or radiation
in patients’ bodies, using radioisotope, camera or other equipment for
diagnosing and treating diseases;
(h)
recording and disposing of radioactive materials and storing
radiopharmaceuticals, following radiation safety procedures.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Diagnostic medical radiographer
▪ Magnetic resonance
imaging technologist
▪ Mammographer
▪ Medical radiation therapist
▪ Nuclear medicine technologist
▪ Radiographer
▪ Sonographer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Medical physicist – 2111
▪ Radiologist – 2212
▪ Radiation protection expert – 2263
▪ Medical imaging assistant – 5329
3212 Medical and Pathology Laboratory
Technicians
Medical and pathology laboratory technicians
perform clinical tests on specimens of bodily fluids and tissues in order to
obtain information about the health of a patient or cause of death.
Tasks include –
(a)
conducting chemical analysis of body fluids, including blood, urine and
spinal fluid, to determine presence of normal and abnormal components;
(b)
operating, calibrating and maintaining equipment used in quantitative
and qualitative analysis, such as spectrophotometers, calorimeters, flame
photometers and computer-controlled analysers;
(c)
entering data from analysis of laboratory tests and clinical results
into record-keeping systems, and reporting results to medical practitioners and
other health professionals;
(d) analysing
samples of biological material for chemical content or reaction;
(e)
setting up, cleaning and maintaining laboratory equipment;
(f) analysing
laboratory findings to check the accuracy of the results;
(g)
establishing and monitoring programmes to ensure the accuracy of
laboratory results, and developing, standardizing, evaluating and modifying
procedures, techniques and tests used in the analysis of specimens;
(h)
obtaining specimens, cultivating, isolating and identifying
microorganisms for analysis;
(i) examining cells stained with dye to locate
abnormalities;
(j) inoculating fertilized eggs, broths, or other
bacteriological media with organisms.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Blood-bank technician
▪
Cytology technician
▪
Medical laboratory technician
▪
Pathology technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Pathologist – 2212
▪ Forensic science technician – 3119
▪ Veterinary technician – 3240
▪ Phlebotomist – 5329
3213 Pharmaceutical Technicians
and Assistants
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
perform a variety of tasks associated with dispensing medicinal products under
the guidance of a pharmacist or other health professional.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing medications and other pharmaceutical compounds under the
guidance of a pharmacist or other health professional;
(b)
dispensing medicines and drugs to clients and giving written and oral
instructions on their use, as prescribed by medical doctors, veterinarians or
other health professionals;
(c)
receiving prescriptions or refill requests from health professionals and
verifying that information is complete and accurate according to medical record-keeping
standards;
(d)
maintaining proper storage and security conditions for drugs;
(e)
filling and labelling containers with prescribed medications;
(f)
assisting clients by answering questions, locating items or referring
them to a pharmacist for medication information;
(g)
pricing and filing prescriptions that have been filled and establishing
and maintaining patient records, including lists of medications taken by
individual patients;
(h) ordering,
labelling, and counting stocks of medications, chemicals and supplies, and
entering inventory data into record-keeping systems;
(i)
cleaning and preparing equipment and containers used to prepare and
dispense medicines and pharmaceutical compounds.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dispensing
technician
▪ Pharmaceutical assistant
▪ Pharmaceutical technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Pharmacist – 2262
▪ Pharmacology technician – 3141
▪ Pharmacy aide – 5329
3214 Medical and Dental Prosthetic
Technicians
Medical and dental prosthetic technicians
design, fit, service and repair medical and dental devices and appliances
following prescriptions or instructions established by a health professional.
They may service a wide range of support instruments to correct physical
medical or dental problems, such as neck braces, orthopaedic splints,
artificial limbs, hearing aides, arch supports, dentures, and dental crowns and
bridges.
Tasks include –
(a)
examining, interviewing and measuring patients in order to determine
their appliance needs, and to identify factors that could affect appliance fit;
(b)
conferring with medical and dental practitioners in order to formulate
specifications and prescriptions for devices and appliances;
(c)
interpreting prescriptions or specifications to determine the type of
product or device to be fabricated, and the materials and tools that will be
required;
(d)
making or receiving casts or impressions of patients’ torsos, limbs, mouths
or teeth for use as fabrication patterns;
(e)
designing and making orthotic and prosthetic devices using materials
such as thermoplastic and thermosetting materials, metal alloys and leather,
and hand and power tools;
(f)
fitting appliances and devices to patients, testing and evaluating them,
and making adjustments for proper fit, function and comfort;
(g)
repairing, modifying and maintaining medical and dental prosthetic and
supportive devices, according to specifications;
(h)
bending, forming and shaping fabric or material so that it conforms to
prescribed contours needed to fabricate structural components;
(i)
fabricating full and partial dentures and constructing mouth guards,
crowns, metal clasps, inlays, bridgework and other aids;
(j) instructing
patients in the use and care of prosthetic or orthotic devices.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dental mechanic
▪ Dental technician
▪ Denturist
▪ Orthopaedic appliance maker
▪ Orthotic technician
▪ Orthotist
▪ Prosthetic technician
▪ Prosthetist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Dental aide – 5329
▪ Surgical instrument maker – 7311
Note
Occupations included in this unit normally require
some medical, dental and anatomical and engineering knowledge obtained through
formal training. Technicians who construct and repair precision medical and
surgical instruments are not included here.
Minor
Group 322
Nursing
and Midwifery Associate Professionals
Nursing and midwifery associate professionals
provide basic nursing and personal care for people who are physically or
mentally ill, disabled or infirm, and for others in need of care due to
potential risks to health including before, during and after childbirth. They
generally work under the supervision of, and in support of, implementation of
health care, treatment and referrals plans established by medical, nursing,
midwifery and other health professionals.
Tasks performed usually include: providing nursing
and personal care, treatment and advice to patients according to care plans
established by health professionals; assisting professional nurses, midwives
and medical doctors in administering medication and treatments; cleaning wounds
and applying surgical dressings; providing advice to individuals, families and
communities on topics related to health, contraception, pregnancy and
childbirth; assessing progress during pregnancy and childbirth, providing or
assisting in delivery care and recognizing signs and symptoms requiring
referral to a health professional; providing care and support to women and
newborns following childbirth.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3221 Nursing Associate
professionals
3222 Midwifery
Associate professionals
Note
The distinctions between nursing and midwifery
professionals and associate professionals should be made on the basis of the
nature of the work performed in relation to the tasks specified in this
definition and in the relevant unit group definitions. The qualifications held
by individuals or that predominate in the country are not the main factor in
making this distinction, as training arrangements for nurses and midwives vary
widely between countries and have varied over time within countries.
3221 Nursing Associate Professionals
Nursing associate professionals provide basic
nursing and personal care for people in need of such care due to effects of
ageing, illness, injury, or other physical or mental impairment. They generally
work under the supervision of, and in support of, implementation of health
care, treatment and referrals plans established by medical, nursing and other
health professionals.
Tasks include –
(a)
providing nursing and personal care and treatment and health advice to patients
according to care plans established by health professionals;
(b)
administering medications and other treatments to patients, monitoring
patients’ condition and responses to treatment, and referring patients and
their families to a health professional for specialized care as needed;
(c)
cleaning wounds and applying surgical dressings;
(d)
updating information on patients’ condition and treatments received in
record-keeping systems;
(e)
assisting in planning and managing the care of individual patients;
(f)
assisting in giving first-aid treatment in emergencies.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Assistant nurse
▪ Associate professional nurse
▪ Enrolled nurse
▪ Practical nurse
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Clinical nurse consultant – 2221
▪
Professional nurse – 2221
▪
Specialist nurse – 2221
▪
Professional midwife – 2222
▪
Associate professional midwife – 3222
▪
Nursing aide (clinic or hospital) – 5321
▪
Nursing aide (home) – 5322
Note
The distinction between professional and associate
professional nurses should be made on the basis of the nature of the work
performed in relation to the tasks specified in this definition. The
qualifications held by individuals or that predominate in the country are not
the main factor in making this distinction, as training arrangements for nurses
vary widely between countries and have varied over time within countries.
3222 Midwifery Associate Professionals
Midwifery associate professionals provide basic
health care and advice before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth. They
implement care, treatment and referral plans usually established by medical,
midwifery and other health professionals.
Tasks include –
(a)
providing advice to women, families and communities on health,
nutrition, hygiene, exercise, birth and emergency plans, breastfeeding, infant
care, family planning and contraception, lifestyle and other topics related to
pregnancy and childbirth;
(b)
assessing progress during pregnancy and childbirth, and recognizing
signs and symptoms requiring referral to a health professional;
(c)
providing delivery care, usually only in the absence of identified
potential complications, or assisting medical doctors or midwifery professionals
with delivery care;
(d)
providing care and support to women and newborns following childbirth,
monitoring their health status, and identifying signs and symptoms requiring
referral to a health professional.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Assistant midwife
▪ Traditional midwife
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Clinical nurse consultant – 2221
▪ Professional nurse – 2221
▪ Specialist nurse – 2221
▪ Professional midwife – 2222
▪ Birth assistant – 5321
Notes
This unit group includes
occupations for which competent performance requires knowledge and skills in routine and emergency
midwifery care acquired
through formal or informal training. The
criteria for inclusion of individuals in this unit group should be based on the
nature of the work performed in relation to the tasks specified in this
definition, and not the qualifications held by individuals or that predominate
in the country. Traditional and lay midwives, who provide basic pregnancy and
birthing care and advice based primarily on experience and knowledge acquired
informally through the traditions and practices of the communities where they
originated, are classified here.
Birth assistants, who provide emotional support and
general care and advice to women and families during pregnancy and labour, are
classified in Minor Group 532: Personal
care workers in health services.
Minor
Group 323
Traditional
and Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals
Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals prevent, care for and treat human physical and mental illnesses, disorders and injuries using herbal and other therapies based on theories, beliefs and experiences originating in specific cultures. They administer treatments using traditional techniques and medicaments, either acting independently or according to therapeutic care plans established by a traditional medicine or other health professional.
Tasks performed usually include: examining
patients and interviewing them and their families to determine their health
status and the nature of physical or mental disorders or illnesses or other
ailments; recommending and providing care and treatment for illnesses and other
ailments using traditional techniques and medicaments, such as physical
manipulation and exercises, blood-letting using natural vessels, and
preparations using herbs, plants, insects and animal extracts; administering treatments such as acupuncture, ayurvedic,
homeopathic and herbal medicine according to therapeutic care plans and
procedures usually developed by a traditional medicine or other health
professional; providing
care and treatment for physical injuries such as setting and healing fractured
and dislocated bones using traditional methods of physical manipulation and
herbal therapies; advising individuals, families and the community on health,
nutrition, hygiene, lifestyle and other issues to maintain or improve health
and well-being; referring patients to, and exchanging information with, other
health care providers to ensure comprehensive and continuing care.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
3230 Traditional and
Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals
3230 Traditional and Complementary
Medicine Associate Professionals
Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals prevent, care for and treat human physical and mental illnesses, disorders and injuries using herbal and other therapies based on theories, beliefs and experiences originating in specific cultures. They administer treatments using traditional techniques and medicaments, either acting independently or according to therapeutic care plans established by a traditional medicine or other health professional.
Tasks include –
(a)
examining patients and interviewing them and their families to determine
their health status and the nature of physical or mental disorders or illnesses
or other ailments;
(b)
recommending and providing care and treatment for illnesses and other
ailments using traditional techniques and medicaments, such as physical
manipulation and exercises, blood-letting using natural vessels, and
preparations using herbs, plants, insects and animal extracts;
(c)
administering treatments such as
acupuncture, ayurvedic, homeopathic and herbal medicine according to
therapeutic care plans and procedures usually developed by a traditional
medicine or other health professional;
(d)
providing care and treatment for physical injuries such as setting and
healing fractured and dislocated bones using traditional methods of physical
manipulation and herbal therapies;
(e)
advising individuals, families and the community on health, nutrition,
hygiene, lifestyle and other issues to maintain or improve health and
well-being;
(f)
referring patients to, and exchanging information with, other health
care providers to ensure comprehensive and continuing care.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Acupuncture technician
▪ Ayurvedic technician
▪ Bonesetter
▪ Herbalist
▪ Homeopathy
technician
▪ Scraping and cupping therapist
▪ Village healer
▪ Witch doctor
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Acupuncturist – 2230
▪ Ayurvedic practitioner – 2230
▪ Chinese herbal medicine
practitioner – 2230
▪ Homeopath – 2230
▪ Naturopath – 2230
▪ Chiropractor – 2269
▪ Osteopath – 2269
▪ Traditional midwife – 3222
▪ Acupressure therapist – 3255
▪ Hydrotherapist – 3255
▪ Faith healer – 3413
Notes
Occupations in traditional and complementary for
which competent performance requires an extensive understanding of the benefits
and applications of traditional and complementary therapies, developed as the
result of extended formal study of these techniques as well as human anatomy
and elements of modern medicine, are classified in Unit Group 2230: Traditional
and Complementary Medicine Professionals.
Those occupations whose practice requires a less extensive understanding,
based on relatively short periods of formal or informal education and training,
or informally through the traditions and practices of the communities where
they originated, are included in Unit Group 3230: Traditional and Complementary
Medicine Associate Professionals.
Practitioners working in the singular application of approaches to
herbal medicines, spiritual therapies or manual therapeutic techniques are
excluded from Unit Group 2230.
Faith healers who treat human ailments through
spiritual therapies, without using herbal therapies or other medicaments or
physical treatments, are included in Unit Group 3413: Religious Associate Professionals.
Occupations that provide therapy using traditional
forms of massage and the application of pressure, such as acupressure and
shiatsu therapists, are classified in Unit Group 3255: Physiotherapy Technicians
and Assistants.
Traditional and lay midwives, who provide basic
pregnancy and birthing care and advice based primarily on experience and
knowledge acquired informally through the traditions and practices of the
communities where they originated, are classified in Unit Group 3222: Midwifery
Associate Professionals.
Minor
Group 324
Veterinary
Technicians and Assistants
Veterinary technicians and assistants carry out
advisory, diagnostic, preventive and curative veterinary tasks more limited in
scope and complexity than those carried out by veterinarians. They care for animals under treatment and in
temporary residence at veterinary facilities and assist veterinarians to
perform procedures and operations.
Tasks performed usually include: advising
communities and individuals on the treatment of animals and their diseases and
injuries; conducting examinations of animals to make diagnoses or refer more
difficult cases to veterinarians when needed; treating ill or injured animals,
especially for common diseases and disorders; cleaning and sterilising
examination tables and instruments and preparing materials used in the
examination and treatment of animals; carrying out technical tasks connected
with artificial insemination of animals; getting animals ready for examination
or treatment and restraining or holding them during treatment; assisting veterinarians to administer
anaesthetics and oxygen during treatment; placing animals in cages for recovery
from operations and monitoring their condition.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
3240 Veterinary
Technicians and Assistants
3240 Veterinary Technicians
and Assistants
Veterinary technicians and assistants carry out
advisory, diagnostic, preventive and curative veterinary tasks, more limited in
scope and complexity than those carried out by, and with the guidance of,
veterinarians. They care for animals under treatment and in temporary residence
at veterinary facilities, perform routine procedures and assist veterinarians
to perform procedures and operations.
Tasks include –
(a)
advising communities and individuals on the treatment of animals and
their diseases and injuries;
(b)
conducting examinations of animals to make diagnoses or refer more
difficult cases to veterinarians when needed;
(c)
treating ill or injured animals, especially for common diseases and
disorders;
(d)
cleaning and sterilising examination tables and instruments and
preparing materials used in the examination and treatment of animals;
(e)
carrying out technical tasks connected with artificial insemination of
animals;
(f)
getting animals ready for examination or treatment and restraining or
holding them during treatment;
(g)
assisting veterinarians to administer anaesthetics and oxygen during
treatment;
(h)
placing animals in cages for recovery from operations and monitoring
their condition;
(i)
producing radiographs, collecting samples, and performing other
laboratory tests to assist in diagnosis of animal health problems;
(j)
performing routine animal dental procedures and assisting veterinarians
with animal dentistry.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Artificial inseminator
▪ Veterinary assistant
▪ Veterinary nurse
▪ Veterinary vaccinator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Veterinarian – 2250
▪ Animal attendant – 5164
▪ Veterinary aide – 5164
Minor
Group 325
Other
Health Associate Professionals
Other health associate professionals perform
technical tasks and provide support services in dentistry, medical records
administration, community health, the correction of reduced visual acuity,
physiotherapy, environmental health, emergency medical treatment and other
activities to support and promote human health.
Tasks performed usually include: providing
basic care services for the prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders
of the teeth and mouth; advising communities and individuals on hygiene, diet
and other preventive measures to reduce potential risks to health; compiling
and maintaining patients’ medical records to document condition and treatment
and to provide data for research, billing, cost control and care improvement; assisting families to develop the necessary
skills and resources to improve their health status; providing advice and education on sanitation
and hygiene to limit the spread of infectious diseases; fitting and dispensing
optical lenses; investigating the
implementation of rules and regulations relating to environmental and
occupational factors that may potentially affect human health; massaging the
soft tissues of the body; showing patients to examination rooms and preparing
them for examination; attending and responding to accidents and emergencies and
to requests for medical assistance.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3251 Dental Assistants
and Therapists
3252 Medical Records
and Health Information Technicians
3253 Community Health
Workers
3254 Dispensing
Opticians
3255 Physiotherapy
Technicians and Assistants
3256 Medical
Assistants
3257 Environmental and
Occupational Health Inspectors and Associates
3258 Ambulance Workers
3259 Health Associate
Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
3251 Dental Assistants and Therapists
Dental assistants and therapists provide basic
dental care services for the prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders
of the teeth and mouth, according to care plans and procedures established by a
dentist or other oral health professional.
Tasks include –
(a)
advising communities and individuals on dental hygiene, diet and other
preventive measures to reduce potential risks to oral health;
(b) conducting
visual and physical examinations of patients’ mouths, teeth and related
structures to assess oral health status;
(c)
identifying cases of patients with poor oral health or oral disease
requiring referral to a dentist or other health professional;
(d)
assisting dentists during complex dental procedures;
(e)
providing fluoride treatments, cleaning and removing deposits from
teeth, preparing cavities and placing fillings, administering local
anaesthesia, and performing other types of basic or routine clinical dental
procedures;
(f)
preparing, cleaning and sterilizing dental instruments, equipment and
materials used in the examination and treatment of patients;
(g)
getting patients ready for examination or treatment, including
explaining procedures and correct positioning;
(h)
taking impressions of the mouth and dental radiographs to support
diagnosis and fitting of dental prosthetics.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dental assistant
▪ Dental hygienist
▪ Dental therapist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Dentist – 2261
▪ Dental mechanic – 3214
▪ Dental prosthetist – 3214
▪ Dental technician – 3214
▪ Dental aide – 5329
3252 Medical Records and Health
Information Technicians
Medical records and health information
technicians develop, maintain and implement health records processing, storage
and retrieval systems in medical facilities and other health care settings to
meet the legal, professional, ethical and administrative record-keeping
requirements of health services delivery.
Tasks include –
(a) planning, developing, maintaining and operating a variety of health record
indexes and storage and retrieval systems to collect, classify, store and analyse
information;
(b)
transcribing, compiling and processing patient medical records,
admission and discharge documents, and other medical reports into
record-keeping systems to provide data for patient monitoring and referral,
epidemiological monitoring, research, billing, cost control and care
improvement;
(c)
reviewing records for completeness, accuracy and compliance with
regulations;
(d) translating
narrative descriptions and numeric information from medical records and other
documents on health services delivery into codes associated with standard
classification systems;
(e)
protecting the security of medical records to ensure that
confidentiality is maintained, and releasing information to authorized persons
and agencies in accordance with regulations;
(f) supervising
clerical and administrative workers involved in the maintenance of medical
records.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Clinical coder
▪ Disease registry technician
▪ Health information clerk
▪ Medical records analyst
▪ Medical records clerk
▪ Medical records technician
▪ Medical records unit supervisor
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Medical secretary – 3344
▪ Data entry clerk – 4132
▪ Filing clerk – 4415
Notes
Occupations included in this unit group normally require
knowledge of medical terminology, legal aspects of health information, health
data standards and computer- or paper-based data management as obtained through
formal education and/or on-the-job training.
3253 Community Health Workers
Community health workers provide health
education, referral and follow-up, case management, basic preventive health
care and home visiting services to specific communities. They provide support
and assistance to individuals and families in navigating the health and social
services system.
Tasks include –
(a)
providing information to families
and communities on a range of health issues including nutrition, hygiene,
infant and child care, immunizations, family planning, risk factors and prevention of common
infectious diseases, poisoning prevention, first aid for treatment of simple
and common ailments, substance abuse, domestic violence and other topics;
(b)
visiting families in their homes to provide information on the health,
social and other services available and support them in gaining access to these
services;
(c)
visiting families who do not usually access medical establishments to
monitor on a regular basis certain conditions such as progress with pregnancy,
child growth and development, and environmental sanitation;
(d)
distributing to households medical supplies for the prevention and
treatment of endemic diseases such as malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoeal
diseases, and instructing family and community members in the use of these
products;
(e)
conducting outreach efforts to groups who do not usually access medical
establishments with information and basic medical supplies for prevention and
management of certain health conditions for which they are most at risk, such
as HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases;
(f)
collecting data from households and communities who do not usually
access medical establishments for purposes of patient monitoring and referral
and reporting to meet health regulations.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Community health aide
▪ Community health promoter
▪ Community health worker
▪ Village health worker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Traditional midwife – 3222
▪ Village healer – 3230
▪ Home care aide – 5322
Notes
Occupations included in this unit group normally
require formal or informal training and supervision recognized by the health
and social services authorities. Providers of routine personal care and
traditional medicine practitioners are not included here.
3254 Dispensing Opticians
Dispensing opticians design, fit and dispense
optical lenses based on a prescription from an ophthalmologist or optometrist
for the correction of reduced visual acuity. They service corrective
eyeglasses, contact lenses, low-vision aids and other optical devices.
Tasks include –
(a)
examining and taking facial and eye measurements of clients for fitting
of eyeglasses and other optical devices;
(b)
providing advice to clients on selection and maintenance of eyeglasses
and frames, types of contact lenses and other optical devices for performance,
safety, comfort and lifestyle;
(c)
interpreting optical prescriptions and preparing work orders for optical
laboratories for grinding and mounting of lenses in frames, preparation of contact
lenses and other required work;
(d)
verifying exactness of finished optical appliances and devices to the
original prescription and fit of clients.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Contact lens optician
▪ Dispensing optician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Ophthalmologist – 2212
▪ Ophthalmic optician – 2267
▪ Optometrist – 2267
▪ Orthoptist – 2267
3255 Physiotherapy Technicians
and Assistants
Physiotherapy technicians and assistants
provide physical therapeutic treatments to patients in circumstances where
functional movement is threatened by injury, disease or impairment. Therapies
are usually provided according to rehabilitative plans established by a
physiotherapist or other health professional.
Tasks include –
(a)
administering manual treatments such as massage therapy or pressure
point therapy;
(b)
administering electrical modality treatments, ultrasound and other
physical therapies using specialized techniques and equipment;
(c)
instructing, motivating, safeguarding and assisting patients as they
practise physical exercises, relaxation techniques and functional activities;
(d)
conferring with physiotherapists or other health care providers to
evaluate patient information for planning, modifying and coordinating
treatment;
(e)
monitoring and recording patients’ progress during treatment, including
measuring their range-of-joint motion and vital signs;
(f)
fitting patients for orthopaedic braces, prostheses and other physical
support devices such as crutches, and instructing patients in the use of such
devices.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Acupressure therapist
▪ Electrotherapist
▪ Hydrotherapist
▪ Massage therapist
▪ Physical rehabilitation technician
▪ Physiotherapy technician
▪ Shiatsu therapist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Physiotherapist – 2264
▪ Chiropractor – 2269
▪ Occupational therapist – 2269
▪ Podiatrist – 2269
3256 Medical Assistants
Medical assistants perform basic clinical and
administrative tasks to support patient care under the direct supervision of a
medical practitioner or other health professional.
Tasks include –
(a)
interviewing patients and their families to obtain information on their
health status and medical history;
(b)
assisting medical doctors and other health professionals to examine and
treat patients, including measuring and recording vital signs, administering
medications and performing routine clinical procedures such as giving
injections and removing sutures;
(c)
getting patients ready for examination and treatment, including
explaining procedures and showing them to examination rooms;
(d)
preparing and handling medical instruments and supplies, including
sterilizing instruments and disposing of contaminated supplies in accordance
with safety procedures;
(e)
collecting blood, tissue or other specimens, and preparing them for
laboratory testing;
(f)
providing information to patients and families on health care topics
including medications prescribed by a medical doctor or other health
professional;
(g)
providing prescription and drug refill information to pharmacies;
(h)
maintaining cleanliness of patient waiting and examination rooms;
(i)
recording information on patients’ medical history, diagnostic testing
and treatment procedures and results, and other information in medical
record-keeping systems;
(j)
scheduling appointments with patients, and preparing documentation
required for billing, reporting and insurance purposes.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Clinical assistant
▪ Medical assistant
▪ Ophthalmic assistant
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Clinical officer (paramedical) – 2240
▪ Medical prosthetic technician –
3214
▪ Dental assistant – 3251
▪ Physiotherapy assistant – 3255
▪ Medical secretary – 3344
▪ Medical imaging assistant – 5329
Note
Occupations included in this unit group normally
require formal training in health services provision. Clinical care providers
with advanced training and skills to provide independent medical diagnostic and
treatment services are classified in Unit Group 2240: Paramedical Practitioners.
3257 Environmental
and Occupational Health Inspectors and Associates
Environmental and occupational health
inspectors and associates investigate the implementation of rules and
regulations relating to environmental factors that may affect human health,
safety in the workplace, and safety of processes for the production of goods
and services. They may implement and evaluate programmes to restore or improve
safety and sanitary conditions under the supervision of a health professional.
Tasks include –
(a)
advising employers’ and workers’ representatives on the implementation
of governmental and other rules and regulations concerning occupational safety
and the working environment;
(b)
inspecting places of work to ensure that the working environment,
machinery and equipment conform to governmental and other rules, regulations
and standards related to sanitation and/or occupational and environmental
health and safety;
(c)
giving advice on environmental sanitary problems and techniques;
(d)
inspecting places of work and, by interviews, observations and other
means, obtaining information about work practices and accidents to determine
compliance with safety rules and regulations;
(e)
inspecting areas of production, processing, transport, handling, storage
and sale of products to ensure conformity with governmental and other rules,
regulations and standards;
(f)
advising enterprises and the general public on the implementation of
governmental and other rules and regulations concerning hygiene, sanitation,
purity and grading of primary products, food, drugs, cosmetics and similar
goods;
(g)
inspecting establishments to ensure that they conform to governmental
and other rules and regulations concerning emission of pollutants and disposal
of dangerous wastes;
(h)
initiating action to maintain or improve hygiene and prevent pollution
of water, air, food or soil;
(i)
promoting preventive and corrective measures such as control of disease-carrying
organisms and of harmful substances in the air, hygienic food handling, proper
disposal of waste and cleaning of public places;
(j)
estimating quantities and costs of materials and labour required for
health, safety and sanitation remediation projects;
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Food sanitation and safety
inspector
▪ Health inspector
▪ Occupational health and safety
inspector
▪ Pollution inspector
▪ Product safety inspector
▪ Sanitarian
▪ Sanitary inspector
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Environmental health officer –
2263
▪ Occupational health and safety
adviser – 2263
▪ Occupational hygienist – 2263
▪ Radiation protection expert – 2263
3258 Ambulance Workers
Ambulance workers provide emergency health care
to patients who are injured, sick, infirm or otherwise physically or mentally
impaired prior to and during transport to medical facilities.
Tasks include –
(a)
assessing the health status of persons involved in accidents, natural
disasters and other emergency situations, and determining needs for immediate
and specialized medical assistance;
(b)
performing medical procedures and administering drugs and other
therapies according to protocol for emergency medical treatment, including
resuscitating and defibrillating patients and operating life-support equipment;
(c)
monitoring changes in the health status of patients during transport to
and from medical, rehabilitation and other health care facilities;
(d)
providing information and training to community groups and essential
service workers in first aid for initial care of an illness or injury;
(e)
attending and/or patrolling large-scale public gatherings and other
events where health emergencies are more likely to occur;
(f)
recording information on patients’ conditions and treatments provided in
medical record-keeping systems.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Ambulance officer
▪ Ambulance paramedic
▪ Emergency medical technician
▪ Emergency paramedic
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Paramedical practitioner – 2240
▪ Ambulance driver – 8322
Note
Occupations included in this unit group normally
require formal training in emergency medical treatment, patient transport,
ambulance principles and practice, or a related field. Ambulance drivers who do
not provide health care are classified in Unit Group 8322: Car, Taxi and Van Drivers.
3259 Health Associate Professionals
Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers health associate
professionals not classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 32: Health Associate Professionals.
For instance, the group includes occupations such as HIV counsellor, family
planning counsellor and other health associate professionals.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
interviewing and examining patients to obtain information on their
health status and the nature and extent of injury, illness or other physical or
mental health condition;
(b) providing information and counselling to
patients and families about certain health conditions, prevention and treatment
options, treatment adherence, and personal behaviours that can affect health
outcomes;
(c)
administering therapeutic care and treatment to patients;
(d ) performing certain basic clinical
procedures such as administration of HIV antibody tests or insertion of
intrauterine devices;
(e) dispensing and advising on dietary
supplements, antiretroviral and prophylaxis medications, and other health care products;
(f)
monitoring patients’ progress through treatment plans, and identifying
signs and symptoms requiring referral to a medical doctor or other health
professional;
(g)
recording information on patients’ health status and responses to
treatment in medical record-keeping systems;
(h)
sharing information with other health care providers when required to
ensure continuing and comprehensive care.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Anaesthesia technician
▪ Family planning counsellor
▪ HIV counsellor
▪ Respiratory therapy technician
Note
Occupations included in this unit group normally
require formal training in health service provision.
Sub-major Group 33
Business and Administration
Associate Professionals
Business and administration associate
professionals perform mostly technical tasks connected with the practical
application of knowledge relating to financial accounting and transaction
matters, mathematical calculations, human resource development, selling and
buying financial instruments, specialized secretarial tasks, and enforcing or
applying government rules. Also included
are workers who provide business services such as customs clearance, conference
planning, job placements, buying and selling real estate or bulk commodities,
and serving as agents for performers such as athletes and artists. Competent performance in most occupations in
this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include recording and transmitting buy and sell orders for
securities, stocks, bonds or other financial instruments and for foreign
exchange for future or immediate delivery; submitting credit and loan
applications to management with recommendations for approval or rejection;
approving or rejecting applications within authorized limits ensuring that
credit standards of the institution are respected; maintaining complete records
of all financial transactions of an undertaking according to general bookkeeping
principles, with guidance from accountants; assisting in planning and
performing mathematical, statistical, actuarial, accounting and related
calculations; selling and buying financial instruments.
Occupations in this sub-major group are classified
into the following minor groups:
331 Financial and
Mathematical Associate Professionals
332 Sales and
Purchasing Agents and Brokers
333 Business Services
Agents
334 Administrative and
Specialized Secretaries
335 Government
Regulatory Associate Professionals
Minor
Group 331
Financial
and Mathematical Associate Professionals
Financial and mathematical associate
professionals place a value on various items and property; maintain records of
financial transactions; analyse loan application information and render a
decision; buy and sell financial instruments; and perform mathematical and
related calculations.
Tasks performed usually include: recording and
transmitting buy and sell orders for securities, stocks, bonds or other
financial instruments and for foreign exchange for future or immediate
delivery; submitting credit and loan applications to management with
recommendations for approval or rejection; approving or rejecting applications
within authorized limits ensuring that credit standards of the institution are
respected; maintaining complete records of all financial transactions of an
undertaking according to general bookkeeping principles, with guidance from
accountants; assisting in planning and performing mathematical, statistical,
actuarial, accounting and related calculations.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3311 Securities and
Finance Dealers and Brokers
3312 Credit and Loans
Officers
3313 Accounting
Associate Professionals
3314 Statistical,
Mathematical and Related Associate Professionals
3315 Valuers and Loss
Assessors
3311 Securities and Finance Dealers
and Brokers
Securities and finance dealers and brokers buy
and sell securities, stocks, bonds and other financial instruments, and deal on
the foreign exchange, on spot, or on futures markets, on behalf of their own
company or for customers on a commission basis. They recommend transactions to
clients or senior management.
Tasks include –
(a)
obtaining information about the financial circumstances of customers and
companies in which investments may be made;
(b) analysing
market trends for securities, bonds, stocks and other financial instruments,
including foreign exchange;
(c)
informing prospective customers about market conditions and prospects;
(d)
advising on and participating in the negotiation of terms for, and
organization of, loans and placement of stocks and bonds in the financial
market to raise capital for customers;
(e)
recording and transmitting buy and sell orders for securities, stocks,
bonds or other financial instruments and for foreign exchange for future or
immediate delivery.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Foreign exchange broker
▪
Foreign exchange dealer
▪
Securities broker
▪
Stocks and shares broker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Bond analyst – 2413
▪ Commodities broker – 3324
▪ Commodity futures dealer – 3324
▪ Securities clerk – 4312
3312 Credit and Loans Officers
Credit and loans officers analyse and evaluate
financial information on applications for credit and loans and determine
approval or disapproval of the client for the credit or loan, or recommend to
management approval or disapproval.
Tasks include –
(a)
interviewing applicants for personal, mortgage, student and business
loans;
(b)
researching and evaluating loan applicants’ financial status,
references, credit and ability to repay the loan;
(c)
submitting credit and loan applications to management with
recommendations for approval or rejection;
(d) approving or rejecting loan applications
within authorized limits ensuring that credit standards of the institution are
respected;
(e)
keeping records of payments, preparing routine letters requesting
payment for overdue accounts and forwarding these for legal action;
(f)
completing credit and loan documentation.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Loans officer
▪ Mortgage officer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Financial institution branch
manager – 1346
3313 Accounting Associate Professionals
Accounting associate professionals maintain complete
records of financial transactions of an undertaking and verify accuracy of
documents and records relating to such transactions.
Tasks include –
(a)
maintaining complete records of all financial transactions of an
undertaking according to general bookkeeping principles, with guidance from accountants;
(b)
verifying accuracy of documents and records relating to payments,
receipts and other financial transactions;
(c)
preparing financial statements and reports for specified periods;
(d) applying
knowledge of bookkeeping principles and practices in order to identify and
solve problems arising in the course of their work;
(e)
using standard computer software packages to perform accounting and
related calculations;
(f)
supervising the work of accounts and bookkeeping clerks.
Example of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Accounting assistant
▪ Bookkeeper
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Accountant – 2411
▪ Actuarial assistant – 3314
▪ Bookkeeping clerk – 4311
3314 Statistical, Mathematical
and Related Associate Professionals
Statistical, mathematical and related associate
professionals assist in planning the collection, processing and presentation of
statistical, mathematical or actuarial data and in carrying out these
operations, usually working under the guidance of statisticians, mathematicians
and actuaries.
Tasks include –
(a)
assisting in planning and performing statistical, mathematical,
actuarial, and related calculations;
(b)
preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and
labour required for statistical census and survey operations;
(c)
performing technical tasks connected with establishing, maintaining and
using registers and sampling frames for census and survey operations;
(d)
performing technical tasks connected with data collection and quality
control operations in censuses and surveys;
(e)
using standard computer software packages to perform mathematical,
actuarial, statistical, accounting and related calculations;
(f)
preparing statistical, mathematical, actuarial, accounting and other
results for presentation in graphical or tabular form;
(g)
applying knowledge of statistical, mathematical, actuarial, accounting
and related principles and practices in order to identify and solve problems
arising in the course of their work;
(h)
supervising the work of statistical clerks.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
- Actuarial assistant
- Mathematical assistant
- Statistical assistant
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Actuary – 2120
▪ Mathematician – 2120
▪ Statistician – 2120
▪ Accounting assistant – 3313
▪ Statistical clerk – 4312
3315 Valuers and Loss Assessors
Valuers and loss assessors value property and
various goods and assess losses covered by insurance policies.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining the quality or value of raw materials, real estate,
industrial equipment, personal and household effects, works of art, gems and
other objects;
(b)
assessing the extent of damage or loss and liabilities of insurance
companies and underwriters for losses covered by insurance policies;
(c)
obtaining records of sales and value of similar items or property;
(d)
inspecting items or property to evaluate condition, size and
construction;
(e)
preparing reports of value, outlining the estimation factors and methods
used.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Appraiser
▪ Claims assessor
▪ Claims inspector
▪ Insurance assessor
▪ Real estate appraiser
▪ Valuer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Auctioneer – 3339
Minor
Group 332
Sales
and Purchasing Agents and Brokers
Sales and purchasing agents and brokers
represent companies, governments and other organizations to buy and sell
commodities, goods, insurance, shipping and other services to industrial,
professional, commercial or other establishments, or act as independent agents
to bring together buyers and sellers of commodities and services.
Tasks performed usually include obtaining
information about employers’ and competitors’ goods and services; monitoring and analysing market trends and
conditions; obtaining information about clients’ needs and identifying suitable
products and services; explaining and demonstrating products and services to
clients; negotiating prices, contracts, terms, conditions and shipping
arrangements for purchase or sale of goods, services or commodities.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3321 Insurance
Representatives
3322 Commercial Sales
Representatives
3323 Buyers
3324 Trade Brokers
Note
Sales managers are classified in Minor Group 122:
Sales, Marketing and Development Managers. Technical, medical and ICT sales
professionals are classified in Minor Group 243: Sales, Marketing and Public Relations
Professionals. Securities and finance
dealers are classified in Minor Group 331: Financial and Mathematical Associate
Professionals.
3321 Insurance Representatives
Insurance representatives advise on and sell
life, accident, automobile, liability, endowment, fire, marine and other types
of insurance to new and established clients.
Tasks include –
(a)
obtaining information about customers’ circumstances necessary to
determine appropriate type of insurance and conditions;
(b)
negotiating with customers to determine type and degree of risk for
which insurance is required;
(c)
explaining details of insurance and conditions, risk coverage premiums
and benefits to customers;
(d)
assisting clients to determine the type and level of coverage required,
calculating premiums and establishing method of payment;
(e)
negotiating and placing reinsurance contracts;
(f)
advising on, negotiating terms for and placing insurance contracts for
large or special types of projects, installations or risks.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Insurance agent
▪ Insurance broker
▪ Insurance underwriter
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Insurance agency manager – 1346
▪ Securities broker – 3311
▪ Insurance assessor – 3315
▪ Insurance clerk – 4312
3322 Commercial Sales Representatives
Commercial sales representatives represent
companies to sell various goods and services to businesses and other
organizations and provide product specific information as required.
Tasks include –
(a)
soliciting orders and selling goods to retail, industrial, wholesale and
other establishments;
(b)
selling equipment, supplies and related services to business
establishments or individuals;
(c)
obtaining and updating knowledge of market conditions and of employer’s
and competitors’ goods and services;
(d)
providing prospective customers with information about the
characteristics and functions of the products and equipment for sale, and
demonstrating its use or qualities;
(e)
quoting prices and credit terms, recording orders and arranging deliveries;
(f)
reporting customers’ reactions and requirements to suppliers and
manufacturers;
(g)
following up clients to ensure satisfaction with products purchased.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
- After-sales service adviser
- Canvasser
- Commercial traveller
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Sales manager – 1221
▪ Medical sales representative –
2433
▪ Technical sales representative –
2433
▪ Information and communications
technology sales professional – 2434
▪ Shop sales assistant – 5223
▪ Door-to-door sales representative –
5243
3323 Buyers
Buyers buy goods and services for use or resale
on behalf of industrial, commercial, government or other establishments and
organizations.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining or negotiating contract terms and conditions, awarding
supplier contracts or recommending contract awards for the purchase of
equipment, raw materials, products, services and merchandise for resale;
(b)
obtaining information about requirements and stock and developing
specifications for quantity and quality to be purchased, costs, delivery dates
and other contract conditions;
(c)
purchasing general and specialized equipment, materials or business
services for use or for further processing by their establishment;
(d)
inviting tenders, consulting with suppliers and reviewing quotations;
(e)
purchasing merchandise for resale by retail or wholesale establishments;
(f)
studying market reports, trade periodicals and sales promotion materials
and visiting trade shows, showrooms, factories and product design events;
(g)
selecting the merchandise or products that best fit the establishment’s
requirements;
(h)
interviewing suppliers and negotiating prices, discounts, credit terms
and transportation arrangements;
(i)
overseeing distribution of merchandise to outlets and maintaining
adequate stock levels;
(j)
establishing delivery schedules, monitoring progress and contacting
clients and suppliers to resolve problems.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Buyer
▪ Procurement officer
▪ Purchasing agent
▪ Purchasing merchandiser
▪ Supply officer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Commodities broker – 3324
3324 Trade Brokers
Trade brokers buy and sell commodities and
shipping services, usually in bulk, on behalf of their own company or for
customers on a commission basis.
Tasks include –
(a)
establishing contact between buyers and sellers of commodities;
(b)
discussing buying or selling requirements of clients and giving advice
accordingly;
(c)
buying and selling cargo space on ships;
(d)
negotiating purchase or sale of commodities and commodity futures;
(e)
finding cargo and/or storage space for commodities and negotiating
freight, shipping and storage charges;
(f)
monitoring and analysing market trends and other factors affecting the
supply and demand for commodities and shipping services.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
- Commodities broker
- Commodity futures dealer
- Shipping broker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Finance broker – 3311
▪ Finance dealer – 3311
▪ Securities broker – 3311
▪ Securities dealer – 3311
▪ Insurance dealer – 3321
Minor
Group 333
Business
Services Agents
Business services agents establish contacts to
sell various business services such as advertising space in the media; carry
out customs clearance activities ensuring that necessary documents are in order;
match jobseekers with vacancies; find workers for employers; arrange contracts
for the performance of athletes, entertainers and artists, as well as for the
publication of books, the production of plays, or the recording, performance
and sale of music; and plan and organize conferences and similar events.
Tasks performed usually include: carrying out
customs clearance procedures for exports or imports; arranging and coordinating
conference and event services, such as conference facilities, catering,
signage, displays, audiovisual and computer equipment, accommodation, transport
and social events for participants; matching jobseekers with vacancies; finding
workers for vacant posts for employers; showing real estate properties to be
sold or leased to prospective buyers or tenants and explaining terms of sale or
conditions of rent or lease; selling by auction various kinds of property,
cars, commodities, livestock, art, jewellery and other objects; arranging
contracts for performers and performances.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3331 Clearing and
Forwarding Agents
3332 Conference and
Event Planners
3333 Employment Agents
and Contractors
3334 Real Estate
Agents and Property Managers
3339 Business Services
Agents Not Elsewhere Classified
3331 Clearing and Forwarding Agents
Clearing and forwarding agents carry out
customs clearance procedures and ensure that insurance, export/import licences
and other formalities are in order.
Tasks include –
(a)
carrying out customs clearance procedures for exports or imports;
(b)
ensuring that insurance is in order;
(c)
ensuring that export/import licences and other formalities are in order;
(d)
signing and issuing bills of lading;
(e)
checking import/export documentation to determine cargo contents, and
classifying goods into different fee or tariff groups, using a tariff coding
system.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Clearing agent
▪ Forwarding agent
▪ Shipping agent
3332 Conference and Event Planners
Conference and event planners organize and
coordinate services for conferences, events, functions, banquets and seminars.
Tasks include –
(a)
promoting conferences, conventions and trade shows to potential
customers;
(b)
responding to inquiries concerning services provided and costs for room
and equipment hire, catering and related services;
(c)
meeting with clients to discuss their needs and outlining package
options to meet these needs;
(d)
arranging and coordinating services such as conference facilities,
catering, signage, displays, audiovisual and computer equipment, accommodation,
transport and social events for participants, and logistical arrangements for
presenters;
(e)
organizing registration of participants;
(f)
negotiating the type and costs of services to be provided within budget;
(g)
overseeing work by contractors and reporting on variations to work
orders.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Conference and event organizer
▪ Conference planner
▪ Wedding planner
3333 Employment Agents and Contractors
Employment agents and contractors match
jobseekers with vacancies, find workers for employers and contract labour for
particular projects at the request of enterprises and other organizations
including government and other institutions, or find places for jobseekers for
a commission.
Tasks include –
(a)
matching jobseekers with vacancies;
(b)
finding workers for vacant posts against a commission from the employer
or worker;
(c)
discussing with employers the skills and other characteristics required
of the workers to be employed or contracted;
(d)
finding workers with appropriate skills, and undertaking the necessary
formalities according to national or international regulations and
requirements;
(e)
ensuring that the employment contracts meet legal requirements and
signing them;
(f)
advising on training schemes.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Employment agent
▪ Job placement officer
▪ Labour contractor
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Careers adviser – 2423
▪ Occupational analyst – 2423
▪ Literary agent – 3339
▪ Musical performance agent – 3339
▪ Sports agent – 3339
▪ Theatrical agent – 3339
3334 Real Estate Agents and Property
Managers
Real estate agents and property managers
arrange the sale, purchase, rental and lease of real estate and property,
usually on behalf of clients and on a commission basis.
Tasks include –
(a)
obtaining information about properties to be sold or leased, the
circumstances of their owner and the needs of prospective buyers or tenants;
(b)
showing properties to be sold or leased to prospective buyers or tenants
and explaining terms of sale or conditions of rent or lease;
(c)
facilitating negotiations with tenants and owners on rents and fees;
(d)
drawing up leasing and sale agreements and estimating costs;
(e)
arranging signing of lease agreements and transfer of property rights;
(f)
collecting rent and bond monies on behalf of owners and inspecting
properties before, during and after tenancies;
(g)
ensuring the availability of workers to perform maintenance of the
properties.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Estate agent
▪ Property manager
▪ Realtor
▪ Salesperson (real estate)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Mortgage clerk – 4312
3339 Business Services Agents Not
Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers business services agents
not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 333: Business Services Agents. For
instance, the group includes those who establish business contacts, sell
business services such as advertising space in the media, arrange contracts for
performances of athletes, entertainers and artists, for the publication of
books, the production of plays, or the recording, performance and sale of
music, sell property and goods by auction and who design and organize package
and group tours.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a) obtaining information about services to be
sold and needs of prospective buyers;
(b)
negotiating contracts on behalf of seller or buyer and explaining terms
of sale and payment to client;
(c)
signing agreements on behalf of seller or buyer and ensuring that the contract
is honoured;
(d)
making sure that the business service purchased is made available to the
buyer in the agreed format at the agreed time;
(e)
selling by auction various kinds of property, cars, commodities,
livestock, art, jewellery and other objects.
(f)
organizing group tours for business or vacation travel and making bulk
travel and accommodation bookings.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Advertising salesperson
▪ Auctioneer
▪ Literary agent
▪ Musical performance agent
▪ Sports agent
▪ Theatrical agent
▪ Tour operator
Minor
Group 334
Administrative
and Specialized Secretaries
Administrative and specialized secretaries
provide organizational, communication and documentation support services,
utilizing specialized knowledge of the business activity of the organization in
which they are employed. They take supervisory responsibility for office clerks
in the organization.
Tasks performed usually include: coordinating,
assigning and reviewing the work of clerical support workers; desktop
publishing; preparing and processing legal documents and papers such as deeds,
wills, affidavits and briefs; implementing and supporting the communication,
documentation and internal managerial coordination activities of an
organizational unit, on some occasions utilizing specialized knowledge of the
business activity of the organization; scheduling and confirming meetings and
appointments and communicating messages for clients; compiling, recording and
reviewing legal and medical records, reports, documents and correspondence.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3341 Office
Supervisors
3342 Legal Secretaries
3343 Administrative
and Executive Secretaries
3344 Medical
Secretaries
3341 Office Supervisors
Office supervisors supervise and coordinate the
activities of workers in Major Group 4: Clerical Support Workers.
Tasks include –
(a) coordinating, assigning and reviewing the
work of clerks engaged in the following duties: word processing, record keeping
and filing, operating telephones and switchboards; data entry, desktop
publishing and other activities involving general office and administrative
skills;
(b)
establishing work schedules and procedures and coordinating activities
with other work units or departments;
(c)
resolving work-related problems and preparing and submitting progress
and other reports;
(d)
training and instructing employees in job duties, safety procedures and
company policies, or arranging for training to be provided;
(e)
evaluating employees’ job performance and conformity with regulations, and recommending appropriate
personnel action;
(f)
assisting in recruitment, interviewing and selection of employees.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Clerical supervisor
▪ Data entry supervisor
▪ Filing clerks supervisor
▪ Personnel clerks supervisor
Some related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Medical records unit supervisor –
3252
Notes
Workers who supervise the activities of clerical
support workers in law offices and legal departments are classified in Unit Group
3342: Legal Secretaries. Those who supervise the activities of clerical support
workers in health facilities where the work requires specialist knowledge
related to health and medicine, such as processing medical records and hospital
admission details, are classified in Unit Group 3344: Medical Secretaries. Those who provide direct secretarial and
administrative support to a manager or professional, (except legal and health
professionals) and also supervise the activities of clerical support workers
are classified in Unit Group 3343: Administrative and Executive Secretaries.
3342 Legal Secretaries
Legal secretaries apply specialized knowledge
of legal terminology and procedures in providing support to legal professionals
with communication, documentation and internal managerial coordination
activities, in law offices, legal departments of large firms and governments.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing and processing legal documents and papers, such as deeds,
wills, affidavits and briefs;
(b)
reviewing and proofreading documents and correspondence to ensure
compliance with legal procedures;
(c)
mailing, faxing or arranging for delivery of legal correspondence to
clients, witnesses and court officials;
(d)
organizing and maintaining documents, case files and law libraries;
(e)
screening requests for meetings, scheduling and organizing meetings;
(f)
assisting in the preparation of budgets, monitoring of expenditures,
drafting of contracts and purchasing or acquisition orders;
(g)
supervising the work of office support workers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Legal practice manager
▪ Legal secretary
Some related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Legal assistant – 3411
3343 Administrative and Executive
Secretaries
Administrative and executive secretaries
perform liaison, coordination and organizational tasks in support of managers
and professionals and/or prepare correspondence, reports and records of
proceedings and other specialized documentation.
Tasks include –
(a) drafting
administrative correspondence and minutes;
(b)
obtaining, proposing and monitoring deadlines and follow-up dates;
(c)
screening requests for meetings, scheduling and organizing meetings and
travel arrangements;
(d)
assisting in the preparation of budgets, monitoring of expenditures,
drafting of contracts and purchasing or acquisition orders;
(e)
liaising with other staff about a range of matters relating to the
organization’s operations;
(f)
writing and answering business or technical letters and other similar
correspondence;
(g)
preparing verbatim reports of proceedings in legislative assemblies,
courts of law or other places, using shorthand or specialized office equipment.
(h)
supervising the work of clerical support workers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Administrative secretary
▪ Correspondence assistant
▪ Court reporter
▪ Executive assistant
▪ Personal assistant
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Medical transcriptionist – 3344
▪ Secretary (general) – 4120
3344 Medical Secretaries
Medical secretaries, using specialized
knowledge of medical terminology and health care delivery procedures, assist
health professionals and other workers by performing a variety of
communication, documentation, administrative and internal coordination
functions, to support health workers in medical facilities and other health-care
related organizations.
Tasks include –
(a)
scheduling and confirming medical appointments and communicating
messages for medical staff and patients;
(b)
compiling, recording and reviewing medical charts, reports, documents
and correspondence;
(c)
interviewing patients to complete forms, documents and case histories;
(d)
completing insurance and other claims forms;
(e) maintaining medical files and records and
technical library;
(f)
preparing financial statements and billing procedures;
(g)
assisting in the preparation of budgets, drafting of contracts and
purchasing or acquisition orders;
(h)
supervising the work of office support workers and other office staff.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dental secretary
▪ Hospital ward secretary
▪ Medical insurance billing
secretary
▪ Medical office administrative
assistant
▪ Medical practice manager
▪ Medical secretary
▪ Medical stenographer
▪ Medical transcriptionist
▪ Pathology secretary
▪ Patient care secretary
▪ Medical laboratory secretary
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Medical records technician – 3252
▪ Medical assistant – 3256
▪ Secretary (general) – 4120
▪ Medical office receptionist – 4226
Minor
Group 335
Government
Regulatory Associate Professionals
Government regulatory associate professionals
administer, enforce or apply relevant government rules and regulations relating
to national borders, taxes and social benefits; investigate facts and
circumstances relating to crimes; and issue or examine applications for
licences or authorizations in connection with travel, exports and imports of
goods, establishment of businesses, erection of buildings and other activities
subject to government regulations.
Tasks performed usually include: patrolling national borders and checking
persons and vehicles, travel and transport documents and goods transported
across the border to ensure enforcement of government rules and regulations; examining tax returns to
determine taxes payable by persons and businesses; examining and deciding on
applications for social benefits; examining and deciding on applications for
government authorizations and licences necessary to travel, export or import
goods, erect buildings, establish businesses or undertake other activities
subject to government regulations; monitoring the application of price, wage or
weights and measures regulations; obtaining and verifying evidence;
interviewing witnesses and suspects; and analysing documents and computer
files. They may receive guidance from senior government officials or managers.
Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3351 Customs and
Border Inspectors
3352 Government Tax
and Excise Officials
3353 Government Social
Benefits Officials
3354 Government
Licensing Officials
3355 Police Inspectors
and Detectives
3359 Government
Regulatory Associate Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
3351 Customs and Border Inspectors
Customs and border inspectors check persons and
vehicles crossing national borders to administer and enforce relevant government
rules and regulations.
Tasks include –
(a)
patrolling national borders and coastal waters to stop persons from
illegally entering or leaving the country and from illegally importing or
exporting currency or goods;
(b)
checking travel documents of persons crossing national borders to ensure
that they have the necessary authorizations and certificates;
(c)
inspecting the luggage of persons crossing national borders to ensure
that it conforms to government rules and regulations concerning import or
export of goods and currencies;
(d)
examining transport documents and freight of vehicles crossing national
borders to ensure conformity with government rules and regulations concerning
goods in transit and the import and export of goods, and to verify that
necessary payments have been made;
(e)
detaining persons and seizing prohibited and undeclared goods found to
be in violation of immigration and customs laws;
(f)
coordinating and cooperating with other agencies involved in law
enforcement, deportation and prosecution;
(g)
performing related administrative tasks to record findings,
transactions, violations and determinations;
(h) when
necessary, testifying in a court of law about the circumstances and results of investigations
carried out.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Border inspector
▪ Customs inspector
▪ Customs officer
▪ Immigration officer
▪ Passport checking officer
3352 Government Tax and Excise
Officials
Government tax and excise officials examine tax
returns, bills of sale and other documents to determine the type and amount of
taxes, duties and other types of fees to be paid by individuals or businesses,
referring exceptional or important cases to accountants, senior government
officials or managers.
Tasks include –
(a)
advising organizations, enterprises and the public on government laws,
rules and regulations concerning the determination and payment of taxes, duties
and other government fees, and on the public’s rights and obligations;
(b)
examining tax returns, bills of sale and other relevant documents to
determine types and amounts of taxes, duties and other types of fees to be
paid;
(c)
investigating filed tax returns and accounting records, systems and
internal controls of organizations to ensure compliance with taxation laws and
regulations;
(d)
performing related administrative tasks to document findings, maintain
records and report on actions taken for cases.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Excise officer
▪ Taxation inspector
▪ Tax officer
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Accountant – 2411
▪ Auditor – 2411
3353 Government Social Benefits
Officials
Government social benefits officials examine applications
for government, financial or service programmes to determine eligibility and
amount of benefit or appropriate services, referring exceptional or important
cases to senior government officials or managers.
Tasks include –
(a)
advising individuals and organizations on government laws, rules and
regulations concerning government benefit programmes and the determination and
disbursement of payments or referral to services, as well as on the public’s
rights and obligations;
(b)
examining applications and other relevant documents to determine types
and amounts of benefit which individuals are eligible to receive;
(c)
assessing documentation and interviewing benefit recipients to ensure
eligibility for continuing benefits or services;
(d) performing
related administrative tasks to maintain client records and prepare reports on
determinations regarding eligibility, referral decisions, termination of
benefits and abuse or fraud.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Pensions officer
▪ Social benefits officer
▪ Social security claims officer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Counselling professional – 2635
▪ Social worker – 2635
3354 Government Licensing Officials
Government licensing officials examine
applications for licences to export or import goods, set up businesses, build
houses or other structures or to obtain passports, determine eligibility of
applications for issuing licences or passports, and identify specific
conditions or restrictions to be attached to licences issued, referring
exceptional or important cases to senior government officials or managers.
Tasks include –
(a)
advising individuals on government laws and regulations concerning the
type of licence required and the conditions attached to such licences, and on
the public’s rights and obligations;
(b)
examining applications and relevant documents and determining whether a
licence can be granted and the conditions which should be attached;
(c) examining
applications and approving the issue of passports;
(d)
performing related administrative tasks to process applications,
document activities, evaluations and determinations, and to prepare
correspondence to inform applicants of licensing decisions;
(e)
administering and scoring tests required to license applicants.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Building permit (licensing)
officer
▪ Business permit (licensing)
officer
▪ Licensing officer
▪ Passport officer (issuing)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Building inspector – 3112
▪ Fire inspector – 3112
3355 Police Inspectors and Detectives
Police inspectors and detectives investigate
facts and circumstances relating to crimes committed in order to identify
suspected offenders and obtain information not readily available or apparent
concerning establishments or the circumstances and behaviour of persons, mostly
in order to prevent crimes.
Tasks include –
(a)
establishing contacts and sources of information about crimes planned or
committed, in order to prevent crimes or identify suspected offenders;
(b)
obtaining and verifying evidence by examining crime and accident scenes
for clues and physical evidence, interviewing witnesses and suspects and analysing
documents and computer files;
(c) analysing
evidence in order to solve crimes, identify criminal activity and gather
information for court cases;
(d)
establishing contacts and sources of information not readily available
or apparent concerning establishments or the circumstances and behaviour of
persons, usually with the aim of preventing a crime;
(e)
making arrests;
(f)
testifying in courts of law or reporting to superiors about
circumstances and results of investigations.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Police detective
▪ Police inquiry agent
▪ Police inspector
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Police commissioner – 1112
▪ Police inspector-general – 1112
▪ Police superintendent – 1349
▪ Private detective – 3411
▪ Police officer – 5412
3359 Government Regulatory Associate Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers government regulatory
associate professionals not classified elsewhere. For instance, the group
includes agricultural, fisheries, forestry, prices, wages and weights and
measures inspectors.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
examining places of business to ensure the use of correct weights and
measures in trade;
(b)
monitoring price regulations to assess appropriateness of costs for
goods and services to protect consumer interests;
(c)
monitoring wage regulations to ensure appropriate levels of pay for work
performed and to assess compliance with employment standards legislation;
(d)
performing related investigative and administrative tasks to record
findings, document compliance problems or inappropriate business practices and
to prepare reports and correspondence.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Agricultural inspector
▪ Fisheries inspector
▪ Forestry inspector
▪ Prices inspector
▪ Wage inspector
▪ Weights and measures inspector
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Fire inspector – 3112
▪ Health inspector – 3257
▪ Occupational health and safety
inspector – 3257
▪ Pollution inspector – 3257
▪ Sanitary inspector – 3257
Sub-major
Group 34
Legal,
Social, Cultural and Related Associate Professionals
Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals
perform technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge
relating to legal services, social work, culture, food preparation, sport and
religion. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group
requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: providing technical and practical services and support
functions in legal processes and investigations, social and community
assistance programmes, and religious and cultural activities; participating and
adjudicating in sporting events; developing and delivering sports coaching,
fitness and recreational programmes;
combining creative and technical skills in a variety of artistic,
cultural and culinary activities; creating dishes and menus and overseeing the
preparation of meals.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
341 Legal, Social and
Religious Associate Professionals
342 Sports and Fitness
Workers
343 Artistic, Cultural
and Culinary Associate Professionals
Minor
Group 341
Legal,
Social and Religious Associate Professionals
Legal, social and religious associate
professionals provide technical and practical services and support functions in
legal processes and investigations, social and community assistance programmes
and religious activities.
Tasks performed usually include: assisting and
supporting legal, social work and religious professionals; obtaining and analysing
evidence, preparing legal documents and serving court orders; administering and
implementing social assistance programmes and community services; assisting
clients to deal with personal and social problems; providing practical
assistance, guidance and moral support to individuals and communities.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3411 Legal and Related
Associate Professionals
3412 Social Work Associate
Professionals
3413 Religious
Associate Professionals
3411 Legal and Related Associate
Professionals
Legal and related associate professionals
perform support functions in courts of law or in law offices, provide services
related to such legal matters as insurance contracts, the transferring of
property and the granting of loans and other financial transactions, or conduct investigations for
clients.
Tasks include –
(a)
documenting court proceedings and judgements;
(b)
serving statements of claims, summonses, warrants, subpoenas and other
court orders;
(c)
maintaining order in court and hearing rooms;
(d)
preparing legal documents including trial briefs, pleadings, appeals,
wills and contracts, and preparing papers summarizing legal positions or
setting out conditions of loans or insurance;
(e)
investigating facts, assembling evidence and researching relevant
statutes, decisions and other legal documents to prepare cases;
(f)
advising clients on legal matters;
(g)
examining documentation such as mortgages, liens, judgements, easements,
contracts and maps in order to verify properties’ legal descriptions and
ownership;
(h)
preparing documents relating to transfer of real estate, stocks or other
matters requiring formal registration;
(i)
investigating possible cases of theft of goods, money or information
from business establishments and of other possible cases of unlawful behaviour
by customers or employees;
(j)
investigating establishments or the circumstances and behaviour of
persons on behalf of clients.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bailiff
▪ Judge’s clerk
▪ Conveyancing clerk
▪ Court clerk
▪ Justice of the peace
▪ Law clerk
▪ Legal assistant
▪ Paralegal
▪ Private detective
▪ Title searcher
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Lawyer – 2611
▪ Judge – 2612
▪ Notary – 2619
▪ Legal secretary – 3342
3412 Social Work Associate Professionals
Social work associate professionals administer
and implement social assistance programmes and community services and assist
clients to deal with personal and social problems.
Tasks include –
(a)
collecting information relevant to clients’ needs and assessing their
relevant skills, strengths and deficits;
(b)
helping persons with disabilities or the elderly to obtain services and
to improve their ability to function in society;
(c)
assisting clients to identify options and develop plans of action, while
providing necessary support and assistance;
(d)
assisting clients to identify and access community resources including
legal, medical and financial assistance, housing, employment, transportation,
assistance with moves, day care and other referral services;
(e)
counselling clients living in group homes and half-way houses,
supervising their activities and assisting in pre-release and release planning;
(f)
participating in the selection and admission of clients to appropriate
programmes;
(g)
providing crisis intervention and emergency shelter services;
(h)
implementing life skills workshops, substance abuse treatment programmes,
behaviour management programmes, youth services programmes and other community
and social service programmes under the supervision of social work or health
care professionals;
(i)
assisting in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions and programmes
by monitoring and reporting on clients’ progress;
(j)
maintaining contact with other social service agencies, schools and
health care providers involved with clients to provide information and obtain
feedback on clients’ overall situation and progress.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Community development worker
▪ Community services worker
▪ Crisis intervention worker
▪ Disability services worker
▪ Family services worker
▪ Life skills instructor
▪ Mental health support worker
▪ Welfare support worker
▪ Women’s shelter supervisor
▪ Youth services worker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Marriage counsellor – 2635
▪ Parole officer – 2635
▪ Probation officer – 2635
▪ Social worker – 2635
3413 Religious Associate Professionals
Religious associate professionals provide
support to ministers of religion or to a religious community, undertake
religious works, preach and propagate the teachings of a particular religion
and endeavour to improve well-being through the power of faith and spiritual
advice.
Tasks include –
(a)
undertaking religious works;
(b)
preaching and propagating the teachings of a particular religious faith;
(c)
assisting at services of public worship and religious rites;
(d)
providing religious education, spiritual guidance and moral support to
individuals and communities;
(e)
administering and participating in programmes to provide food, clothing
and shelter to those in need;
(f)
advising communities and individuals on proper behaviour and faith to
preserve or improve well-being.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Faith healer
▪ Lay preacher
▪ Monk
▪ Nun
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Bonze – 2636
▪ Imam – 2636
▪ Minister of religion – 2636
▪ Poojari – 2636
▪ Priest – 2636
▪ Rabbi – 2636
▪ Herbalist – 3230
▪ Village healer – 3230
▪ Witch doctor – 3230
Minor
Group 342
Sports
and Fitness Workers
Sports and fitness workers prepare for and
compete in sporting events for financial gain; train amateur and professional
sportsmen and women to enhance performance; promote participation and standards
in sport; organize and officiate sporting events; and provide instruction,
training and supervision for various forms of exercise and other recreational
activities.
Tasks performed usually include: participating
in competitive sporting events; conducting sports training to develop ability
in and knowledge of the sport; compiling rules concerning the conduct of
sporting competitions, and controlling the progress of these events; planning,
organizing and conducting practice sessions; developing and designing fitness
programmes; delivering group exercise classes and personal tuition in a variety
of fitness activities; promoting sports and sports skills development; and
overseeing the participation of young people in sport.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3421 Athletes and
Sports Players
3422 Sports Coaches,
Instructors and Officials
3423 Fitness and
Recreation Instructors and Programme Leaders
3421 Athletes and Sports Players
Athletes and sport players participate in
competitive sporting events. They train and compete, either individually or as
part of a team, in their chosen sport.
Tasks include –
(a)
participating in competitive sporting events;
(b)
participating in regular practice and training sessions and undertaking
private training to maintain the required standard of fitness and skill;
(c)
undertaking sports promotional activities and media interviews;
(d)
maintaining a high degree of expertise in a particular sport;
(e)
deciding on strategies in consultation with coaches;
(f)
assessing other competitors and conditions at venues;
(g)
competing in sporting events;
(h)
adhering to the rules and regulations associated with a specific sport.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Athlete
▪ Bicycle racer
▪ Boxer
▪ Chess player
▪ Footballer
▪ Golfer
▪ Hockey player
▪ Jockey
▪ Poker player
▪ Racing driver
▪ Skier
▪ Tennis player
▪ Wrestler
3422 Sports Coaches, Instructors
and Officials
Sports coaches, instructors and officials work
with amateur and professional sportspersons to enhance performance and
encourage greater participation in sport, and organize and officiate in
sporting events according to established rules.
Tasks include –
(a)
identifying strengths and weaknesses of athletes or teams;
(b)
planning, developing and implementing training and practice sessions;
(c)
developing, planning and coordinating competitive schedules and programmes;
(d)
motivating and preparing athletes or teams for competitive events or
games;
(e)
formulating competitive strategy, developing game plans and directing
athletes and players during games or athletic events;
(f)
analysing and evaluating athletes’ or teams’ performances and modifying
training programmes;
(g)
monitoring and analysing technique and performance, and determining how
future improvements can be made;
(h)
officiating at sporting events or athletic competitions to maintain
standards of play and to ensure that game rules and safety regulations are
observed;
(i)
recording lapsed time and keeping score during events or competitions;
(j)
judging the performance of competitors, awarding points, imposing
penalties for infractions and determining results;
(k)
compiling scores and other athletic records.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Referee
▪ Ski instructor
▪ Sports coach
▪ Sports official
▪ Swimming instructor
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Fitness instructor – 3423
▪ Horse riding instructor – 3423
3423 Fitness and Recreation Instructors
and Programme Leaders
Fitness and recreation instructors and programme
leaders lead, guide and instruct groups and individuals in recreational,
fitness or outdoor adventure activities.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning and carrying out recreational and fitness activities;
(b)
monitoring recreational, sports or fitness activities to ensure safety
and provide emergency or first aid assistance when required;
(c)
evaluating and monitoring clients’ abilities and fitness and
recommending activities;
(d)
demonstrating and teaching body movements, concepts and skills used in
fitness routines and recreational activities;
(e)
instructing in the use of equipment;
(f)
explaining and enforcing safety procedures, rules and regulations.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Aerobics instructor
▪ Fitness instructor
▪ Horse riding instructor
▪ Outdoor adventure guide
▪ Personal trainer
▪ Sailing instructor
▪ Underwater diving instructor
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Ski instructor – 3422
▪ Swimming instructor – 3422
Minor
Group 343
Artistic,
Cultural and Culinary Associate Professionals
Artistic, cultural and culinary associate
professionals combine creative skills and technical and cultural knowledge in
taking and processing still photographs; design and decoration of theatre sets,
shop displays and the interiors of homes; preparation of objects for display;
maintenance of library and gallery collections, records and cataloguing
systems; creation of menus and preparation and presentation of food; provision
of support for stage, film and television production; and in other areas of
artistic and cultural endeavour.
Tasks performed usually include: operating
still cameras to photograph people, events, scenes, materials, products and
other subjects; applying artistic techniques to product design, interior
decoration and sales promotion; mounting and preparing objects for display;
designing and arranging exhibit furnishings, display cases and display areas;
designing menus and overseeing the preparation of food; assisting directors and
performers with the staging of theatrical, motion picture, television or
commercial productions.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3431 Photographers
3432 Interior
Designers and Decorators
3433 Gallery, Museum
and Library Technicians
3434 Chefs
3435 Other Artistic
and Cultural Associate Professionals
3431 Photographers
Photographers operate still cameras to
photograph people, events, scenes, materials, products and other subjects.
Tasks include –
(a)
taking photographs for advertising or other commercial, industrial or
scientific purposes and to illustrate stories and articles in newspapers,
magazines and other publications;
(b)
taking portrait photographs of persons and groups of persons;
(c)
studying requirements of a particular assignment and decide on type of
camera, film, lighting and background accessories to be used;
(d)
determining picture composition, making technical adjustments to
equipment and photograph subject;
(e)
operating scanners to transfer photographic images to computers;
(f)
operating computers to manipulate photographic images;
(g)
adapting existing photographic images to create new digitized images to
be included in multimedia products;
(h)
using airbrush, computer or other techniques to create the desired
visual effect.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Aerial photographer
▪ Commercial photographer
▪ Industrial photographer
▪ Photojournalist
▪ Photographer
▪ Portrait photographer
▪ Scientific photographer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Film camera operator – 3521
▪ Video camera operator – 3521
▪ Photographic equipment repairer –
7311
▪ Photogravure photographer – 7321
▪ Photolithographer – 7321
▪ Electronics mechanic – 7421
3432 Interior Designers and Decorators
Interior designers and decorators plan and
design commercial, industrial, public, retail and residential building
interiors to produce an environment tailored to a purpose, taking into
consideration factors that enhance living and working environments and sales
promotion. They coordinate and participate in their construction and
decoration.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining the objectives and constraints of the design brief by
consulting with clients and stakeholders;
(b)
researching and analysing spatial, functional, efficiency, safety and
aesthetic requirements;
(c)
formulating design concepts for the interiors of buildings;
(d)
preparing sketches, diagrams, illustrations and plans to communicate
design concepts;
(e)
negotiating design solutions with clients, management, suppliers and
construction staff;
(f)
selecting, specifying and recommending functional and aesthetic
materials, furniture and products for interiors;
(g)
detailing and documenting selected design for construction;
(h)
coordinating the construction and the decoration of interiors;
(i)
designing and painting stage scenery;
(j)
designing and decorating show windows and other display areas to promote
products and services.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Display decorator
▪ Interior decorator
▪ Set designer
▪ Visual merchandiser
▪ Window dresser
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Interior architect – 2161
3433 Gallery, Museum and Library
Technicians
Gallery, museum and library technicians prepare
artworks, specimens and artefacts for collections, arrange and construct
gallery exhibits, and assist librarians to organize and operate systems for
handling recorded material and files.
Tasks include –
(a)
mounting and preparing objects for display;
(b)
designing and arranging exhibit furnishings, display cases and display
areas;
(c)
assisting in setting up lighting and display equipment;
(d)
receiving, shipping, packing and unpacking exhibits;
(e)
ordering new library materials and maintaining library records and
circulation systems;
(f)
cataloguing printed and recorded material;
(g)
entering data into databases and editing computer records;
(h)
operating audiovisual and reprographic equipment;
(i)
searching and verifying bibliographic data.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Gallery technician
▪ Library technician
▪ Museum technician
▪ Taxidermist
3434 Chefs
Chefs design menus, create dishes and oversee
the planning, organization, preparation and cooking of meals in hotels,
restaurants and other eating places, on board ships, on passenger trains and in
private households.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning and developing recipes and menus, estimating food and labour costs,
and ordering food supplies;
(b)
monitoring quality of dishes at all stages of preparation and
presentation;
(c)
discussing food preparation issues with managers, dieticians, kitchen
and waiting staff;
(d)
supervising and coordinating the activities of cooks and other workers
engaged in food preparation;
(e)
inspecting supplies, equipment and work areas to ensure conformity with
established standards;
(f)
determining how food should be presented, and creating decorative food
displays;
(g) instructing
cooks and other workers in the preparation, cooking, garnishing and
presentation of food;
(h)
participating in the recruitment of kitchen staff and monitoring their
performance;
(i)
preparing, seasoning and cooking speciality foods and complex dishes;
(j)
explaining and enforcing hygiene and food safety regulations.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Chef
▪ Executive chef
▪ Head chef
▪ Pastry chef
▪ Saucier
▪ Sous-chef
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Cook – 5120
▪ Fast food preparer – 9411
3435 Other Artistic and Cultural
Associate Professionals
This unit group covers artistic and cultural
associate professionals not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 343: Artistic, Cultural
and Culinary Associate Professionals. For instance, those who assist directors
or actors with staging of theatrical, motion picture, television or commercial
productions are classified here.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Body artist
▪ Floor manager (broadcasting)
▪ Lighting technician
▪ Programme coordinator (broadcasting)
▪ Prompter
▪ Property master (broadcasting)
▪ Script-girl/boy
▪ Special effects technician
▪ Stage manager
▪ Stage technician
▪ Stunt artist
▪ Stunt coordinator
▪ Tattooist
▪ Theatre technician
▪ Theatrical dresser
▪ Walker-on
Sub-major Group 35
Information and Communications
Technicians
Information and communications technicians
provide support for the day-to-day running of computer systems, communications
systems and networks, and perform technical tasks related to
telecommunications, broadcast image and sound as well as other types of
telecommunications signals on land, sea or in aircraft. Competent performance
in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO
skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: providing assistance to information and communications
systems users; installing new programs and equipment; establishing, operating
and maintaining network and other data communications systems; installing,
monitoring and supporting Internet and Intranet websites or web server hardware
or software; modifying web pages; and performing web server backup and recovery
operations; controlling equipment to record sound, edit and mix image and sound
recordings; controlling and maintaining transmitting and broadcast systems and
satellite systems for radio and television programmes; controlling and
maintaining radio communications systems, satellite services and multiplex
systems on land, sea or in aircraft; providing technical assistance connected
with research and development of computer systems and telecommunications
equipment, or testing prototypes; designing and preparing blueprints of
circuitry according to the specifications given; providing technical
supervision of the manufacture, utilization, maintenance and repair of
telecommunications systems.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
351 Information and
Communications Technology Operations and User Support Technicians
352 Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technicians
Minor
Group 351
Information
and Communications Technology Operations and User Support Technicians
Information technology operations and user
support technicians provide support for the day-to-day running of
communications systems, computer systems and networks, and provide technical
assistance to users
Tasks performed usually include: operating and
controlling peripheral and related computer equipment; monitoring systems for
equipment failure or errors in performance; loading peripheral equipment, such
as printers, with selected materials for operating runs, or overseeing loading
of peripheral equipment by peripheral equipment operators; answering user
inquiries regarding software or hardware operation to resolve problems;
installing and performing minor repairs to hardware, software, or peripheral
equipment, following design or installation specifications; overseeing the
daily performance of systems; setting up equipment for employee use, performing
or ensuring proper installation of cables, operating systems, or appropriate
software; establishing, operating and maintaining network and other data
communications systems; installing, monitoring and supporting the reliability
and usability of Internet and Intranet websites or web server hardware or
software; modifying web pages; and performing web server backup and recovery
operations.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3511 Information and
Communications Technology Operations Technicians
3512 Information and
Communications Technology User Support Technicians
3513 Computer Network
and Systems Technicians
3514 Web Technicians
3511 Information and Communications
Technology Operations Technicians
Information and communications technology
operations technicians support the day-to-day processing, operation and
monitoring of information and communications technology systems, peripherals,
hardware, software and related computer equipment to ensure optimal performance
and identify any problems.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and controlling peripheral and related computer equipment;
(b)
entering commands, using computer terminals, and activating controls on
computer and peripheral equipment to integrate and operate equipment;
(c)
monitoring systems for equipment failure or errors in performance;
(d)
notifying supervisors or maintenance technicians of equipment
malfunctions;
(e)
responding to program error messages by finding and correcting problems,
escalating the problem to other staff or terminating the program;
(f)
reading job set-up instructions to determine equipment to be used, order
of use, material such as disks and paper to be loaded, and to control settings;
(g)
retrieving, separating and sorting program output as needed, and sending
data to specified users;
(h)
loading peripheral equipment, such as printers, with selected materials
for operating runs, or overseeing loading of peripheral equipment by peripheral
equipment operators.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Computer operator
▪ Computer peripheral equipment
operator
▪ High-speed computer printer
operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Computer network technician – 3513
3512 Information and Communications
Technology User Support Technicians
Information and communications technology user
support technicians provide technical assistance to users, either directly or by telephone, email
or other electronic means, including diagnosing and resolving issues and
problems with software, hardware, computer peripheral equipment, networks,
databases and the Internet, and providing guidance and support in the
deployment, installation and maintenance of systems.
Tasks include –
(a)
answering user inquiries regarding software or hardware operation to
resolve problems;
(b)
entering commands and observing system functioning to verify correct
operations and detect errors;
(c)
installing and performing minor repairs to hardware, software or
peripheral equipment, following design or installation specifications;
(d)
overseeing the daily performance of communications and computer systems;
(e)
setting up equipment for employee use and performing or ensuring proper
installation of cables, operating systems or appropriate software;
(f)
maintaining records of daily data communication transactions, problems
and remedial actions taken, or installation activities;
(g)
emulating or reproducing technical problems encountered by users;
(h)
consulting user guides, technical manuals and other documents to
research and implement solutions;
(i)
assisting applications programmers, systems developers and other ICT
professionals to develop and test ICT products and services.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Communications assistant (ICT)
▪ Computer database assistant
▪ Computer help desk operator
▪ Computer programming assistant
▪ Computer systems analysis
assistant
3513 Computer Network and Systems
Technicians
Computer network and systems technicians
establish, operate and maintain network and other data communications systems.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating, maintaining and troubleshooting network systems;
(b)
operating and maintaining data communications systems other than
networks;
(c)
assisting users with network and data communications problems;
(d)
identifying areas needing upgraded equipment and software;
(e)
installing computer hardware, network software, operating system
software and applications software;
(f)
performing start up and close down as well as backup and disaster
recovery operations for computer networks.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Computer network technician
▪ Network support technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Network administrator – 2522
▪
Network analyst – 2523
▪
Computer operator – 3511
▪
Web technician – 3514
3514 Web Technicians
Web technicians maintain, monitor and support
the optimal functioning of Internet and Intranet websites and web server
hardware and software.
Tasks include –
(a)
installing, monitoring and supporting the reliability and usability of
Internet and Intranet websites or web server hardware or software;
(b)
developing and maintaining documentation, policies and instructions,
recording operational procedures and system logs;
(c)
developing, coordinating, implementing and monitoring security measures;
(d) analysing
and making recommendations to enhance performance, including upgrading and
acquiring new systems;
(e)
liaising with, and providing guidance to, clients and users;
(f)
creating and modifying web pages;
(g)
performing web server backup and recovery operations.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Webmaster
▪ Website administrator
▪ Website technician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Computer games designer – 2166
▪ Website designer – 2166
▪ Systems analyst (computers) – 2511
▪ Computer software designer – 2512
▪ Website developer – 2513
▪ Computer systems administrator – 2522
▪ Network administrator – 2522
Minor
Group 352
Telecommunications
and Broadcasting Technicians
Telecommunications and broadcasting technicians
control technical functioning of equipment to record and edit images and sound and
for transmitting radio and television broadcasts of images and sounds, as well
as other types of telecommunication signals on land, sea or in aircraft;
perform technical tasks connected with telecommunications engineering research
and with the design, manufacture, assembly, construction, operation,
maintenance and repair of telecommunications systems.
Tasks performed usually include: controlling
equipment to record sound, edit and mix image and sound recordings; controlling
and maintaining transmitting and broadcast systems and satellite systems for
radio and television programmes; controlling and maintaining radio communications
systems, satellite services and multiplex systems on land, sea or in aircraft;
providing technical assistance connected with research and the development of
telecommunications equipment, or testing prototypes; designing and preparing
blueprints of circuitry according to the specifications given; providing
technical supervision of the manufacture, utilization, maintenance and repair
of telecommunications systems.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
3521 Broadcasting and
Audiovisual Technicians
3522
Telecommunications Engineering Technicians
3521 Broadcasting and Audiovisual
Technicians
Broadcasting and audiovisual technicians
control technical functioning of equipment to record and edit images and sound and
for transmitting radio and television broadcasts of images and sounds, as well
as other types of telecommunication signals on land, sea or in aircraft.
Tasks include –
(a)
controlling equipment to record sound;
(b)
controlling equipment to edit and mix image and sound recordings to
ensure satisfactory quality and to create special image and sound effects;
(c)
applying knowledge of principles and practices of image and sound
recording and editing in order to identify and solve problems;
(d)
controlling transmitting and broadcast systems and satellite systems for
radio and television programmes;
(e)
controlling radio communications systems, satellite services and
multiplex systems on land, sea or in aircraft;
(f)
applying knowledge of principles and practices of broadcasting,
telecommunications terminals and transmissions systems in order to identify and
solve problems;
(g)
making emergency repairs to equipment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Audiovisual operator
▪ Broadcasting equipment operator
▪ Broadcasting technician
▪ Camera operator (motion picture)
▪ Camera operator (video)
▪ Production assistant (media)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Photographer – 3431
3522 Telecommunications Engineering
Technicians
Telecommunications engineering technicians
perform technical tasks connected with telecommunications engineering research,
as well as with the design, manufacture, assembly, construction, operation,
maintenance and repair of telecommunications systems.
Tasks include –
(a)
providing technical assistance connected with research and the development
of telecommunications equipment, or testing prototypes;
(b)
studying technical material such as blueprints and sketches to determine
the method of work to be adopted;
(c)
preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour
required for the manufacture and installation of telecommunications equipment,
according to the specifications given;
(d)
providing technical supervision of the manufacture, utilization,
maintenance and repair of telecommunications systems to ensure satisfactory
performance and compliance with specifications and regulations;
(e)
applying technical knowledge of telecommunications engineering
principles and practices in order to identify and solve problems arising in the
course of their work.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Engineering technician
(telecommunications)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Engineering technician
(electronics) – 3114
▪ Computer hardware installer – 7422
▪ Telecommunications equipment repairer
– 7422
▪ Telephone installer – 7422
Clerical support workers record, organize,
store, compute and retrieve information, and perform a number of clerical duties
in connection with money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for
information, and appointments. Competent
performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the
second ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by clerical support workers
usually include: stenography, typing, and operating word processors and other
office machines; entering data into computers; carrying out secretarial duties;
recording and computing numerical data; keeping records relating to stocks,
production and transport; keeping records relating to passenger and freight
transport; carrying out clerical duties in libraries; filing documents;
carrying out duties in connection with
mail services; preparing and checking material for printing; assisting
persons who cannot read or write with correspondence; performing money-handling
operations; dealing with travel arrangements; supplying information requested
by clients and making appointments; operating a telephone switchboard. Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this major group are classified
into the following sub-major groups:
41 General and
Keyboard Clerks
42 Customer Services
Clerks
43 Numerical and
Material Recording Clerks
44 Other Clerical
Support Workers
Sub-major Group 41
General and Keyboard
Clerks
General and keyboard clerks record, organize,
store and retrieve information and perform a wide range of clerical and
administrative tasks according to established procedures. Competent performance
in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO
skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: recording, preparing, sorting, classifying and filing
information; sorting, opening and sending mail; preparing reports and correspondence
of a routine nature; photocopying and faxing documents; operating personal
computers, word processors or typewriters to record, input and process text and
data; proofreading and correcting copy; preparing invoices and checking
figures.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
411 General Office
Clerks
412 Secretaries
(general)
413 Keyboard Operators
Minor
Group 411
General
Office Clerks
General office clerks perform a range of
clerical and administrative tasks according to established procedures.
Tasks performed usually include: recording,
preparing, sorting, classifying and filing information; sorting, opening and
sending mail; photocopying and faxing documents; preparing reports and correspondence of a routine nature; recording
issue of equipment to staff; responding to telephone or electronic inquiries or
forwarding to appropriate persons; checking figures, preparing invoices and
recording details of financial transactions made; transcribing information onto
computers, and proofreading and correcting copy.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
4110 General Office
Clerks
4110 General Office Clerks
General office clerks perform a range of clerical
and administrative tasks according to established procedures.
Tasks include –
(a)
recording, preparing, sorting, classifying and filing information;
(b)
sorting, opening and sending mail;
(c)
photocopying and faxing documents;
(d) preparing
reports and correspondence of a routine nature;
(e)
recording issue of equipment to staff;
(f)
responding to telephone or electronic inquiries or forwarding to
appropriate person;
(g)
checking figures, preparing invoices and recording details of financial
transactions made;
(h)
transcribing information onto computers, and proofreading and correcting
copy.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ General office clerk
▪ Office clerk
Note
In distinguishing the work of general office clerks
from that of workers classified in Unit Group 4120: Secretaries (general), it
should be noted that the work of secretaries is primarily concerned with the
transcription, formatting and processing of correspondence and other
documentation. Whilst general office
clerks may perform some work of this nature, the transcription and processing
of documentation is not the main focus of the work.
Minor
Group 412
Secretaries
(general)
Secretaries (general) use typewriters, personal
computers or other word processing equipment to transcribe correspondence and
other documents, check and format documents prepared by other staff, deal with
incoming and outgoing mail, screen requests for meetings or appointments, and
perform a variety of administrative support tasks.
Tasks performed usually include: checking,
formatting and transcribing correspondence, minutes and reports from dictation,
electronic documents or written drafts to conform to office standards, using
typewriters, personal computers or other word processing equipment; using
various computer software packages, including spreadsheets, to provide
administrative support; dealing with incoming or outgoing mail; scanning,
recording and distributing mail, correspondence and other documents; screening
requests for meetings or appointments and helping to organize meetings;
screening and recording staff members’ leave and other entitlements; organizing
and supervising filing systems; dealing with routine correspondence on their
own initiative.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
4120 Secretaries (general)
4120 Secretaries (general)
Secretaries (general) use typewriters, personal
computers or other word processing equipment to transcribe correspondence and
other documents, check and format documents prepared by other staff, deal with
incoming and outgoing mail, screen requests for meetings or appointments, and
perform a variety of administrative support tasks.
Tasks include –
(a)
checking, formatting and transcribing correspondence, minutes and
reports from dictation, electronic documents or written drafts to conform to
office standards, using typewriter, personal computer or other word processing
equipment;
(b)
using various computer software packages including spreadsheets to
provide administrative support;
(c)
dealing with incoming or outgoing mail;
(d)
scanning, recording and distributing mail, correspondence and other documents;
(e)
screening requests for meetings or appointments and helping to organize
meetings;
(f)
screening and recording staff members’ leave and other entitlements;
(g)
organizing and supervising filing systems;
(h)
dealing with routine correspondence on their own initiative.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Secretary
▪ Typing secretary
▪ Word processing secretary
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Administrative secretary – 3343
▪
Executive assistant – 3343
▪
Legal secretary – 3342
▪
Medical secretary – 3344
Minor
Group 413
Keyboard
Operators
Keyboard operators input and process text and
data, and prepare, edit and generate documents for storage, processing,
publication and transmission.
Tasks performed usually include: entering data
and codes required to process information; retrieving, confirming and updating
data in storage and keeping records of data input; taking records of
proceedings in rapid shorthand using computerized equipment and
shorthand-writing machines; transcribing information recorded in shorthand and
on sound recording equipment, and proofreading and correcting copy; reproducing
the spoken word, environmental sounds and song lyrics as captions for cinema
and television programming.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
4131 Typists and Word
Processing Operators
4132 Data Entry Clerks
4131 Typists and Word Processing
Operators
Typists and word processing operators type,
edit and print text using typewriters, personal computers or other word
processors, and record oral or written matter in shorthand.
Tasks include –
(a)
typing written material from rough drafts, corrected copies, voice
recordings or shorthand using a computer, word processor or typewriter;
(b)
checking completed work for proper spelling, grammar, punctuation and
formatting;
(c)
gathering and arranging the material to be typed, following
instructions;
(d)
filing and storing completed documents on computer hard drive or disk,
or maintaining a computer filing system to store, retrieve or update documents;
(e)
taking dictation and recording other matter in shorthand;
(f)
reproducing the spoken word, environmental sounds and song lyrics as
captions for cinema and television programming;
(g)
transcribing information recorded in shorthand and on sound recording
equipment.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Shorthand typist
▪ Stenographer
▪ Typist
▪ Word processor
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Court reporter – 3343
▪ Medical transcriptionist – 3344
4132 Data Entry Clerks
Data entry clerks enter coded, statistical,
financial and other numerical data into electronic equipment, computerized
databases, spreadsheets or other data repositories using a keyboard, mouse, or
optical scanner, speech recognition software or other data entry tools. They
enter data into mechanical and electronic devices to perform mathematical
calculations.
Tasks include –
(a)
receiving and registering invoices, forms, records and other documents
for data capture;
(b)
entering numerical data, codes and text from source material into computer-compatible
storage and processing devices;
(c)
verifying accuracy and completeness of data and correcting entered data,
if needed;
(d)
operating bookkeeping and calculating machines;
(e)
importing and exporting data between different database systems and
software.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Data entry operator
▪ Data input clerk
▪ Payment entry clerk
Sub-Major Group 42
Customer Services Clerks
Customer services clerks deal with clients in
connection with money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for
information, making appointments, operating telephone switchboards, and
interviewing for surveys or to complete applications for eligibility for
services. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group
requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: performing money-handling operations in banks, post
offices, betting and gambling establishments, or dealing with travel arrangements;
supplying information requested by clients and making appointments; operating
telephone switchboards; greeting and receiving visitors; interviewing survey
respondents; interviewing applicants for services.
Occupations in this sub-major group are classified
into the following minor groups:
421 Tellers, Money
Collectors and Related Clerks
422 Client Information
Workers
Minor
Group 421
Tellers,
Money Collectors and Related Clerks
Tellers, money collectors and related clerks
perform money-handling operations in establishments relating to banking, postal
services, betting or gambling, pawning and debt collecting.
Tasks performed usually include: dealing with
clients of banks or post offices in connection with money operations or postal
services; receiving and paying off bets on results of sporting events;
conducting gambling games; lending money against articles deposited or other
securities; collecting debts and other payments.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
4211 Bank Tellers and
Related Clerks
4212 Bookmakers,
Croupiers and Related Gaming Workers
4213 Pawnbrokers and
Money-lenders
4214 Debt Collectors
and Related Workers
4211 Bank Tellers and Related Clerks
Bank tellers and related clerks deal directly
with clients of banks or post offices in connection with receiving, changing
and paying out money, or providing mail services.
Tasks include –
(a)
processing customer cash deposits and withdrawals, cheques, transfers,
bills, credit card payments, money orders, certified cheques and other related
banking transactions;
(b)
crediting and debiting clients’ accounts;
(c)
paying bills and making money transfers on clients’ behalf;
(d)
receiving mail, selling postage stamps and conducting other post office
counter business such as bill payments, money transfers and related business;
(e)
changing money from one currency to another, as requested by clients;
(f)
making records of all transactions and reconciling them with cash
balance.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bank teller
▪ Money changer
▪ Post office counter clerk
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Cashier – 5230
4212 Bookmakers, Croupiers and
Related Gaming Workers
Bookmakers and croupiers and related gaming
workers determine odds and receive and pay off bets on results of sporting or
other events, or conduct games of chance in gambling establishments.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining risks to decide odds and to hedge or refuse bets;
(b)
preparing and issuing lists of approximate odds;
(c)
distributing cards, rolling dice or spinning a roulette wheel:
(d)
explaining and interpreting operating rules of a gambling establishment;
(e)
announcing winning numbers, paying winners and collecting payments from
losers;
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bookmaker
▪ Croupier
4213 Pawnbrokers and Money-lenders
Pawnbrokers and money-lenders lend money
against articles deposited as pledges, or against property or other security.
Tasks include –
(a)
evaluating articles offered as pledges, calculating interest, and
lending money;
(b)
returning articles when the loan is paid or, in the event of
non-payment, selling pledged articles;
(c)
lending money as personal loans against success of future harvest and
other similar undertakings;
(d)
collecting loans when the pledge involved the success of future harvest
and other similar undertakings;
(e)
keeping a record of items received and money distributed and received.;
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Money-lender
▪ Pawnbroker
4214 Debt Collectors and Related
Workers
Debt collectors and related workers collect
payments on overdue accounts and bad cheques and collect charity payments.
Tasks include –
(a)
tracing and locating debtors;
(b)
telephoning, visiting or writing to customers to collect money or
arrange for later payments;
(c)
preparing reports including amounts collected, and maintaining records
and files related to collection work;
(d)
recommending legal action or discontinuation of service when payment
cannot be otherwise obtained;
(e)
asking for and collecting charity payments.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bill and account collector
▪ Charity collector
▪ Debt collector
Minor
Group 422
Client
Information Workers
Client information workers provide or obtain
information in person, by telephone or electronic means such as email in
connection with making travel arrangements, describing the products or services
of an organization, registering and greeting guests and visitors, making
appointments, connecting telephone calls and collecting information from survey
respondents or applicants for services.
Tasks performed usually include: preparing
itineraries and making travel and hotel reservations for clients; greeting and
receiving clients and visitors; registering accommodation guests; providing
information concerning the goods, services or policies of an organization;
making appointments; operating a telephone switchboard; interviewing survey
respondents and applicants for eligibility.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
4221 Travel
Consultants and Clerks
4222 Contact Centre
Information Clerks
4223 Telephone
Switchboard Operators
4224 Hotel Receptionists
4225 Inquiry Clerks
4226 Receptionists
(general)
4227 Survey and Market
Research Interviewers
4229 Client
Information Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
4221 Travel Consultants and Clerks
Travel consultants and clerks provide
information about travel destinations, arrange travel itineraries, obtain
travel and accommodation reservations and register passengers at check-in and
departure.
Tasks include –
(a) obtaining information about the availability,
cost and convenience of different types of transport and accommodation,
ascertaining customers’ requirements and advising them on travel arrangements;
(b) providing information about local and
regional attractions, sightseeing tours, restaurants, arts and entertainment,
and providing maps and brochures;
(c)
preparing itineraries;
(d)
making and confirming reservations for travel, tours and accommodation;
(e)
issuing tickets, boarding passes and vouchers;
(f)
helping customers in obtaining necessary travel documents such as visas;
(g)
verifying travel documentation and registering passengers and luggage at
check-in and departure;
(h)
preparing bills and receiving payments;
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Airline ticket agent
▪ Check-in attendant
▪ Ticket issuing clerk (travel)
▪ Travel agency clerk
▪ Travel consultant
▪ Travel desk clerk
▪ Tourism information clerk
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Travel agency manager – 1439
▪ Conference and event planner –
3332
▪ Tour operator – 3339
▪ Tour escort – 5113
▪ Tourist guide – 5113
▪ Ticket issuing clerk
(entertainment and sporting events) – 5230
4222 Contact Centre Information
Clerks
Contact centre information clerks provide
advice and information to clients, respond to queries regarding a company’s or
an organization’s goods, services or policies, and process financial
transactions using the telephone or electronic communications media such as
email. They are located in premises that may be remote from clients or other
operations of the organizations or companies about whom information is
provided.
Tasks include –
(a)
dealing with incoming calls and messages from clients, whether to answer
queries, handle calls for service or sort out complaints;
(b)
identifying requirements and entering events into a computer system;
(c)
dispatching tasks to other units, when relevant;
(d)
invoicing or handling payments, where necessary;
(e)
sending letters, information sheets and other documents to clients;
(f)
advising clients of additional products or services.
Example of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Customer contact centre
information clerk
Some related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Telephone operator – 4223
▪ Market research interviewer – 4227
▪ Call centre salesperson – 5244
▪ Customer contact centre
salesperson – 5244
▪ Telemarketing salesperson – 5244
Note
Only workers who respond to requests for information
and/or handle straightforward transactions are classified in Unit Group 4222:
Contact Centre Information Clerks. Those who provide specialized services, such
as travel consultants, are classified in the relevant specialized group whether
or not they are located in customer contact centres.
4223 Telephone Switchboard Operators
Telephone switchboard operators operate
telephone communications switchboards and consoles to establish telephone connections,
receive caller inquiries, service problem reports, and record and relay
messages to staff or clients.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating switchboards and consoles to connect, hold, transfer and
disconnect telephone calls;
(b)
making connections for outgoing calls;
(c)
dealing with telephone inquiries and recording messages;
(d)
forwarding messages to staff or clients;
(e)
investigating operating system problems and informing repair services.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Answering service operator
▪ Telephone switchboard operator
4224 Hotel Receptionists
Hotel receptionists welcome and register guests
in hotels and other establishments that provide accommodation services. They
assign rooms, issue keys, provide information concerning the services provided,
make room reservations, keep a record of rooms available for occupancy, present
statements of charges to departing guests and receive payment.
Tasks include –
(a)
maintaining an inventory of rooms available for occupancy, reservations
and room assignments;
(b)
registering arriving guests, assigning rooms, verifying customers’
credit and issuing room keys;
(c)
providing information regarding hotel services and services available in
the community;
(d) providing
information about availability of accommodation and making room reservations;
(e)
responding to guests’ requests for housekeeping and maintenance services
as well as to complaints;
(f)
contacting housekeeping or maintenance services when guests report
problems;
(g)
compiling and checking guest accounts for charges using computerized or
manual systems;
(h)
receiving and forwarding messages in person or using telephones or
telephone switchboards;
(i)
reviewing statements of charges to departing guests and receiving
payment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Hotel front desk clerk
▪ Hotel receptionist
4225 Inquiry Clerks
Inquiry clerks respond to personal, written and
electronic mail as well as telephone inquiries and complaints about the
organization’s goods, services and policies, provide information and refer
people to other sources. They are employed in locations which put them in
direct contact with clients or with the production of the goods and services
provided.
Tasks include –
(a)
answering inquiries about goods, services and policy and providing
information about their availability, location, price and related issues;
(b)
responding to inquiries about problems and providing advice, information
and assistance;
(c)
recording information about inquiries and complaints;
(d)
referring complex inquiries to team leaders or expert advisers;
(e)
issuing relevant forms, information kits and brochures to interested
parties.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Counter inquiries clerk
▪ Information clerk
4226 Receptionists (general)
Receptionists (general) receive and welcome
visitors, clients, or guests and respond to inquiries and requests including
arranging for appointments.
Tasks include –
(a)
receiving and welcoming visitors, guests or clients;
(b)
making appointments for clients;
(c)
dealing with telephone requests for information or appointments;
(d)
directing clients to appropriate location or person;
(e)
supplying information pamphlets, brochures or forms.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Medical office receptionist
▪ Receptionist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Medical secretary – 3344
▪ Hotel receptionist – 4224
4227 Survey and Market Research
Interviewers
Survey and market research interviewers
interview people and record their responses to survey and market research
questions on a range of topics.
Tasks include –
(a)
contacting individuals by telephone or in person and explaining the
purpose of the interview;
(b)
asking questions following the outlines of questionnaires and surveys;
(c)
recording responses on paper or entering responses directly into a
computer database through computer-assisted interviewing systems;
(d)
identifying and resolving inconsistencies in responses;
(e)
providing feedback to survey sponsors concerning problems in obtaining
valid data.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Market research interviewer
▪ Public opinion interviewer
▪ Survey interviewer
4229 Client Information Workers
Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group includes client information
workers not included elsewhere in Minor Group 422: Client Information Workers.
For instance, it includes workers who obtain and process information from
clients needed to determine eligibility for services.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
interviewing patients to obtain and process information required to
provide hospital services;
(b)
interviewing applicants for public assistance to gather information
pertinent to their application;
(c)
verifying the accuracy of information provided;
(d)
initiating procedures to grant, modify, deny or terminate assistance;
(e)
providing information and answering questions concerning benefits and
claims procedures;
(f)
referring patients or applicants to other organizations if they are
ineligible for services.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Eligibility interviewer
▪ Eligibility specialist
▪ Hospital admissions clerk
Sub-major Group 43
Numerical and Material
Recording Clerks
Numerical and material recording clerks obtain,
compile and compute accounting, bookkeeping, statistical, financial and other numerical
data, and take charge of cash transactions incidental to business matters. Some
occupations classified here keep records of goods produced, purchased, stocked
and dispatched, and of materials needed at specified production dates, or keep
records of operational aspects and coordinate the timing of passenger and
freight transport. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major
group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: helping with accounting and bookkeeping records and computations; calculating unit
production costs; calculating wages and in some cases preparing wage packets
and paying wages; taking charge of cash transactions incidental to the
business; obtaining, compiling and computing statistical or actuarial data;
performing clerical tasks relating to the financial transactions of an
insurance establishment, bank or similar establishment; recording produced, stocked, ordered and dispatched goods; recording production
materials received, put into stock or issued; computing quantities of the
production materials required at specified dates and helping with preparation
and checking of production operation schedules; keeping records of operational
aspects and coordinating the timing of passenger and freight transport.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
431 Numerical Clerks
432 Material Recording
and Transport Clerks
Minor
Group 431
Numerical
Clerks
Numerical clerks obtain, compile and compute
accounting, bookkeeping, statistical, financial and other numerical data, and
take charge of cash transactions incidental to business matters.
Tasks performed usually include: helping with
accounting and bookkeeping records and computations; calculating unit
production costs; calculating wages and in some cases preparing wage packets
and paying wages; taking charge of cash transactions incidental to the
business; obtaining, compiling and computing statistical or actuarial data;
performing clerical tasks relating to the financial transactions of an
insurance establishment, bank or similar establishment.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
4311 Accounting and Bookkeeping
Clerks
4312 Statistical,
Finance and Insurance Clerks
4313 Payroll Clerks
4311 Accounting and Bookkeeping
Clerks
Accounting and bookkeeping clerks compute,
classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. They
perform any combination of routine calculating, posting and verifying duties to
obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records.
Tasks include –
(a)
checking figures, postings and documents for correct entry, mathematical
accuracy and proper codes;
(b)
operating computers programmed with accounting software to record, store
and analyse information;
(c)
classifying, recording and summarizing numerical and financial data to
compile and keep financial records, using journals and ledgers or computers;
(d)
calculating, preparing and issuing bills, invoices, account statements
and other financial statements according to established procedures.
(e)
compiling statistical, financial, accounting or auditing reports and
tables pertaining to such matters as cash receipts, expenditures, accounts
payable and receivable, and profits and losses.
Examples of the occupations included
here:
▪ Accounts clerk
▪ Bookkeeping clerk
▪ Cost computing clerk
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Accounting assistant – 3313
▪ Bookkeeper – 3313
4312 Statistical, Finance and Insurance
Clerks
Statistical, finance and insurance clerks
obtain, compile and compute statistical or actuarial data or perform clerical
tasks relating to the transactions of insurance establishments, banks and other
financial establishments.
Tasks include –
(a)
processing insurance enrolments, cancellations, claims transactions,
policy changes and payments;
(b)
obtaining and compiling statistical or actuarial data based on routine
or special sources of information;
(c)
calculating totals, averages, percentages and other details and
presenting them in the required tabular form;
(d)
preparing financial documents, and calculating interest or brokerage
charges and stamp duties payable;
(e)
maintaining records of bonds, shares and other securities bought or sold
on behalf of clients or employers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Actuarial clerk
▪ Brokerage clerk
▪ Finance clerk
▪ Insurance clerk
▪ Mortgage clerk
▪ Securities clerk
▪ Statistical clerk
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Stocks and shares broker – 3311
▪ Accounting assistant – 3313
▪ Statistical assistant – 3314
▪ Trade broker – 3324
▪ Accounts clerk – 4311
▪ Bookkeeping clerk – 4311
4313 Payroll Clerks
Payroll clerks collect, verify and process
payroll information and compute pay and benefit entitlements for employees
within a department, company or other establishment.
Tasks include –
(a)
maintaining records of employee attendance, leave and overtime to
calculate pay and benefit entitlements, using manual or computerized systems;
(b)
preparing and verifying statements of earnings for employees, indicating
gross and net salaries and deductions such as taxes, union dues, garnishments
and insurance and pension plans;
(c)
preparing employee payments and benefit payments by cheque or electronic
transfer;
(d)
reviewing time sheets, work charts, wage computation and other
information to detect and reconcile payroll discrepancies;
(e)
verifying attendance, hours worked and pay adjustments, and posting
information into designated records.
Example of the occupations included
here:
- Wages clerk
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Accounting assistant – 3313
▪ Bookkeeper – 3313
▪ Accounts clerk – 4311
▪ Bookkeeping clerk – 4311
Minor
Group 432
Material
Recording and Transport Clerks
Material recording and transport clerks keep
records of goods produced, purchased, stocked and dispatched, and of materials
needed at specified production dates, or keep records of operational aspects
and coordinate the timing of passenger and freight transport.
Tasks performed usually include: recording goods
produced, stocked, ordered and dispatched; recording production materials
received, put into stock or issued; computing quantities of the production
materials required at specified dates and helping with preparation and checking
of production operation schedules; keeping records of operational aspects and
coordinating the timing of passenger and freight transport.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
4321 Stock Clerks
4322 Production Clerks
4323 Transport Clerks
4321 Stock Clerks
Stock clerks maintain records of goods produced
and production materials received, weighed, issued, dispatched or put into
stock.
Tasks include –
(a)
arranging and controlling receipt and dispatch of goods and keeping
relevant records;
(b)
maintaining stock records, verifying issue of goods, estimating needs
and making requisitions of new stocks;
(c) receiving,
storing and issuing tools, spare parts or various equipment, and maintaining
relevant records;
(d)
weighing goods received or produced, or for issue or dispatch, and
maintaining relevant records;
(e)
compiling inventories of furniture and other items received for storage.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dispatch clerk (stock)
▪ Freight clerk
▪ Stock clerk
▪ Storeroom clerk
▪ Weighing clerk
4322 Production Clerks
Production clerks compute quantities of
materials required at specified dates for manufacturing, construction and
similar production programmes, and prepare and check production operation
schedules.
Tasks include –
(a)
computing quantities, qualities and types of materials required by
production programmes;
(b) preparing
production requirements schedules, ensuring that materials are available when
needed, and keeping relevant records;
(c)
preparing or assisting in the preparation of production operation
schedules on the basis of customers’ orders and production capacity and
performance;
(d)
verifying stocks, arranging deliveries and investigating delays;
(e)
recording and coordinating the flow of work and materials between
departments.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Production clerk
▪ Schedule clerk (materials)
4323 Transport Clerks
Transport clerks keep records of operational
aspects and coordinate the timing of train, road and air passenger and freight
transport, and prepare reports for management.
Tasks include –
(a)
keeping records of operational aspects and coordinating the timing of
passenger and freight transport;
(b)
directing train routings within a division or zone of a railway system
and keeping related records;
(c)
directing, controlling and keeping records of freight handling at a railway
yard;
(d)
coordinating and keeping records of operational activities concerning
road transport, such as allocation and scheduling of vehicles and drivers,
loading and unloading of vehicles, and storage of goods in transit;
(e) coordinating
and keeping records of operational activities concerning air transport of
passengers and freight, such as passenger lists and freight manifests;
(f)
preparing reports for management.
Examples of the occupations classified here:
▪ Clerical controller (transport
service)
▪ Clerical dispatcher (transport
service)
Sub-major Group 44
Other Clerical Support
Workers
Other clerical support workers sort and deliver
mail, file documents, prepare information for processing, maintain personnel records,
check material for consistency with original source material, assist persons
who cannot read or write, and perform various other specialized clerical
duties. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group
requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: recording
information regarding acquisition, issue and return of library books;
classifying and filing various documents and other records; maintaining
personnel records; sorting, recording and delivering mail from post offices, as
well as from or within an enterprise; coding; correcting proofs; performing a
range of miscellaneous clerical duties; writing on behalf of persons who are
unable to read or write.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor group:
441 Other Clerical
Support Workers
Minor Group 441
Other
Clerical Support Workers
Other clerical support workers sort and deliver
mail, file documents, prepare information for processing, maintain personnel
records, check material for consistency with original source material, assist
persons who cannot read or write, and perform various other specialized
clerical duties.
Tasks performed usually include: recording
information regarding acquisition, issue and return of library books;
classifying and filing various documents and other records; maintaining
personnel records; sorting, recording and delivering mail from post offices, as
well as from or within an enterprise; coding; correcting proofs; performing a
range of miscellaneous clerical duties; writing on behalf of persons who are
unable to read or write.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
4411 Library Clerks
4412 Mail Carriers and
Sorting Clerks
4413 Coding,
Proof-reading and Related clerks
4414 Scribes and
Related Workers
4415 Filing and
Copying Clerks
4416 Personnel Clerks
4419 Clerical Support
Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
4411 Library Clerks
Library clerks issue and receive library
materials, sort and shelve books, sound and vision recordings, periodicals,
journals, magazines and newspapers and provide general library information to
library users.
Tasks include –
(a)
issuing and receiving library books and other materials;
(b)
placing books and other library materials on shelves;
(c)
performing clerical activities such as manual and electronic filing,
word processing and occasional typing;
(d)
maintaining journal subscriptions;
(e)
assisting library users in accessing basic library materials and making
interlibrary loans;
(f)
maintaining library records relating to the acquisition, issue and
return of books and other materials.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Library clerk
▪ Library filer
4412 Mail Carriers and Sorting
Clerks
Mail carriers and sorting clerks perform
sorting, recording, delivery and other duties in connection with mail services
from post offices or related organizations, as well as from or within an
establishment.
Tasks include –
(a)
performing mail-handling duties in public post offices or privately
owned delivery establishments;
(b)
sorting and delivering mail to private houses and businesses;
(c)
providing delivery confirmation records when requested by the client;
(d)
sorting and keeping simple records of incoming and outgoing
correspondence and dispatching outgoing mail in various establishments;
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Mail clerk
▪ Post carrier
▪ Postman/woman
4413 Coding, proofreading and
related clerks
Coding, proofreading and related clerks convert
information into codes, verify and correct proofs, and perform a number of
miscellaneous clerical duties.
Tasks include –
(a)
converting information into codes and classifying information by codes
for data-processing purposes;
(b)
comparing proofs of texts and related material prepared for printing
with original material, correcting errors and marking texts for printer
according to the established rules;
(c)
sorting forms and marking them with identification numbers;
(d)
sorting documents for filing or to collate sets of pages;
(e)
addressing circulars and envelopes by hand.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Coding clerk
▪ Proofreading clerk
4414 Scribes and Related Workers
Scribes and related workers write letters and
complete forms on behalf of persons who are unable to read or write.
Tasks
include –
(a)
reading letters and other written matter to persons who are unable to
read or write and providing necessary
interpretation and information;
(b)
writing letters and completing forms on behalf of others;
(c)
offering advice to individuals and interpreting and helping with the
completion of government and other official forms.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Scribe
4415 Filing and Copying Clerks
Filing and copying clerks file correspondence,
cards, invoices, receipts and other records in alphabetical or numerical order
or according to the filing system used. They locate and remove material from
file when requested and photocopy, scan or fax documents.
Tasks include –
(a) sorting or classifying materials according to
guidelines such as content, purpose, user criteria, or chronological,
alphabetical or numerical order;
(b)
filing material in drawers, cabinets and storage boxes;
(c)
locating and remove materials from files when requested;
(d)
keeping records of materials filed and removed;
(e)
photocopying, scanning or faxing documents.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Copying clerk
▪ Filing clerk
4416 Personnel Clerks
Personnel clerks maintain and update personnel
records such as information on transfers and promotions, performance
evaluations, employee leave taken and accumulated, salaries, qualifications and
training.
Tasks include –
(a)
updating information on employment history, salaries, performance
evaluations, qualifications and training, and leave taken and accumulated;
(b)
initiating records for newly appointed workers and checking records for
completeness;
(c)
processing applications for employment and promotions and advising
applicants of results;
(d)
receiving and answering inquiries about employment entitlements and
conditions;
(e)
sending out job applications and announcements of job openings and job
examinations;
(f)
maintaining and updating manual and computerized filing and registration
systems, and compiling and preparing reports and documents relating to
personnel activities;
(g)
storing and retrieving personnel records and files on request.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Human resource assistant
▪ Human resource clerk
4419 Clerical Support Workers Not
Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers clerical support workers
not classified elsewhere in Major Group 4: Clerical Support Workers. For
instance, the group includes correspondence clerks, press clippers and
publication clerks.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a) receiving
customers’ orders for classified advertising, writing and editing copy,
calculating advertising rates and billing customers;
(b) writing business and government
correspondence such as replies to requests for information and assistance,
damage claims, credit and billing inquiries and service complaints;
(c)
assisting in the preparation of periodicals, advertisements, catalogues,
directories and other material for publication;
(d)
reading newspapers, magazines, press releases and other publications to
locate and file articles of interest to staff and clients.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Advertising clerk
▪ Correspondence clerk
▪ Directory compiler
▪ Press clipper
▪ Publication clerk
Services and sales workers provide personal and
protective services related to travel, housekeeping, catering, personal care,
protection against fire and unlawful acts; or demonstrate and sell goods in
wholesale or retail shops and similar establishments, as well as at stalls and
on markets. Competent performance in
most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill
level.
Tasks performed by services and sales workers
usually include: organizing and providing services during travel; housekeeping; preparing and serving of food
and beverages; caring for children;
providing personal and basic health care at homes or in institutions, as
well as hairdressing, beauty treatment and companionship; telling fortunes;
embalming and arranging funerals; providing security services and protecting
individuals and property against fire and unlawful acts; enforcing of law and
order; posing as models for advertising,
artistic creation and display of goods;
selling goods in wholesale or retail establishments, as well as at
stalls and on markets; and demonstrating goods to potential customers. Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this major group are classified
into the following sub-major groups:
51 Personal Services
Workers
52 Sales Workers
53 Personal Care
Workers
54 Protective Services
Workers
Sub-major Group 51
Personal Services Workers
Personal services workers provide personal
services related to travel, housekeeping, catering and hospitality,
hairdressing and beauty treatment, animal care grooming and training,
companionship and other services of a personal nature. Competent performance in most occupations in
this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: organizing and
providing services in connection with travel and sightseeing;
housekeeping; preparing and serving food
and beverages; hairdressing and beauty treatment; telling fortunes; embalming
and arranging funerals; grooming, caring for and training animals; teaching
people to drive motor vehicles; providing companionship and other personal
services. Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
511 Travel Attendants,
Conductors and Guides
512 Cooks
513 Waiters and
Bartenders
514 Hairdressers,
Beauticians and Related Workers
515 Building and
Housekeeping Supervisors
516 Other Personal
Services Workers
Minor
Group 511
Travel
Attendants, Conductors and Guides
Travel attendants, conductors and guides
provide various personal services in connection with travelling by aircraft,
train, ship, bus or other vehicle, and escorting individuals and groups on
travel tours, sightseeing visits and excursions.
Tasks performed usually include: ensuring the
comfort and safety of passengers; serving food and refreshments; providing
information and answering questions in connection with travel; collecting or
issuing tickets on board public transport; accompanying individuals or groups
on sightseeing tours or excursions and describing points of interest.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
5111 Travel Attendants
and Travel Stewards
5112 Transport
Conductors
5113 Travel Guides
5111 Travel Attendants and Travel
Stewards
Travel attendants and travel stewards ensure
the comfort and safety of passengers, serve meals and beverages and render
personal services, usually on aircraft and on board ships. They may plan and
coordinate housekeeping and social activities on ships.
Tasks include –
(a)
greeting passengers entering aircraft or ships, checking tickets or
boarding passes, and directing passengers to their seats or berths;
(b)
announcing, explaining and demonstrating safety and emergency procedures
such as the use of oxygen masks, seat belts and life jackets;
(c)
assembling and serving pre-prepared meals and beverages;
(d)
selling duty-free and other goods;
(e)
taking care of general needs and comfort of passengers, answering
inquiries, and keeping cabins clean and tidy;
(f)
directing and assisting passengers and following prescribed procedures
in the event of an emergency, such as evacuating an aircraft following an
emergency landing;
(g)
verifying that first aid kits and other emergency equipment are in
working order;
(h)
administering first aid to passengers in distress;
(i)
attending pre-flight briefings concerning weather, altitudes, routes,
emergency procedures, crew coordination, lengths of flights, food and beverage
services offered, and numbers of passengers;
(j)
preparing passengers and aircraft for take-off and landing;
(k)
determining special assistance needs of passengers such as small
children, the elderly or disabled persons.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cabin attendant
▪ Flight attendant
▪ Ship’s steward
5112 Transport Conductors
Transport conductors check and issue tickets
and ensure the safety and comfort of passengers on trains, trams, buses and
other public transport vehicles.
Tasks include –
(a)
collecting and issuing tickets, passes or fares, and checking the
validity of tickets issued previously;
(b)
attending to sleeping-cars and their occupants on passenger trains;
(c)
providing assistance with boarding, seating and luggage as required,
especially to elderly, sick or injured people;
(d)
opening and closing doors for passengers;
(e)
performing equipment safety checks prior to departure;
(f)
signalling to drivers to stop or proceed;
(g)
greeting passengers boarding transportation equipment, and announcing
routes and stops.
(h)
ensuring that safety regulations are respected;
(i) responding to passengers’ requests and
complaints and providing information about stops and connections;
(j) taking appropriate action in case of
emergencies or accidents.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bus conductor
▪ Cable car conductor
▪ Ticket inspector (public
transport)
▪ Train conductor
▪ Tram conductor
5113 Travel Guides
Travel guides accompany individuals or groups
on trips, sightseeing tours and excursions and on tours of places of interest
such as historical sites, industrial establishments and theme parks. They
describe points of interest and provide background information on interesting
features.
Tasks include –
(a)
escorting and guiding tourists on cruises and sightseeing tours;
(b)
escorting visitors through places of interest such as museums,
exhibitions, theme parks, factories and other industrial establishments;
(c)
describing and providing information on points of interest and exhibits
and responding to questions;
(d)
conducting educational activities for schoolchildren;
(e)
monitoring visitors’ activities to ensure compliance with establishment
or tour regulations and safety practices;
(f)
greeting and registering visitors and tour participants, and issuing any
required identification badges or safety devices;
(g)
distributing brochures, showing audiovisual presentations, and
explaining procedures and operations at tour sites;
(h)
providing for physical safety of groups, and performing activities such
as providing first aid and directing emergency evacuations;
(i)
resolving any problems with tour itineraries, service or accommodation.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Art gallery guide
▪ Tour escort
▪ Tourist guide
Minor
Group 512
Cooks
Cooks plan, organize, prepare and cook meals,
according to recipes or under the supervision of chefs, in hotels, restaurants
and other eating places, on board ships, on passenger trains and in private
households.
Tasks performed usually include: planning meals;
preparing and cooking foodstuffs; planning, supervising and coordinating the
work of kitchen helpers; checking the quality of food; weighing, measuring and
mixing ingredients according to recipes and personal judgement; regulating the
temperature of ovens, grills, roasters and other cooking equipment; inspecting
and cleaning the kitchen, kitchen equipment, serving areas, etc. to ensure safe
and sanitary food handling practices; and operating large-volume cooking
equipment such as grills, deep-fat fryers, or griddles.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
5120 Cooks
5120 Cooks
Cooks plan, organize, prepare and cook meals,
according to recipes or under the supervision of chefs, in hotels, restaurants
and other eating places, on board ships, on passenger trains and in private
households.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning meals, preparing and cooking foodstuffs;
(b)
planning, supervising and coordinating the work of kitchen helpers;
(c)
checking the quality of food;
(d)
weighing, measuring and mixing ingredients according to recipes and
personal judgement;
(e)
regulating the temperature of ovens, grills, roasters and other cooking
equipment; inspecting and cleaning the kitchen, kitchen equipment and serving
areas to ensure safe and sanitary food handling practices;
(f)
operating large-volume cooking equipment such as grills, deep-fat
fryers, or griddles.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Cook
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Café manager – 1412
▪ Restaurant manager – 1412
▪ Chef – 3434
▪ Fast food preparer – 9411
Notes
Operators of small cafés, restaurants and bars for
whom the management and supervision of staff is not a significant component of
the work are classified in Unit Groups 5120: Cooks, 5131: Waiters or 5132:
Bartenders, depending on the main tasks performed.
Minor
Group 513
Waiters
and Bartenders
Waiters and bartenders serve food and beverages
in commercial dining and drinking places, clubs, institutions and canteens, on
board ships and on passenger trains.
Tasks performed usually include: assisting in
keeping the bar properly stocked; washing used glassware and cleaning the bar
area; serving alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks at a bar; setting tables with
clean linen, cutlery, crockery and glassware; serving food and beverages;
advising on the choice of wines and serving them; taking orders for food and/or
drinks and passing the orders to the kitchen; presenting bills and accepting
payment.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
5131 Waiters
5132 Bartenders
5131 Waiters
Waiters serve food and beverages at tables in
dining and drinking places, clubs, institutions and canteens, on board ships
and on passenger trains.
Tasks include –
(a)
setting tables with clean linen, cutlery, crockery and glassware;
(b)
greeting customers and presenting them with menus and beverage lists;
(c)
advising on food and beverage choices;
(d)
taking orders for food and drinks and passing orders to kitchen or bar
staff;
(e)
serving food and beverages to clients at tables;
(f)
clearing tables and returning dishes and cutlery to the kitchen;
(g)
presenting bills, accepting payment and operating point-of-sales
machines and cash registers.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
- Sommelier
- Waiter
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Café manager – 1412
▪ Restaurant manager – 1412
▪ Bartender – 5132
Notes
Operators of small cafés, restaurants and bars for
whom the management and supervision of staff is not a significant component of
the work are classified in Unit Groups 5120: Cooks, 5131: Waiters or 5132:
Bartenders, depending on the main tasks performed.
5132 Bartenders
Bartenders prepare, mix and serve alcoholic and
non-alcoholic drinks directly to customers over a bar or counter, or through waiters.
Tasks include –
(a)
taking beverage orders from serving staff or directly from patrons;
(b)
preparing and serving alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks at a bar;
(c)
washing used glassware, cleaning and maintaining bar service areas, tea-
and coffee-making areas and equipment such as espresso machines;
(d)
collecting payment for sales, operating cash registers and balancing
cash receipts;
(e)
tapping kegs and attaching supply lines;
(f)
assisting in keeping the bar properly stocked and arranging bottles and
glasses;
(g)
checking identification of customers to verify age requirements for
purchase of alcohol;
(h)
taking steps to limit problems related to excessive drinking, such as
persuading customers to stop drinking, declining further service or ordering
transportation;
(i)
mixing ingredients to prepare cocktails and other drinks;
(j)
serving snacks or other food items to customers at the bar.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bartender
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Café manager – 1412
▪ Restaurant manager – 1412
▪ Waiter – 5131
Notes
Operators of small cafés, restaurants and bars for
whom the management and supervision of staff is not a significant component of
the work are classified in Unit Groups 5120: Cooks, 5131: Waiters or 5132:
Bartenders, depending on the main tasks performed.
Minor
Group 514
Hairdressers, Beauticians and Related Workers
Hairdressers, beauticians and related workers
cut and dress hair, shave and trim beards, give beauty treatments, apply
cosmetics and make-up and give other kinds of treatment to individuals in order
to improve their appearance.
Tasks performed usually include: discussing
customers’ requirements; cutting and dressing hair; shaving and trimming
beards; giving beauty treatments; applying cosmetics and make-up; shaping and
polishing finger- and toenails and treating minor ailments of the human foot;
attending clients taking baths and administering elementary massage.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
5141 Hairdressers
5142 Beauticians and
Related Workers
5141 Hairdressers
Hairdressers cut, style, colour, straighten and
permanently wave hair, shave or trim facial hair and treat scalp conditions.
Tasks include –
(a)
cutting, washing, tinting and waving hair;
(b)
shaving or trimming beards and moustaches;
(c)
giving scalp treatments;
(d)
fitting wigs according to customers’ requirements;
(e)
providing advice on hair care, beauty products and hairstyles;
(f)
styling hair into dreadlocks and braids and adding hair extensions;
(g)
arranging appointments and collecting payments;
(h)
cleaning work areas and sanitizing instruments.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Barber
▪ Hair care specialist
▪ Hairdresser
▪ Hairstylist
5142 Beauticians and Related Workers
Beauticians and related workers give facial and
body beauty treatments, apply cosmetics and make-up and give other kinds of
treatment to individuals in order to improve their appearance.
Tasks include –
(a)
cleaning and applying creams, lotions and related products to face and other
parts of the body;
(b)
giving facial and body massage;
(c)
applying make-up to clients of a beauty parlour or to actors and other
performers;
(d)
cleaning, shaping and polishing finger- and toenails and treating
ailments of the human foot such as corns, calluses or deformed toenails;
(e)
attending to clients taking baths and administering elementary massage;
(f)
using waxing, sugaring and depilation techniques to remove unwanted
bodily hair;
(g)
advising clients on diet and exercise to assist in weight loss and
slimming;
(h)
arranging appointments and collecting payments.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bath attendant
▪ Beautician
▪ Make-up artist
▪ Manicurist
▪ Pedicurist
▪ Slimming consultant
Minor
Group 515
Building
and Housekeeping Supervisors
Building and housekeeping supervisors
coordinate, schedule and supervise the work of cleaners and other housekeeping
staff in commercial, industrial and residential premises. They take
responsibility for housekeeping and caretaking functions in hotels, offices,
apartments, houses and private dwellings.
Tasks performed usually include: assigning
tasks and inspecting building areas to see that cleaning, housekeeping and
maintenance work has been done properly; issuing of supplies and equipment and
inventory stocks to ensure that the supplies on hand are adequate; screening
and hiring job applicants; training both new and experienced employees;
recommending promotions, transfers or dismissals; performing some cleaning,
housekeeping and maintenance tasks.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
5151 Cleaning and
Housekeeping Supervisors in Offices, Hotels and Other Establishments
5152 Domestic
Housekeepers
5153 Building
Caretakers
5151 Cleaning and Housekeeping
Supervisors in Offices, Hotels and Other Establishments
Cleaning and housekeeping supervisors in
offices, hotels and other establishments organize, supervise and carry out
housekeeping functions in order to keep clean and tidy the interiors, fixtures
and facilities in these establishments.
Tasks include –
(a)
engaging, training, discharging, organizing and supervising helpers,
cleaners and other housekeeping staff;
(b)
purchasing or controlling the purchase of supplies;
(c)
controlling storage and issue of supplies;
(d)
supervising general welfare and conduct of individuals in institutions;
(e)
sweeping or vacuum-cleaning, washing and polishing floors, furniture and
other fixtures;
(f)
making beds, cleaning bathrooms, supplying towels, soap and related
items;
(g)
cleaning kitchens and generally helping with kitchen work, including
dishwashing;
(h)
restocking mini-bars and replenishing items such as drinking glasses and
writing equipment.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Housekeeper (hotel)
▪ Matron (housekeeping)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Hotel manager – 1411
▪ Bed and breakfast operator – 5152
▪ Domestic housekeeper – 5152
▪ Building caretaker – 5153
▪ Domestic cleaner – 9111
5152 Domestic Housekeepers
Domestic housekeepers organize, supervise and
carry out housekeeping functions in private households and small accommodation
establishments with or without the support of subordinate staff.
Tasks include –
(a)
supervising workers employed in households as domestic staff;
(b)
purchasing or controlling the purchase of supplies;
(c)
controlling storage and issue of supplies;
(d)
assisting in cases of minor injury or illness by performing tasks such
as taking temperature, giving medicine, putting on bandages;
(e)
sweeping or vacuum-cleaning, washing and polishing floors, furniture and
other fixtures.
(f)
making beds, cleaning bathrooms, supplying towels, soap and related
items;
(g)
taking care of household pets and plants, receiving visitors, answering
telephones, delivering messages and shopping for groceries;
(h)
preparing and cooking meals, setting and clearing tables and serving
food and beverages;
(i)
cleaning kitchens and generally helping with kitchen work, including
dishwashing.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bed and breakfast operator
▪ Domestic housekeeper
▪ Butler
Some
related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Hotel manager – 1411
▪ Domestic helper – 9111
Note
Operators of small accommodation establishments,
such as some bed and breakfast establishments and small guest houses that
provide accommodation and limited meal services to clients effectively as
paying guests in private households, and for whom the management and
supervision of staff is not a significant component of the work, are classified
in Unit Group 5152: Domestic Housekeepers.
5153 Building Caretakers
Building caretakers take care of apartment
houses, hotels, offices, churches and other buildings and maintain them and
associated grounds in a clean and orderly condition. They may supervise other
workers and contractors depending on the size and nature of the building
concerned.
Tasks include –
(a)
supervising the work of cleaning, housekeeping and building maintenance
staff and contractors;
(b)
participating in cleaning, simple repairs and maintenance of building
interiors;
(c)
tending furnaces and boilers to ensure provision of heat and hot water;
(d)
regulating conduct of tenants and visitors in such matters as noise
abatement or misuse of property;
(e)
providing small services to absent tenants such as accepting deliveries
on their behalf or providing requested information to callers;
(f)
notifying management and owners of buildings of the need for major
repairs;
(g)
patrolling buildings to ensure security is maintained;
(h)
filling out registration forms and providing tenants with copies of
rules.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Caretaker
▪ Concierge (building)
▪ Janitor
▪ Sexton
Minor
Group 516
Other
Personal Services Workers
Other personal services workers recount past
and predict future events in persons’ lives, provide companionship and other
personal services, groom, train and care for animals, provide embalming and
funeral services and train people to drive vehicles.
Tasks performed usually include: casting
horoscopes; providing companionship or valet services and other personal
services to clients; providing embalming and funeral services; feeding,
handling, training and grooming animals; instructing students under actual
driving conditions.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
5161 Astrologers,
Fortune-tellers and Related Workers
5162 Companions and
Valets
5163 Undertakers and
Embalmers
5164 Pet Groomers and
Animal Care Workers
5165 Driving
Instructors
5169 Personal Services
Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
5161 Astrologers, Fortune-tellers
and Related Workers
Astrologers, fortune-tellers and related
workers recount past and predict future events in persons’ lives by practicing
astrology, on the basis of characteristics of the clients’ palms, samples of
playing cards drawn or other techniques.
Tasks include –
(a)
casting horoscopes of individuals at birth or later to recount past and
forecast future events and conditions of their lives;
(b)
interpreting characteristics of clients’ palms, samples of playing
cards, position of tea leaves or coffee remnants in a cup, shapes and patterns
of bones of dead animals, etc.;
(c)
forecasting future events on the basis of these interpretations;
(d)
determining auspicious times for various human activities such as
inaugurations, marriages, journeys and religious and other ceremonies;
(e) giving warnings and advice on possible
courses of action;
(f)
advising individuals on precautions to be taken to avoid evil
influences.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Astrologer
▪ Fortune-teller
▪ Numerologist
▪ Palmist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Witch doctor – 3230
▪ Faith healer – 3413
5162 Companions and Valets
Companions and valets provide companionship and
attend to various needs of the client or employer.
Tasks include –
(a)
providing companionship to the employer by accompanying him/her to
various places, reading, conversing and participating in activities such as
sports;
(b)
assisting in entertaining visitors in the employer’s home;
(c)
keeping wardrobe and personal effects of the employer in good order.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Companion
▪ Personal maid
▪ Valet
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Butler – 5152
▪ Dancing partner – 5169
▪ Social escort – 5169
5163 Undertakers and Embalmers
Undertakers and embalmers arrange funerals and
perform various tasks in the disposal of human remains.
Tasks include –
(a)
making arrangements for and conducting funerals, cremations and burials;
(b)
embalming human remains to retard or arrest the process of decay;
(c)
conforming to health and sanitation and ensuring that legal requirements
concerning embalming are met;
(d)
incising and closing incisions on various parts of the body and
reshaping or reconstructing disfigured or maimed human remains when necessary;
(e)
dressing human bodies and placing them in caskets;
(f)
conducting interviews to arrange for preparation of obituary notices, to
assist with the selection of caskets or urns, and to determine the location and
time of burials or cremations.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Embalmer
▪ Undertaker
5164 Pet Groomers and Animal Care
Workers
Pet groomers and animal care workers feed,
handle, train and groom animals and assist veterinarians, animal health
technologists and technicians in veterinary facilities, animal shelters,
breeding and boarding kennels, zoos, laboratories, retail pet shops, riding
schools, dog training schools, pet grooming and similar establishments.
Tasks include –
(a)
bathing and feeding animals;
(b)
leading or carrying animals to treatment rooms and holding them during
treatment;
(c)
cleaning and sterilizing veterinary surgical instruments;
(d)
labelling drugs, chemicals and other pharmaceutical preparations and
replenishing stock;
(e)
sterilizing bottles, beakers and other equipment;
(f)
cleaning, organizing and disinfecting animal quarters such as pens,
stables, cages and yards, and animal equipment such as saddles and bridles;
(g)
collecting and recording animal information such as weight, size,
physical condition, treatments received, medications given and food intake;
(h)
training animals to develop and maintain desired behaviours for
competition, entertainment, obedience, security, riding and other activities;
(i)
grooming animals by performing tasks such as washing, brushing, clipping
and trimming coats, cutting nails and cleaning ears.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Animal attendant
▪ Dog trainer
▪ Horse breaker
▪ Veterinary aide
▪ Zoo keeper
5165 Driving Instructors
Driving instructors teach people how to drive
motor vehicles.
Tasks include –
(a)
instructing students under actual driving conditions, and explaining and
demonstrating the operation of brakes, clutch, gear selection, automatic
transmission, signals and lights;
(b)
teaching road traffic regulations;
(c)
teaching road craft and road safety;
(d)
advising students when they are ready to undergo driving examination;
(e)
advising on and teaching advanced driving techniques required for
emergency situations;
(f)
illustrating and explaining handling and mechanical operation of motor
vehicles and driving techniques, using blackboard diagrams and audiovisual
aids.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Driving instructor
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Flying instructor – 3153
5169 Personal Services Workers
Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers personal service workers
not classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 51: Personal Services Workers. For
instance, those who provide services and companionship as dancing partners,
social escorts and night-club hostesses or hosts are classified here.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
accompanying clients to restaurants and other outings;
(b)
acting as a dancing partner;
(c)
welcoming clients to a night-club and ensuring that they are entertained
well.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Club host
▪ Club hostess
▪ Dancing partner
▪ Social escort
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Companion – 5162
Note
Countries that have a requirement to compile
statistics on those who provide sexual services to clients on a commercial
basis should include them in Unit Group 5169: Personal Services Workers Not Elsewhere
Classified. If there is a need, in national adaptations of ISCO-08, to identify
this group separately from other occupations included in Unit Group 5169, use
of Unit Group code 5168 is recommended for this purpose.
Sub-major Group 52
Sales Workers
Sales workers sell and demonstrate goods in
wholesale or retail shops, at stalls and markets, door-to-door, via telephone
or customer contact centres. They may record and accept payment for goods and
services purchased, and may operate small retail outlets. Competent performance
in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO
skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: selling goods in wholesale or retail establishments, at
street or market stalls, door-to-door, via telephone or customer contact
centres; demonstrating and displaying goods to potential customers; selling and
serving food for immediate consumption at counters and in the street; buying or
contracting a regular supply of products to be sold; stacking and displaying
goods for sale and wrapping or packing goods sold; determining product mix,
stock and price levels for goods to be sold; operating cash registers, optical
price scanners, computers or other equipment to record and accept payment for
the purchase of goods and services.
Supervision of other workers may be required in some occupations
classified here.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
521 Street and Market Salespersons
522 Shop Salespersons
523 Cashiers and
Ticket Clerks
524 Other Sales
Workers
Note
Shop managers and sales managers are classified in
Major Group 1: Managers. Technical,
medical and information and communications technology sales professionals are
classified in Major Group 2: Professionals. Commercial sales and insurance
representatives, finance and trade brokers, are classified in Major Group 3:
Technicians and Associate Professionals. Street vendors (excluding food) are
classified in Major Group 9: Elementary Occupations.
Minor
Group 521
Street
and Market Salespersons
Street and market salespersons sell goods from
stalls on markets or in streets and prepare and sell hot or cold foods and
beverages ready for immediate consumption in streets and public places.
Tasks performed usually include: obtaining
permission to set up a stand at a particular place in streets, markets or other
open spaces or to sell food and drinks on the street; buying or contracting a
regular supply of products to be sold; erecting and dismantling stalls and
stands; transporting, storing, loading and unloading products for sale;
stacking, displaying and selling goods, food and drinks and accepting payment;
wrapping and packing goods sold;
preparing food and drinks for sale; pushing, pedalling or carrying
handcarts, trucks, trays or baskets to bring food and drinks to the desired
place in the street, or to public places such as stations or cinemas; keeping accounts and maintaining a record of
stock levels.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
5211 Stall and Market
Salespersons
5212 Street Food
Salespersons
Nots
Vendors in streets and public places of non-food
items (or of pre-packaged non-perishable food items such as confectionery) from
pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in Minor Group 952: Street Vendors
(excluding Food).
5211 Stall and Market
salespersons
Stall and market salespersons sell various
goods from stalls on open-air or covered markets or from stalls in streets or
other open spaces.
Tasks include –
(a)
obtaining permission to set up a stand at a particular place in streets,
markets or other open spaces;
(b)
determining product mix, stock and price levels for goods to be sold;
(c)
buying or contracting a regular supply of goods to be sold from
wholesale suppliers or directly from producers;
(d)
erecting and dismantling stalls and stands, and transporting, storing,
loading and unloading goods for sale;
(e)
demonstrating and selling goods and accepting payment;
(f)
stacking and displaying goods for sale, and wrapping and packing goods
sold;
(g)
keeping accounts and maintaining a record of stock levels.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Kiosk salesperson
▪ Market stallholder
▪ Market vendor
▪ Street stall sales assistant
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Street food vendor – 5212
▪ Shopkeeper – 5221
▪ Shop sales assistant – 5223
▪ Food service counter attendant –
5246
▪ Street vendor (excluding food) –
9520
Notes
Vendors from street and market stalls of fresh food
products not intended for immediate consumption (such as fruit, vegetables,
meat and dairy products) are classified in Unit Group 5211: Stall and Market Salespersons.
Vendors from street and market stalls of a variety of prepared meals and food
items for immediate consumption are classified in Unit Group 5246: Food Service
Counter Attendants. Vendors in streets
and public places of food and beverages for immediate consumption from
pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in Unit Group 5212: Street Food
Salespersons. Vendors in streets and
public places of non-food items (or of pre-packaged non-perishable food items
such as confectionery) from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified
in Unit Group 9520: Street Vendors (excluding Food). Workers who prepare simple food items for
immediate consumption, such as hamburger cooks, but have limited direct contact
with clients, are classified in Unit Group 9411: Fast Food Preparers.
If adapting these categories to national
circumstances please note that the aim of separately identifying vendors of
food items for immediate consumption is to ensure that jobs that require skills
in service, basic preparation and hygienic handling of food are visible. Food
service counter attendants generally serve a wider range of more elaborate
products and meals than street food salespersons and do not generally transport
food using, or sell food from, equipment such as handcarts, bicycles or
baskets.
5212 Street Food Salespersons
Street food salespersons prepare and sell, or
sell previously prepared hot or cold foods and beverages ready for immediate
consumption in streets and public places such as stations, cinemas or theatres.
Tasks include –
(a) obtaining
permission or a licence, where required, to sell food and drinks on the street
or in a public place;
(b)
obtaining food and drinks for sale;
(c)
preparing, either beforehand or on the spot, food and drinks for sale;
(d)
loading and unloading, pushing, pedalling or carrying handcarts, trucks,
trays or baskets to bring food and drinks to the desired place in the street,
or to public places such as stations or cinemas;
(e)
displaying and selling food and drinks and accepting payment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Hawker (food)
▪ Street food vendor
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Cook – 5120
▪ Food service counter attendant – 5246
▪ Fast food preparer – 9411
▪ Street vendor (excluding food) – 9520
Notes
Vendors from street and market stalls of fresh food
products not intended for immediate consumption (such as fruit, vegetables,
meat and dairy products) are classified in Unit Group 5211: Stall and Market Salespersons. Vendors from street and market stalls of a
variety of prepared meals and food items for immediate consumption are
classified in Unit Group 5246: Food Service Counter Attendants. Vendors in streets and public places of food
and beverages for immediate consumption from pushcarts, trucks, trays or
baskets are classified in Unit Group 5212: Street Food Salespersons. Vendors in streets and public places of
non-food items (or of pre-packaged non-perishable food items such as confectionery)
from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in Unit Group 9520:
Street Vendors (excluding Food). Workers
who prepare simple food items for immediate consumption, such as hamburger
cooks, but have limited direct contact with clients, are classified in Unit Group
9411: Fast Food Preparers.
If adapting these categories to national
circumstances please note that the aim of separately identifying vendors of
food items for immediate consumption is to ensure that jobs that require skills
in service, basic preparation and hygienic handling of food are
identified. Food service counter
attendants generally serve a wider range of more elaborate products and meals
than street food salespersons and do not generally transport food using, or
sell food from, equipment such as handcarts, bicycles or baskets.
Minor
Group 522
Shop Salespersons
Shop salespersons sell a range of goods and services directly to the
public or on behalf of retail and wholesale establishments. They explain the functions
and qualities of these goods and services, and may operate small shops or
supervise the activities of shop sales assistants and cashiers.
Tasks performed usually include: determining
customer requirements and advising on product range, price, delivery,
warranties and product use and care; demonstrating, explaining and selling
goods and services to customers; accepting payment for good and services by a
variety of payment methods, and preparing sales invoices; undertaking or
assisting with the ongoing management of stock such as product inventories, and
participating in stock takes; stacking and displaying goods for sale, and
wrapping and packing goods sold; determining product mix, stock and price levels for goods to be sold;
supervising and coordinating the activities of shop sales assistants, checkout
operators and other workers in supermarkets and department stores.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
5221 Shopkeepers
5222 Shop Supervisors
5223 Shop Sales
Assistants
5221 Shopkeepers
Shopkeepers operate small retail shops either
independently or with support from a small number of others.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining product mix, stock and price levels for goods to be sold;
(b)
purchasing and ordering goods for sale from markets, wholesalers and
other suppliers;
(c)
budgeting and maintaining records of stock levels and financial
transactions;
(d)
determining prices and displaying goods for sale;
(e)
selling goods to customers and advising them on product use;
(f)
examining returned goods and deciding on appropriate action;
(g)
taking inventory of goods in stock.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Grocer
▪ Newsagent
▪ Shopkeeper
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Shop manager – 1420
▪ Market stallholder – 5211
Note
Only operators of small shops for whom the
management and supervision of staff are not a significant component of the work
are classified in Unit Group 5221: Shopkeepers. Operators of shops where
management tasks and supervision of staff are significant and frequent elements
of the work are classified in Unit Group 1420: Retail and Wholesale Trade Managers.
Staff who control and direct the activities of shop sales assistants, checkout
operators and other workers, but who do not take responsibility for determining
product mix, overall setting of prices, budgets, staffing levels, selection and
recruitment are classified in Unit Group 5222: Shop Supervisors.
5222 Shop Supervisors
Shop supervisors supervise and coordinate the
activities of shop sales assistants, checkout operators and other workers in
retail and wholesale shops such as supermarkets and department stores.
Tasks include –
(a)
planning and preparing work schedules and assigning staff to specific
duties;
(b)
instructing staff on sales procedures, including how to handle difficult
or complex cases;
(c)
ensuring that customers receive prompt service;
(d)
participating in and providing advice to managers on interviewing,
hiring, training, evaluating, promoting and dismissing staff, and resolving
staff grievances;
(e)
examining returned goods and deciding on appropriate action;
(f)
taking inventory of goods for sale and ordering new stock;
(g)
ensuring that goods and services are correctly priced and displayed;
(h)
ensuring that safety procedures are enforced.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Checkout supervisor
▪ Supermarket supervisor
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Shop manager – 1420
▪ Street stall salesperson – 5211
▪ Shopkeeper – 5221
Note
Operators of small shops for whom the management and
supervision of staff are not a significant component of the work are classified
in Unit Group 5221: Shopkeepers. Shop
managers who, in addition to supervision of staff, perform management tasks
such as determining product mix, overall setting of prices, budgeting and
making decisions on staff levels, selection and recruitment are classified in
Unit Group 1420: Retail and Wholesale Trade Managers.
5223 Shop Sales Assistants
Shop sales assistants sell a range of goods and
services directly to the public or on behalf of retail and wholesale
establishments, and explain the functions and qualities of these goods and
services.
Tasks include –
(a)
determining customer requirements and advising on product range, price,
delivery, warranties and product use and care;
(b)
demonstrating and explaining to customers the establishment’s goods and
services;
(c)
selling goods and services, accepting payment by a variety of payment
methods, preparing sales invoices and recording sales using cash registers;
(d)
assisting with the ongoing management of stock such as product
inventories, and participating in stock takes;
(e)
stacking and displaying goods for sale, and wrapping and packing goods
sold.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Salesperson (retail establishment)
▪ Salesperson (wholesale
establishment)
▪ Shop assistant
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Shop manager – 1420
▪ Kiosk salesperson – 5211
▪ Market salesperson – 5211
▪ Street stall salesperson – 5211
▪ Street food vendor – 5212
▪ Shopkeeper – 5221
▪ Checkout operator – 5230
▪ Food service counter attendant –
5246
Minor
Group 523
Cashiers
and Ticket Clerks
Cashiers and ticket clerks operate cash
registers, optical price scanners, computers or other equipment to record and
accept payment for the purchase of goods, services and admissions in settings
such as stores, restaurants and ticket offices.
Tasks performed usually include: receiving and
verifying payment by cash, cheque, credit card or automatic debit in stores,
ticket offices or similar establishments; giving change and issuing receipts;
issuing tickets at ticket offices and taking corresponding payments; counting
and recording money received or paid out and balancing against cash register
sales records; receiving incoming cash, checking it against sales slips and
other documents, and preparing it for deposit at bank; operating cash registers
to calculate totals to be paid from or to clients; scanning, weighing and
recording prices of goods; wrapping and placing merchandise in bags.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
5230 Cashiers and
Ticket Clerks
5230 Cashiers and Ticket Clerks
Cashiers and ticket clerks operate cash
registers, optical price scanners, computers or other equipment to record and
accept payment for the purchase of goods, services and admissions in settings
such as stores, restaurants and ticket offices.
Tasks include –
(a)
receiving and verifying payment by cash, cheque, credit card or
automatic debit in stores, ticket offices or similar establishments;
(b)
giving change and issuing receipts;
(c)
issuing tickets for attendance at sporting and cultural events;
(d)
counting and recording money received or paid out and balancing against
cash register sales records;
(e)
receiving incoming cash, checking it against sales slips and other
documents, and preparing it for deposit at a financial institution
(f)
operating cash registers to calculate totals to be paid from or to
clients;
(g)
scanning, weighing and recording prices of goods;
(h)
wrapping and placing merchandise in bags.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Checkout operator
▪ Service station cashier
▪ Service station console operator
▪ Store cashier
▪ Ticket issuing clerk
(entertainment and sporting events)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Ticket issuing clerk (travel) –
4221
▪ Checkout supervisor – 5222
▪ Shop sales assistant – 5223
▪ Service station attendant – 5245
Minor
Group 524
Other
Sales Workers
Other sales workers display, demonstrate,
display and sell goods, food and services, usually to the general public, in
contexts other than sales in markets, streets and shops. This group includes sales workers not
classified in Minor Groups 521: Street and Market Salespersons, 522: Shop Salespersons
and 523: Cashiers and Ticket Clerks.
Tasks performed may include: displaying and
demonstrating items for sale; posing for photographs, film and video,
advertising, still photography or for artistic creation; answering questions
and offering advice on the use of goods and services; taking orders and making
arrangements for payment, delivery and collection of goods or for provision of
services; selling goods and services and soliciting business by approaching potential
customers by going from door to door or using the telephone or other electronic
communications media; selling fuel, lubricants and other automotive products at
service stations; providing services such as fuelling, cleaning, lubricating
and performing minor repairs to motor vehicles.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
5241 Fashion and Other
Models
5242 Sales
Demonstrators
5243 Door-to-door
Salespersons
5244 Contact Centre Salespersons
5245 Service Station
Attendants
5246 Food Service
Counter Attendants
5249 Sales Workers Not
Elsewhere Classified
Note
Sales managers are classified in Minor Group 122:
Sales, Marketing and Development Managers. Technical, medical and ICT sales
professionals are classified in Minor Group 243, Sales, Marketing and Public Relations
Professionals. Commercial sales and insurance representatives are classified in
Minor Group 332: Sales and Purchasing Agents and Brokers.
5241 Fashion and Other Models
Fashion and other models wear and display
clothing and accessories and pose for photographs, film and video, advertising,
still photography or for artistic creation.
Tasks include –
(a) dressing
in sample apparel of new or current styles or of type wanted by customer;
(b)
walking, turning and posing to demonstrate, to best advantage, style and
characteristics of garments, fashion accessories and other merchandise;
(c)
posing as subject for sculpture, painting and other types of visual art;
(d)
posing for still photography for magazines and other advertising media;
(e)
posing for television, video and cinema commercials and other
productions.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Advertising model
▪ Artist’s model
▪ Fashion model
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Actor – 2655
5242 Sales Demonstrators
Sales demonstrators demonstrate goods at
commercial premises, exhibitions and private homes.
Tasks include –
(a)
setting up displays and demonstrating articles for sale to inform
customers about their characteristics and mode of use, as well as to stimulate
buying interest;
(b)
answering questions and offering advice on the use of goods;
(c)
selling goods or directing customers to sales staff;
(d)
taking orders and making arrangements for payment, delivery and
collection of goods;
(e)
offering sample goods and distributing catalogues and advertising
material.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Demonstrator
▪ Sales merchandiser
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Market salesperson – 5211
▪ Street stall salesperson – 5211
▪ Door-to-door salesperson – 5243
5243 Door-to-door salespersons
Door-to-door salespersons describe, demonstrate
and sell goods and services and solicit business for establishments by
approaching or visiting potential customers, usually residents in private
homes, by going from door to door.
Tasks include –
(a)
giving details of various goods or services and of terms of sale by
visiting clients and potential clients in private homes;
(b)
demonstrating or describing goods or services on offer;
(c)
recording orders and transactions and placing orders received with
suppliers;
(d)
preparing invoices and sales contracts and accepting payment;
(e)
distributing letters, information sheets and other documents to clients;
(f)
compiling lists of prospective clients and calling on them to obtain new
business;
(g)
travelling between sales areas and clients and transporting samples or
goods for sale.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Door-to-door salesperson
▪ Door-to-door sales representative
▪ Party plan salesperson
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Commercial sales representative –
3322
▪ Street vendor – 9520
5244 Contact Centre Salespersons
Contact centre salespersons contact existing
and prospective customers, using the telephone or other electronic
communications media, to promote goods and services, obtain sales and arrange
sales visits. They may work from a customer contact centre or from non-centralized
premises.
Tasks include –
(a)
promoting goods and services by telephone or electronic mail, following
scripts and working from lists of contacts;
(b)
creating interest in goods and services, and seeking a sale or an agreement
to see sales representatives;
(c)
arranging processing and dispatch of goods and services, information
kits and brochures to customers;
(d)
arranging appointments for sales representatives;
(e)
recording notes for follow-up action and updating marketing databases to
reflect changes to the status of each customer;
(f)
reporting competitor activities and issues raised by contacts for
attention by managers;
(g)
maintaining statistics of calls made and successes achieved;
(h)
submitting periodic reports on telemarketing activities and results.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Call centre salesperson
▪ Customer contact centre
salesperson
▪ Internet salesperson
▪ Telemarketer
▪ Telemarketing salesperson
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Contact centre information clerk –
4222
5245 Service Station Attendants
Service station attendants sell fuel,
lubricants and other automotive products and provide services such as fuelling,
cleaning, lubricating and performing minor repairs to motor vehicles.
Tasks include –
(a)
filling fuel tanks and containers to level specified by customer;
(b)
checking and replenishing air pressure in vehicle tyres, oil and other
vehicle fluid levels;
(c)
washing vehicle windscreens and windows;
(d)
performing minor repair work to vehicles such as replacing tyres, light
bulbs and windscreen wiper blades;
(e)
maintaining and operating automatic car wash facilities;
(f)
collecting payments from customers for purchases;
(g)
cleaning petrol pumps and surrounding driveways, shops and facilities;
(h)
undertaking stock control and preparing reports on fuel, oil,
accessories and other items sold.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Marina attendant
▪ Service station attendant
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Shop sales assistant – 5223
▪ Service station cashier – 5230
▪ Food service counter attendant –
5246
Note
Workers who accept payment or sell goods in shops at
service stations but do not provide forecourt services such as assistance with
fuel, lubricants, cleaning and maintenance are excluded from Unit Group 5245:
Service Station Attendants.
5246 Food Service Counter Attendants
Food service counter attendants serve customers
at food counters and finish preparation of simple food items in restaurants,
cafés, hotels, fast food outlets, cafeterias, hospitals and other settings.
Tasks include –
(a)
serving food to customers at counters;
(b)
ascertaining the products desired by customers, assisting them in making
choices and taking orders;
(c)
cleaning, peeling, slicing and trimming foodstuffs, using manual and
electric appliances;
(d)
preparing simple food items and reheating prepared meals;
(e)
portioning and wrapping food or placing it directly on plates for
service to patrons;
(f)
packaging takeaway food;
(g)
stocking refrigerators, salad and buffet bars and keeping records of the
quantities of food used;
(h)
receiving payment for food items purchased.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cafeteria counter attendant
▪ Salad bar attendant
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Cook – 5120
▪ Waiter – 5131
▪ Bartender – 5132
▪ Kiosk salesperson – 5211
▪ Market salesperson – 5211
▪ Street stall salesperson – 5211
▪ Fast food preparer – 9411
Notes
Vendors from street and market stalls of fresh food
products not intended for immediate consumption (such as fruit, vegetables,
meat and dairy products) are classified in Unit Group 5211: Stall and Market Salespersons. Vendors from street and market stalls of a
variety of prepared meals and food items for immediate consumption are
classified in Unit Group 5246: Food Service Counter Attendants. Vendors in streets and public places of food
and beverages for immediate consumption from pushcarts, trucks, trays or
baskets are classified in Unit Group 5212: Street Food Salespersons. Vendors in streets and public places of
non-food items (or of pre-packaged non-perishable food items such as confectionery)
from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in Unit Group 9520: Street
Vendors (excluding Food). Workers who
prepare simple food items for immediate consumption, such as hamburger cooks,
but have limited direct contact with clients, are classified in Unit Group 9411:
Fast Food Preparers.
If adapting these categories to national
circumstances please note that the aim of separately identifying vendors of
food items for immediate consumption is to ensure that jobs that require skills
in service, basic preparation and hygienic handling of food are
identified. Food service counter
attendants generally serve a wider range of more elaborate products and meals
than street food salespersons and do not generally transport food using, or
sell food from, equipment such as handcarts, bicycles or baskets.
5249 Sales Workers Not Elsewhere
Classified
This unit group includes sales workers not
classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 52: Sales workers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Rental salesperson
Sub-major Group 53
Personal Care Workers
Personal care workers provide care, supervision
and assistance for children, patients and elderly, convalescent or disabled
persons in institutional and residential settings. Competent performance in
most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO
skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: assisting with mobility, washing and other personal
needs; assisting children individually to learn social skills; supervising and
participating in activities that enhance children’s physical, social, emotional
and intellectual development; observing and reporting concerns to appropriate
health or social service workers.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
531 Child Care Workers
and Teachers’ Aides
532 Personal Care
Workers in Health Services
Minor
Group 531
Child
Care Workers and Teachers’ Aides
Child care workers and teachers’ aides provide
care and supervision for children in schools, residential homes and child care
facilities.
Tasks performed usually include: assisting
children individually to learn social skills; demonstrating, supervising and
participating in activities that enhance the physical, social, emotional and
intellectual development of children in schools and preschools; assisting in
preparation of materials and equipment for children’s education and
recreational activities before school,
after school, during vacation and in day care centres.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
5311 Child Care
Workers
5312 Teachers’ Aides
5311 Child Care Workers
Child care workers provide care and supervision
for children in residential homes and in before-school, after-school, vacation
and day care centres.
Tasks include –
(a)
assisting children to wash, dress and feed themselves;
(b)
taking children to and from school or outdoors for recreation;
(c)
playing games with children, or entertaining them by reading or
storytelling;
(d)
assisting in the preparation of materials and equipment for children’s
education and recreational activities;
(e)
managing children’s behaviour and guiding their social development;
(f)
disciplining children and recommending or initiating other measures to
control behaviour, such as caring for own clothing and picking up toys and
books;
(g)
observing and monitoring children’s play activities;
(h)
keeping records on individual children, including daily observations and
information about activities, meals served and medications administered.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Babysitter
▪ Child care worker
▪ Creche ayah
▪ Family day care worker
▪ Nanny
▪ Out of school hours care worker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Early childhood educator – 2342
5312 Teachers’ Aides
Teachers’ aides perform non-teaching duties to
assist teaching staff, and provide care and supervision for children in schools
and pre-schools.
Tasks include –
(a)
demonstrating, supervising and participating in activities that enhance
the physical, social, emotional and intellectual development of children in
schools and pre-schools;
(b) preparing indoor and outdoor areas for
learning and recreational activities;
(c)
assisting children with intellectual, physical, behavioural and other
learning difficulties with their studies;
(d)
assisting children individually to learn social skills;
(e)
assisting with preparing teaching materials, and copying and collating
written and printed material;
(f)
operating audiovisual equipment, computers and other teaching aides;
(g)
distributing and collecting lesson material.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Pre-school assistant
▪ Teacher’s assistant
Minor
Group 532
Personal
Care Workers in Health Services
Personal care workers in health services
provide personal care and assistance with mobility and activities of daily living
to patients and elderly, convalescent and disabled people in health care and
residential settings.
Tasks performed usually include: assisting
patients with mobility, personal care and communication needs; sterilizing
surgical and other instruments and equipment; observing and reporting concerns
to the appropriate medical or social service workers; preparing patients for
examination and treatment and participating in planning the care of
individuals.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
5321 Health Care
Assistants
5322 Home-based
Personal Care Workers
5329 Personal Care
Workers in Health Services Not Elsewhere Classified
5321 Health Care Assistants
Health care assistants provide direct personal
care and assistance with activities of daily living to patients and residents
in a variety of health care settings such as hospitals, clinics and residential
nursing care facilities. They generally work in implementation of established
care plans and practices, and under the direct supervision of medical, nursing
or other health professionals or associate professionals.
Tasks include –
(a) providing care, support and treatment to
patients and residents of medical, rehabilitative and residential care
facilities according to treatment plans established by medical, nursing and
other health professionals;
(b)
assisting patients with personal and therapeutic care needs such as
personal hygiene, feeding, dressing, physical mobility and exercise,
communication, taking oral medications and changing dressings;
(c)
positioning, lifting and turning patients and transporting them in
wheelchairs or on movable beds;
(d)
maintaining patients’ environmental hygiene standards, such as cleaning
patient rooms and changing bed linen;
(e)
providing massage and other non-pharmacological pain relief measures,
such as during pregnancy and labour;
(f)
observing patients’ condition, responses and behaviour and reporting
changes to a health professional.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Birth assistant (clinic or
hospital)
▪ Nursing aide (clinic or hospital)
▪ Patient care assistant
▪ Psychiatric aid
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Nurse (professional) – 2221
▪ Nurse (associate professional) –
3221
▪ Ambulance worker – 3258
▪ Nursing aide (home) – 5322
Notes
Workers who provide personal care to residents of
institutions and facilities that have permanent medical or nursing supervision
(such as hospitals, rehabilitation centres, residential nursing care facilities
and nursing homes), and therefore work under the direct supervision of nurses,
medical doctors, or other health professionals or associate professionals, are
classified in Unit Group 5321: Health Care Assistants. Workers who provide personal care to
residents of independent living units, generally without permanent medical or
nursing supervision, should be classified in Unit Group 5322: Home-based Personal
Care Workers. In general, workers
classified in Minor Group 532: Personal Care Workers in Health Services do not
perform tasks requiring extensive medical knowledge or training, such as
administering medications and cleaning and dressing wounds: where tasks of this
type are performed they are of a simple and routine nature.
5322 Home-based Personal Care Workers
Home-based personal care workers provide
routine personal care and assistance with activities of daily living to persons
who are in need of such care due to effects of ageing, illness, injury, or
other physical or mental conditions, in private homes and other independent
residential settings.
Tasks include –
(a)
assisting clients with personal and therapeutic care needs such as
personal hygiene, feeding, dressing, physical mobility and exercise,
communication, taking oral medications and changing dressings, usually according
to care plans established by a health professional;
(b)
maintaining records of client care, changes in condition and responses
to care and treatment, and reporting concerns or providing referrals to a
health or social services professional;
(c)
positioning and lifting clients with physical mobility challenges, and
helping transport them in wheelchairs and motor vehicles;
(d)
providing clients and families with emotional support, information and
advice on topics such as nutrition, hygiene, exercise, caring for infants or
adapting to disability or illness;
(e)
maintaining clients’ environmental hygiene standards, such as changing
bed linen, washing clothes and dishes, and cleaning living quarters;
(f)
providing psychological support to clients such as through conversation
or reading aloud;
(g)
planning, purchasing, preparing or serving meals to meet nutritional
requirements and prescribed diets;
(h)
providing support to parents and care for newborns during the postpartum
period;
(i)
scheduling and accompanying clients for appointments with medical
doctors and other health professionals, or performing other errands.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Home birth assistant
▪ Home care aide
▪ Nursing aide (home)
▪ Personal care provider
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Nurse (professional) – 2221
▪ Social worker (professional) –
2635
▪ Nurse (associate professional) –
3221
▪ Social worker (associate
professional) – 3412
▪ Nursing aide (clinic or hospital) –
5321
Notes
Workers who provide personal care to residents of
medical and health care facilities that have permanent medical or nursing
supervision (such as in hospitals and nursing care homes), and therefore work
under the direct supervision of health professionals or associate
professionals, are classified in Unit Group 5321: Health Care Assistants. Workers who provide personal care in
independent residential settings (including retirement communities with minimal
or no on-site medical or nursing supervision) are classified in Unit Group 5322:
Home-based Personal Care Workers. Home
birth assistants, who provide emotional support and general care and advice to
women and families during pregnancy and labour, but not delivery care to reduce
health risks, are included here. Care workers who provide care and supervision
for children in residential homes and care centres are classified in Unit Group
5311: Child Care Workers.
5329 Personal Care Workers in Health
Services Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers providers of routine
health and personal care support services not classified elsewhere in Minor Group
532: Personal Care Workers in Health Services.
For instance, the group includes occupations such as dental aid,
sterilization aid, hospital orderly, medical imaging assistant, and pharmacy
aid.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
cleaning and sterilizing surgical, dental and pharmaceutical instruments,
bottles, beakers and other equipment;
(b)
labelling drugs, chemicals and other pharmaceutical preparations and
replenishing stock on shelves;
(c)
lifting, turning and moving patients and transporting them in
wheelchairs or on moveable beds;
(d)
preparing patients for examination or treatment;
(e)
setting up instrument trays, preparing materials, and assisting dentists
or radiographers during procedures;
(f)
exposing diagnostic X-rays.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dental aide
▪ First aid attendant
▪ Hospital orderly
▪ Medical imaging assistant
▪ Pharmacy aide
▪ Phlebotomist
▪ Sterilization aide
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Pharmaceutical assistant – 3213
▪ Dental technician – 3214
▪ Dental assistant – 3251
Sub-major Group 54
Protective Services
Workers
Protective services workers protect individuals
and property against fire and other hazards, maintain law and order and enforce
laws and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this
sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: preventing, fighting and extinguishing fires; rescuing
people from burning buildings and accident sites and those trapped in dangerous
situations; maintaining law and order, enforcing laws and regulations,
patrolling public areas and arresting suspected offenders; directing traffic
and assuming authority in the event of accidents; watching over and maintaining
order among inmates of prisons, reformatories or penitentiaries; patrolling or
monitoring premises to guard property against theft and vandalism, controlling
access to establishments and maintaining order and enforcing regulations at
public events and within establishments. Supervision of other workers may be
included.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor group:
541 Protective
Services Workers
Minor Group 541
Protective
Services Workers
Protective services workers protect individuals
and property against fire and other hazards, maintain law and order and enforce
laws and regulations.
Tasks performed usually include: preventing,
fighting and extinguishing fires; rescuing people from burning buildings and
accident sites and those trapped in dangerous situations; maintaining law and
order, enforcing laws and regulations, patrolling public areas and arresting
suspected offenders; directing traffic and assuming authority in the event of
accidents; watching over and maintaining order among inmates of prisons,
reformatories or penitentiaries; patrolling or monitoring premises to guard
property against theft and vandalism, controlling access to establishments and
maintaining order and enforcing regulations at public events and within
establishments. Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
5411 Firefighters
5412 Police Officers
5413 Prison Guards
5414 Security Guards
5419 Protective
Services Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
5411 Firefighters
Firefighters prevent, fight and extinguish
fires and assist in other emergencies, protect life and property and conduct
rescue efforts.
Tasks include –
(a)
responding to fire alarms and other calls for assistance, such as
automobile and industrial accidents, bomb threats and other emergencies;
(b)
controlling and extinguishing fires using manual and power equipment and
firefighting chemicals;
(c)
fighting special types of fires and using special equipment in
industrial establishments;
(d) rescuing
people from burning buildings and accident sites and those trapped in dangerous
situations;
(e)
preventing or limiting the spread of dangerous substances in case of
fires or accidents;
(f)
informing the public about fire prevention.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Firefighter
▪ Forest firefighter
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Fire inspector – 3112
▪ Fire prevention specialist – 3112
▪ Fire investigator – 3119
5412 Police Officers
Police officers maintain law and order,
patrolling public areas, enforcing laws and regulations and arresting suspected
offenders.
Tasks include –
(a)
patrolling a specific area to maintain public order, responding to
emergencies, protecting people and property and enforcing laws and regulations;
(b)
identifying, pursuing and arresting suspects and perpetrators of
criminal acts;
(c)
directing traffic and assuming authority in the event of accidents;
(d)
providing emergency assistance to victims of accidents, crimes and
natural disasters.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Constable
▪ Police officer
▪ Police patrol officer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Police chief constable – 1112
▪ Police commissioner – 1112
▪ Police inspector-general – 1112
▪ Police detective – 3355
▪ Police inspector – 3355
5413 Prison Guards
Prison guards watch over and maintain order
among inmates of prisons, reformatories or penitentiaries.
Tasks include –
(a)
searching arriving prisoners, putting their valuables in safekeeping,
escorting prisoners to cells and locking them in;
(b)
making periodic inspection tours of cells and inspecting and maintaining
the security of locks, windows, doors and gates;
(c)
supervising prisoners at work and meals, and during recreation periods;
(d)
observing the conduct and behaviour of prisoners to prevent disturbances
and escapes;
(e)
patrolling prison areas to prevent escapes;
(f)
assisting with the implementation of rehabilitation programmes;
(g)
escorting prisoners in transit and during temporary leave.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Prison guard
5414 Security Guards
Security guards patrol or monitor premises to
guard property against theft and vandalism. They control access to
establishments and maintain order and enforce regulations at public events and
within establishments.
Tasks include –
(a)
patrolling premises and checking doors, windows and gates to prevent and
detect signs of unauthorized entry;
(b)
controlling access to establishments, monitoring and authorizing the
entrance or departure of employees and visitors, checking identification and
issuing security passes;
(c)
circulating among visitors, patrons or employees to preserve order,
protect property from theft or vandalism and enforce the regulations of the
establishment;
(d)
responding to alarms, investigating disturbances and contacting
superiors, police or firefighters as appropriate;
(e) performing
security checks of passengers and luggage at airports;
(f)
picking up and ensuring the safe delivery of cash and valuables to
banks, automated teller machines and retail establishments.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bodyguard
▪ Doorkeeper
▪ Museum guard
▪ Security guard
▪ Security patrolman/woman
▪ Watchman/woman
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Beach patrolman/woman – 5419
▪ Lifeguard – 5419
5419 Protective Services Workers
Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers protective services
workers not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 541: Protective Services Workers.
For instance, the unit group includes lifeguards, crossing guards and animal
control officers.
Tasks include –
(a)
patrolling beaches and swimming pools to prevent accidents and to rescue
bathers from drowning;
(b)
monitoring traffic flow to locate safe gaps through which pedestrians
can cross streets;
(c)
responding to citizen complaints concerning stray domestic animals,
livestock and wildlife, issuing warnings and citations to owners and impounding
lost, homeless and dangerous animals;
(d)
patrolling an assigned area to enforce parking regulations;
(e)
directing traffic.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Animal control officer
▪ Beach patrolman/woman
▪ Crossing guard
▪ Game warden
▪ Lifeguard
▪ Traffic warden
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Doorkeeper – 5414
▪ Museum guard – 5414
▪ Watchman/woman – 5414
Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery
workers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops; gather wild fruits and
plants; breed, tend or hunt animals; produce a variety of animal husbandry
products; cultivate, conserve and exploit forests; breed or catch fish; and
cultivate or gather other forms of aquatic life in order to provide food,
shelter and income for themselves and their households. Competent performance in most occupations in
this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by skilled agricultural,
forestry and fishery workers usually include: preparing the soil; sowing,
planting, spraying, fertilizing and harvesting field crops; growing fruit and
other tree and shrub crops; growing garden vegetables and horticultural
products; gathering wild fruits and plants; breeding, raising, tending or
hunting animals mainly to obtain meat, milk, hair, fur, skin, or sericultural,
apiarian or other products; cultivating, conserving and exploiting forests;
breeding or catching fish; cultivating or gathering other forms of aquatic
life; storing and carrying out some basic
processing of their produce; selling their products to purchasers, marketing
organizations or at markets. Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this major group are classified
into the following sub-major groups:
61 Market-oriented
Skilled Agricultural Workers
62 Market-oriented
Skilled Forestry, Fishery and Hunting Workers
63 Subsistence
Farmers, Fishers, Hunters and Gatherers
Sub-major Group 61
Market-oriented Skilled
Agricultural Workers
Market-oriented skilled agricultural workers
plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest field or tree
and shrub crops; and to produce a variety of animals and animal products for
sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations
or at markets. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major
group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: preparing the
soil; sowing, planting, spraying, fertilizing and harvesting field crops;
growing fruit and other tree and shrub crops; growing garden vegetables and
horticultural products; raising, breeding and tending animals mainly to obtain meat, milk, hair, fur, skin,
or sericultural, apiarian or other products; storing and carrying out some
processing of produce; selling their products to purchasers, marketing organizations
or at markets. Supervision of other
workers may be included.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
611 Market Gardeners
and Crop growers
612 Animal Producers
613 Mixed Crop and
Animal Producers
Notes
Jobs should be classified in
Sub-major Group 63: Subsistence Farmers, Fishers,
Hunters and Gatherers when goods (mostly food) are produced mainly for own
consumption or for consumption by other members of the worker’s household. If a large surplus is produced, and more
goods are sold than consumed, but the main aim of production was own
consumption, the jobs should nevertheless be classified in Sub-major Group 63.
Jobs should only be classified in Sub-major Group 61: Market-oriented Skilled Agricultural
Workers, or 62: Market-oriented Skilled Forestry, Fishery and Hunting Workers,
if the main aim of the activity is to produce goods for the market.
Minor
Group 611
Market
Gardeners and Crop Growers
Market gardeners and crop growers plan,
organize and perform operations to grow and harvest field crops; to grow fruit
and other tree and shrub crops; to grow garden vegetables and medicinal and
other plants; and to produce horticultural and horticultural nurseries products
for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations
or at markets.
Tasks performed usually include: monitoring
market activity and conditions, determining types and quantities of crops to be
grown, and planning and coordinating production accordingly; purchasing seeds,
bulbs and fertilizer; investing in land and land improvements; preparing land,
sowing, planting, cultivating and harvesting various crops; tending working
animals and maintaining farm buildings, machinery and equipment; producing
saplings, bulbs and seeds; storing and carrying out some processing of
produce; delivering or marketing farm
products. Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
6111 Field Crop and
Vegetable Growers
6112 Tree and Shrub
Crop Growers
6113 Gardeners,
Horticultural and Nursery Growers
6114 Mixed Crop
Growers
6111 Field Crop and Vegetable Growers
Field crop and vegetable growers plan, organize
and perform farming operations to grow and harvest various types of field crop
such as wheat and other cereals, rice, beetroot, sugar-cane, groundnuts,
tobacco, reed or other field crops, and potatoes, cabbages or other field
vegetables, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers,
marketing organizations or at markets.
Tasks include –
(a)
monitoring market activity and conditions, determining types and
quantities of crops to be grown, and planning and coordinating production
accordingly;
(b)
preparing soil by hand or machine, and spreading fertilizers and manure;
(c)
selecting and sowing seeds, and planting seedlings;
(d)
maintaining crops by cultivating soil, by transplanting, pruning or
thinning plants, and by setting up and operating irrigation equipment;
(e)
controlling weeds, pests and diseases by applying herbicides and
pesticides;
(f)
harvesting crops and destroying diseased or superfluous crops;
(g)
inspecting, cleaning, grading, packaging, storing and loading crops for
sale or delivery to market;
(h)
tending working animals and maintaining farm buildings, structures,
equipment and water supply systems;
(i)
storing and carrying out some processing of produce;
(j)
promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and
transportation of produce and supplies and maintaining and evaluating records
of farm activities and transactions;
(k)
training and supervising workers in crop production, maintenance duties,
and health and safety precautions, and hiring and discharging workers and
contractors.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cereal farmer
▪ Cotton farmer
▪ Potato farmer
▪ Rice farmer
▪ Skilled farm worker (field crops)
▪ Sugar-cane grower
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Agricultural production manager –
1311
▪ Crop farm labourer – 9211
Note
Growers of vegetables using intensive cultivation
techniques are classified in Unit Group 6113:
Gardeners, Horticultural and Nursery Growers.
6112 Tree and Shrub Crop Growers
Tree and shrub crop growers plan, organize and
perform farming operations to grow and harvest trees and shrubs such as fruit
and nut trees, tea and coffee bushes, grape vines, berry-bearing bushes, cocoa
trees and rubber trees, and to collect sap, for sale or delivery on a regular
basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.
Tasks include –
(a)
monitoring market activity and conditions, determining types and
quantities of crops to be grown, and planning and coordinating production
accordingly;
(b)
preparing soil by hand or machine, and spreading fertilizers and manure;
(c)
selecting and sowing seeds, and planting seedlings;
(d)
maintaining crops by cultivating soil, by transplanting, pruning or
thinning trees and shrubs, and by setting up and operating irrigation
equipment;
(e)
controlling weeds, pests and diseases by applying herbicides and
pesticides;
(f)
tending trees or bushes, collecting sap and harvesting crops;
(g)
inspecting, cleaning, grading, packaging, storing and loading crops for
sale or delivery to market;
(h)
tending working animals and maintaining farm buildings, structures,
equipment and water supply systems;
(i)
storing and carrying out some processing of produce;
(j)
promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and
transportation of produce and supplies, and maintaining and evaluating records
of farm activities and transactions;
(k)
training and supervising workers in crop production, maintenance duties,
and health and safety precautions, and hiring and discharging workers and
contractors.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Fruit farmer
▪ Rubber farmer
▪ Rubber tapper
▪ Tea grower
▪ Viticulturist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Plantation manager – 1311
▪ Fruit picker – 9211
6113 Gardeners; Horticultural
and Nursery Growers
Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers
plan, organize and perform operations to cultivate and maintain trees, shrubs,
flowers and other plants in parks and private gardens, and to produce saplings,
bulbs and seeds or grow vegetables and flowers, by intensive cultivation
techniques for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers,
marketing organizations or at markets.
Tasks include –
(a)
monitoring market activity and conditions determining kinds and amounts
of vegetables, horticultural and nursery products to be grown, and planning and
coordinating production accordingly;
(b)
preparing land by conditioning soil, levelling ground and installing and
operating irrigation and drainage systems;
(c)
planting trees, hedges, garden plants and grass;
(d)
pruning and trimming trees, shrubs and hedges, installing plant supports
and protection, and rolling, mowing, aerating and edging lawns;
(e)
constructing features and facilities within gardens, such as paths or
paved areas, walls, rockeries, garden beds, ponds and water features, sheds and
fences;
(f)
checking the health of plants and trees, identifying and treating weeds,
pests and diseases, and applying mulch and fertilizers;
(g)
producing saplings, bulbs and seeds and raising plants from seeds or
cuttings;
(h)
harvesting crops, inspecting, cleaning, grading, packaging, storing and
loading products for sale or delivery to market;
(i) maintaining
buildings, greenhouses and other structures, equipment and water supply
systems;
(j)
storing and carrying out some processing of produce;
(k)
promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and
transportation of produce and supplies, and maintaining and evaluating records
of activities and transactions;
(l)
training and supervising workers in production, maintenance duties, and
health and safety precautions, and hiring and discharging workers and
contractors.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Horticulturist
▪ Landscape gardener
▪ Market gardener
▪ Mushroom cultivator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Horticultural scientist – 2132
▪ Garden labourer – 9214
▪ Horticultural labourer – 9214
Note
Growers of berry-bearing bushes and fruit trees in
orchards are classified in Unit Group 6112: Tree and Shrub Crop Growers unless
this is done in combination with general market gardening or horticultural
cultivation. Growers of vegetables in
fields not using intensive cultivation techniques are classified in Unit Group
6111: Field Crop and Vegetable Growers.
6114 Mixed Crop Growers
Mixed crop growers plan, organize and perform
farming operations to grow and harvest specific combinations of field crops,
field vegetables, tree and shrub crops, and garden, horticultural and nursery
products, for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or
at markets.
Tasks include –
(a)
monitoring market activity and conditions, determining types and
quantities of crops to be grown, and planning and coordinating production
accordingly;
(b)
preparing soil by hand or machine, and spreading fertilizers and manure;
(c)
selecting and sowing seeds, and planting seedlings;
(d)
maintaining crops by cultivating soil, by transplanting, pruning or
thinning crops, trees and shrubs, and by setting up and operating irrigation
equipment;
(e)
growing flowers and vegetables by intensive cultivation;
(f)
producing saplings, bulbs and seeds;
(g)
harvesting crops and inspecting, cleaning, grading, packaging, storing
and loading products for sale or delivery to market;
(h)
tending working animals and maintaining farm buildings, structures,
equipment and water supply systems;
(i)
storing and carrying out some processing of produce;
(j)
promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and
transportation of produce and supplies, and maintaining and evaluating records
of activities and transactions;
(k) training
and supervising workers in production, maintenance duties, and health and
safety precautions, and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Mixed crop farmer
▪ Skilled farm worker (mixed crops)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Agricultural production manager –
1311
▪ Plantation manager – 1311
▪ Crop farm labourer – 9211
▪ Fruit picker – 9211
Minor
Group 612
Animal
Producers
Animal producers plan, organize and perform farming
operations to breed and raise domesticated animals, poultry, insects and
non-domesticated animals for the production of meat, dairy products, honey,
skins, textiles and other products, or for use as working, sporting or
recreational animals, for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers, marketing
organizations or at markets.
Task performed usually include: monitoring market activity and conditions,
determining kinds and amounts of products to produce and planning and
coordinating production accordingly;
raising, feeding and tending animals; preparing animals or animal
products for market; monitoring and examining animals to detect illness, injury
or disease, and to check physical condition such as rate of weight gain;
performing duties related to animal reproduction such as breeding, artificial
insemination and helping with animal births; renting or investing in, and
maintaining and cleaning, buildings, machinery, equipment and structures;
storing and carrying out some processing of produce; promoting and marketing products, arranging
the sale, purchase and transportation of stock, produce and supplies, and
maintaining and evaluating records of activities and transactions; training and supervising workers in animal
care procedures, maintenance duties and health and safety precautions, and
hiring and discharging workers and contractors.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
6121 Livestock and
Dairy Producers
6122 Poultry Producers
6123 Apiarists and
Sericulturists
6129 Animal Producers
Not Elsewhere Classified
6121 Livestock and Dairy Producers
Livestock and dairy producers plan, organize
and perform farming operations to breed and raise domesticated animals
(excluding poultry), such as cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, horses and camels, for
the production of meat, milk and other dairy products, skins and wool or for
use as working, sporting or recreational animals, for sale or delivery to
wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.
Tasks include –
(a)
monitoring market activity and conditions, determining kinds and amounts
of stock to produce, and planning and coordinating production accordingly;
(b)
cultivating pastures and providing and monitoring fodder and water
supplies to maintain appropriate nutritional levels and condition of livestock;
(c)
monitoring and examining animals to detect illness, injury or disease,
and to check physical condition such as rate of weight gain;
(d)
grooming, marking, clipping, trimming, drenching and/or castrating
animals, and shearing coats to collect hair or wool;
(e)
herding livestock to pastures for grazing or to scales, sheds, vehicles
or other enclosures;
(f)
milking animals by hand or using milking machines;
(g)
mixing feed, additives and medicines in prescribed portions and
distributing or hand-feeding to animals for consumption;
(h)
performing duties related to livestock reproduction, such as breeding,
artificial insemination and helping with animal births;
(i)
maintaining and cleaning farm buildings, machinery, equipment and
structures;
(j)
slaughtering and skinning animals and preparing them for market;
(k)
storing and carrying out some processing of animal and dairy produce;
(l)
promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and
transportation of livestock, produce and supplies, and maintaining and
evaluating records of farm activities and transactions;
(m)
training and supervising workers in animal care procedures, maintenance
duties and health and safety precautions, and hiring and discharging workers
and contractors.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cattle farmer
▪ Dairy farmer
▪ Dog breeder
▪ Drover
▪ Goat farmer
▪ Horse breeder
▪ Shearer
▪ Sheep farmer
▪ Shepherd
▪ Stockman/woman
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Agricultural production manager –
1311
▪ Ranch manager – 1311
Note
Workers who produce
a combination of domestic livestock and other animals such as poultry, insects
and non-domesticated animals should be classified according to their
predominant activity. Those who produce and store hay and other fodder for
later consumption, primarily by livestock for which they are responsible, are
classified in Unit Group 6121: Livestock and Dairy Producers.
6122 Poultry Producers
Poultry producers plan, organize and perform
farming operations to breed and raise chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks and other
poultry to produce meat, eggs and breeding stock for sale or delivery to
wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.
Tasks include –
(a)
monitoring market activity, planning and coordinating production
accordingly, and maintaining and evaluating records of farming activities;
(b)
growing and purchasing feed and other supplies needed to maintain
appropriate nutritional levels and condition of poultry;
(c)
monitoring and examining poultry to detect illness, injury or disease
and to check physical condition such as rate of weight gain, and removing weak,
ill and dead poultry from flock;
(d)
mixing feed and feed additives and filling feed and water containers;
(e)
vaccinating poultry via drinking water, injection or dusting of air;
(f)
collecting and storing eggs and packaging them for sale or delivery to
market;
(g)
determining sex of chicks and facilitating breeding, artificial
insemination and hatching of eggs;
(h)
renting or investing in, and maintaining and cleaning, farm buildings,
machinery, equipment and structures;
(i)
slaughtering and dressing poultry for sale or delivery to market;
(j) storing
and carrying out some processing of produce;
(k) arranging the sale, purchase and
transportation of stock, produce and supplies;
(l)
training and supervising workers in poultry production procedures,
maintenance duties and health and safety precautions, and hiring and
discharging workers and contractors.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Poultry breeder
▪ Poultry farmer
▪ Poultry tender
Note
Workers who produce a combination of domestic
livestock and other animals such as poultry, insects and non-domesticated
animals should be classified according to their predominant activity.
6123 Apiarists and Sericulturists
Apiarists and sericulturists plan, organize and
perform operations to breed, raise and tend insects such as honey bees,
silkworms and other species to produce honey, beeswax, silk and other products
for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at
markets.
Tasks include –
(a)
monitoring market activity and conditions, determining kinds and amounts
of insect products to produce, and planning and coordinating production
accordingly;
(b)
purchasing insects and growing or purchasing feed and other supplies;
(c)
breeding, raising and tending insects and collecting their products;
(d)
renting or investing in, and maintaining and cleaning, buildings,
machinery, equipment and structures;
(e)
storing and carrying out some processing of produce;
(f)
arranging the sale, purchase and transportation of stock, produce and
supplies, and maintaining and evaluating records of farming activities;
(g)
training and supervising workers in production procedures, maintenance
duties and health and safety precautions, and hiring and discharging workers
and contractors.
Examples of occupations classified
here:
▪ Apiarist
▪ Sericulturist
6129 Animal Producers Not Elsewhere
Classified
This unit group covers market-oriented animal
producers not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 612: Animal Producers. For
instance, the group includes those engaged in breeding, raising and tending
non-domesticated mammals, game and other birds (except poultry), snails, snakes
and other reptiles, as well as various insects and animals used for laboratory
tests, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing
organizations, zoos and circuses, or at markets.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
monitoring market activity and conditions, determining kinds and amounts
of products to produce, and planning and coordinating production accordingly;
(b)
raising, feeding and tending animals;
(c)
monitoring and examining animals to detect illness, injury or disease,
and to check physical condition such as rate of weight gain;
(d)
performing duties related to animal reproduction, such as breeding,
artificial insemination and helping with animal births;
(e)
renting or investing in, and maintaining and cleaning, buildings,
machinery, equipment and structures;
(f)
slaughtering and skinning animals and preparing animal products for
market;
(g) storing
and carrying out some processing of produce;
(h)
promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and
transportation of stock, produce and supplies, and maintaining and evaluating
records of activities and transactions;
(i)
training and supervising workers in animal care procedures, maintenance
duties and health and safety precautions.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Crocodile farmer
▪ Fur farmer (non-domesticated
animals)
▪ Game bird breeder
▪ Ostrich farmer
▪ Snail breeder
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Pet groomer – 5164
▪ Zoo keeper – 5164
▪ Game warden – 5419
▪ Poultry breeder – 6122
Minor
Group 613
Mixed
Crop and Animal Producers
Mixed crop and animal producers plan, organize
and perform farming operations to grow and harvest field, tree and various
other crops, as well as to breed, raise and tend animals and to produce a
variety of animal husbandry products, for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers,
marketing organizations or at markets.
Tasks performed usually include: monitoring
market activity and conditions, determining kinds and amounts of crops to be
grown and animals to be raised, and planning and coordinating production
accordingly; purchasing seeds, fertilizer, and other supplies; performing
operations such as land preparation, sowing, planting, cultivating and
harvesting crops; producing or buying fodder and other food supplies; breeding,
raising and tending animals; killing and skinning animals, and preparing
animals or animal products for market; renting or investing in, and maintaining
and cleaning, farm buildings, machinery, equipment and structures; storing and
carrying out some processing of produce; promoting and marketing products,
arranging the sale, purchase and transportation of livestock, produce and
supplies, and maintaining and evaluating records of farm activities and
transactions; training and supervising workers in animal care procedures,
maintenance duties and health and safety precautions, and hiring and
discharging workers and contractors.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
6130 Mixed Crop and
Animal Producers
6130 Mixed Crop and Animal Producers
Mixed crop and animal producers plan, organize
and perform farming operations to grow and harvest field, tree and various
other crops, as well as to breed, raise and tend animals and to produce a
variety of animal husbandry products, for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers,
marketing organizations or at markets.
Tasks include –
(a)
monitoring market activity and conditions, determining kinds and amounts
of crops to be grown and animals to be raised, and planning and coordinating
production accordingly;
(b)
purchasing seeds, fertilizer, and other supplies;
(c)
performing operations such as land preparation, sowing, planting,
cultivating and harvesting crops;
(d)
producing or buying fodder and other food supplies;
(e)
breeding, raising and tending animals;
(f)
killing and skinning animals, and preparing animals or animal products
for market;
(g)
renting or investing in and maintaining and cleaning farm buildings,
machinery, equipment, and structures;
(h)
storing and carrying out some processing of produce;
(i)
promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and
transportation of livestock, produce and supplies and maintaining and
evaluating records of farm activities and transactions;
(j)
training and supervising workers in animal care procedures, maintenance
duties, and health and safety precautions and hiring and discharging workers
and contractors.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Farmer (mixed farming)
▪ Skilled farm worker (mixed
farming)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Agricultural production manager –
1311
▪ Plantation manager – 1311
▪ Mixed farm labourer – 9213
Notes
Farmers and other skilled agricultural workers whose
tasks predominantly involve either raising animals or growing crops, but also
involve some incidental activity in crop growing or tending animals
respectively, should not be included in Unit Group 6130: Mixed Crop and Animal Producers. For example, a farmer who raises cattle for
the market but also spends a small amount of time growing garden vegetables
should be classified in Unit Group 6121: Livestock and Dairy Producers. Similarly, a wheat farmer who keeps a small
number of chickens and other farmyard animals should be classified in Unit Group
6111: Field Crop and Vegetable Growers.
Workers on mixed farms who specialize in either crop
or animal production for the market should be classified in the relevant unit
group in Minor Groups 611: Market Gardeners and Crop Growers, or 612: Animal Producers,
as appropriate.
Sub-major Group 62
Market-oriented Skilled
Forestry, Fishery and Hunting Workers
Market-oriented skilled forestry, fishery and
hunting workers plan, organize and perform operations to cultivate, conserve
and exploit natural and plantation forests; breed and raise fish; harvest and
catch fish; and hunt and trap animals, for sale or delivery on a regular basis
to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets. Competent
performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the
second ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: renting or investing in equipment and machinery and
purchasing supplies; planning and undertaking forestry,
aquaculture, fishery and hunting operations; maintaining buildings, tanks,
machinery and other equipment; delivering or marketing products; supervising
and training other workers.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
621 Forestry and
Related Workers
622 Fishery Workers,
Hunters and Trappers
Notes
Jobs should be classified in Sub-major Group 63:
Subsistence Farmers, Fishers, Hunters and Gatherers when goods (mostly food)
are produced mainly for own consumption or for consumption by other members of
the worker’s household. If a large
surplus is produced, and more goods are sold than consumed, but the main aim of
production was own consumption, the jobs should nevertheless be classified in
Sub-major Group 63. Jobs should only be classified in Sub-major Group 61:
Market-oriented Skilled Agricultural Workers, or 62: Market-oriented Skilled Forestry,
Fishery and Hunting Workers, if the main aim of the activity is to produce
goods for the market.
Minor
Group 621
Forestry
and Related Workers
Forestry and related workers plan, organize and
perform operations to cultivate, conserve and exploit natural and plantation
forests.
Tasks performed usually include; assessing sites for reforestation, selecting
seedlings and planting trees using manual planting tools, and establishing and
caring for forest stands; locating trees to be felled and estimating volume of
timber; operating chainsaw and other power saws to thin young forest stands,
trim, top and fell trees and saw them into logs; shaping rough wooden products
from logs at a felling site; stacking logs and loading them in chutes or
floating them down rivers; keeping watch to detect forest fires, participating
in firefighting operations, completing firefighting reports and maintaining
firefighting equipment; controlling weeds and undergrowth in regenerating
forest stands, using manual tools and chemicals; operating and maintaining a
skidder, bulldozer or other prime mover to pull a variety of scarification or
site preparation equipment over areas to be regenerated; collecting seed cones, pruning trees,
assisting in planting surveys and marking trees for subsequent operations;
training and supervising other workers in forestry procedures, including
forestry labourers and plant operators.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
6210 Forestry and
Related Workers
6210 Forestry and Related Workers
Forestry and related workers plan, organize and
perform operations to cultivate, conserve and exploit natural and plantation
forests.
Tasks include –
(a)
assessing sites for reforestation, selecting seedlings and planting
trees using manual planting tools and establishing and caring for forest
stands;
(b)
locating trees to be felled and estimating volume of timber;
(c)
operating chainsaw and other power saws to thin young forest stands,
trim, top and fell trees and saw them into logs;
(d)
shaping rough wooden products from logs at felling site;
(e)
stacking logs and loading them in chutes or floating them down rivers;
(f)
keeping watch to detect forest fires, participating in fire fighting
operations, completing fire fighting reports and maintaining fire fighting
equipment;
(g)
controlling weeds and undergrowth in regenerating forest stands using
manual tools and chemicals;
(h) operating
and maintaining a skidder, bulldozer or other prime mover to pull a variety of
scarification or site preparation equipment over areas to be regenerated;
(i)
collecting seed cones, pruning trees, assisting in planting surveys and
marking trees for subsequent operations;
(j)
training and supervising other workers in forestry procedures, including
forestry labourers and plant operators.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Charcoal burner
▪ Logger
▪ Logging climber
▪ Skilled forestry worker
▪ Timber cruiser
▪ Tree feller
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Silviculturist – 2132
▪ Forestry technician – 3143
▪ Tree faller operator – 8341
▪ Forestry labourer – 9215
Minor
Group 622
Fishery
Workers, Hunters and Trappers
Fishery workers, hunters and trappers breed and
raise fish, harvest and catch fish, and hunt and trap animals, for sale or
delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at
markets.
Tasks performed usually include: breeding, raising and cultivating fish,
mussels, oysters and other forms of aquatic life as cash crops or for release
into freshwater or saltwater; monitoring environments to ensure maintenance of
optimum conditions for aquatic life; cleaning, freezing, icing or salting catch
on- or offshore, and preparing fish and other products for shipment; renting or investing in and maintaining
buildings, tanks, machinery, fishing vessels and other equipment; preparing and repairing nets and other
fishing gear and equipment; operating fishing vessels to, from and at fishing
grounds; baiting, setting, operating and
hauling in fishing gear; setting traps to catch mammals, birds or reptiles;
delivering or marketing products; supervising and training other workers.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
6221 Aquaculture
Workers
6222 Inland and
Coastal Waters Fishery Workers
6223 Deep-sea Fishery
Workers
6224 Hunters and
Trappers
6221 Aquaculture Workers
Aquaculture workers breed and raise fish and
cultivate mussels, oysters and other forms of aquatic life, for sale or
delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at
markets.
Tasks include –
(a)
breeding, raising and cultivating fish, mussels, oysters and other forms
of aquatic life as cash crops or for release into freshwater or saltwater;
(b) collecting and recording growth, production
and environmental data;
(c)
conducting and supervising stock examinations in order to identify
diseases or parasites;
(d)
monitoring environments to ensure maintenance of optimum conditions for
aquatic life;
(e)
directing and monitoring trapping and spawning of fish, egg incubation
and fry rearing, applying knowledge of management and fish culturing
techniques;
(f)
cleaning, freezing, icing or salting catch on- or offshore, and
preparing fish and other products for shipment;
(g)
maintaining buildings, tanks, machinery, boats and other equipment;
(h)
delivering or marketing products;
(i)
renting or investing in buildings, equipment and machinery, and
purchasing food and other supplies;
(j)
supervising and training aquaculture and fish hatchery support workers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Algae cultivator
▪ Fish farmer
▪ Oyster farmer
▪ Pearl cultivator
▪ Seafood farmer
▪ Skilled fish farm worker
▪ Skilled seafood farm worker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Aquaculture production manager –
1312
▪ Aquaculture labourer – 9216
6222 Inland and Coastal Waters
Fishery Workers
Inland and coastal waters fishery workers,
alone or as members of fishing-vessel crews, catch fish or gather other forms
of aquatic life in inland or coastal waters for sale or delivery on a regular
basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing and repairing nets and other fishing gear and equipment;
(b)
selecting areas for fishing, plotting courses and computing navigational
positions using compass, charts and other aids;
(c)
operating fishing vessels to, from and at fishing grounds;
(d)
baiting, setting, operating and hauling in fishing gear by hand or using
hoisting equipment;
(e)
gathering various forms of aquatic life from shores and shallow waters;
(f)
maintaining engine fishing gear and other on-board equipment;
(g)
keeping records of transactions, fishing activities, weather and sea
conditions, and estimating costs and budgets;
(h)
sorting and storing catch in holds with salt and ice;
(i)
removing catches from fishing equipment, measuring them to ensure
compliance with legal size and returning undesirable or illegal catches to the
water;
(j)
directing fishing operations, and supervising fishing crew members.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Coastal fishery skipper
▪ Fisher (coastal waters)
▪ Fisher (inland waters)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Fishing operations manager – 1312
▪ Deep-sea fisher – 6223
▪ Oyster diver – 7541
▪ Fishing labourer – 9216
6223 Deep-sea Fishery Workers
Deep-sea fishery workers, as skippers or
members of fishing vessel crews, catch deep-sea fish for sale or delivery to
wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing and repairing nets and other fishing gear and equipment;
(b)
commanding and operating fishing vessels to, from and at deep-sea
fishing grounds;
(c)
determining areas for fishing, plotting courses and computing
navigational positions using compass, charts, tables and other aids;
(d)
steering vessels and operating navigational instruments and electronic
fishing aids;
(e)
directing fishing operations and supervising crew activities;
(f)
recording fishing progress and activities, as well as weather and sea
conditions, on the ship’s log;
(g)
baiting, setting and hauling in fishing gear;
(h)
cleaning, freezing, icing or salting catch on- or offshore;
(i)
selecting and training vessel crews.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Deep-sea fisher
▪ Trawler skipper
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Fishing operations manager – 1312
▪ Coastal fishery skipper – 6222
▪ Fisher(coastal waters) – 6222
▪ Fisher (inland waters) – 6222
▪ Fishery labourer – 9216
6224 Hunters and Trappers
Hunters and trappers catch and kill mammals,
birds or reptiles mainly for meat, skin, feathers and other products for sale
or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or
at markets.
Tasks include –
(a)
setting traps to catch mammals, birds or reptiles;
(b)
killing trapped or free mammals, birds or reptiles with firearms or
other weapons;
(c)
skinning and otherwise treating killed mammals, birds or reptiles to
obtain desired products for sale or delivery;
(d)
delivering or selling trapped live mammals, birds or reptiles;
(e)
repairing and maintaining equipment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Fur trapper
▪ Seal hunter
Sub-major Group 63
Subsistence Farmers,
Fishers, Hunters and Gatherers
Subsistence farmers, fishers, hunters and
gatherers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, vegetables and fruit;
gather wild fruits, medicinal and other plants; tend or hunt animals; catch
fish and gather various forms of aquatic life in order to provide food, shelter
and, in some cases, a minimum of cash
income for themselves and their households. Competent performance in most
occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill
level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: preparing the soil; sowing, planting, tending and
harvesting field crops; growing vegetables, fruit and other tree and shrub
crops; gathering wild fruits, medicinal and other plants; breeding, tending and
feeding animals and poultry mainly to obtain meat, eggs, milk, hair, skin or
other products; hunting or trapping
animals; catching fish and gathering other forms of aquatic life; fetching
water and gathering firewood; storing produce for later use and carrying out
some processing of produce; building and maintaining houses and other shelters;
making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household; selling or
bartering some products at local markets.
Occupations in this sub-major group are classified
into the following minor groups:
631 Subsistence Crop
Farmers
632 Subsistence
Livestock Farmers
633 Subsistence Mixed
Crop and Livestock Farmers
634 Subsistence
Fishers, Hunters, Trappers and Gatherers
Notes
Jobs should be classified in Sub-major Group 63:
Subsistence Farmers, Fishers, Hunters and Gatherers when goods (mostly food)
are produced mainly for own consumption or for consumption by other members of
the worker’s household. If a large
surplus is produced, and more goods are sold than consumed, but the main aim of
production was for own consumption, the jobs should nevertheless be classified
in Sub-major Group 63. Jobs should only be classified in Sub-major Group 61:
Market-oriented Skilled Agricultural Workers, or 62: Market-oriented Skilled Forestry,
Fishery and Hunting Workers, if the main aim of the activity is to produce
goods for the market.
Jobs are also classified in Sub-major Group 63 when
goods are produced only for own consumption or for consumption by members of
the worker’s household, and no cash income or bartering is involved.
Minor
Group 631
Subsistence
Crop Farmers
Subsistence crop farmers grow and harvest field
or tree and shrub crops, vegetables and fruit, in order to provide food,
shelter and, in some cases, a minimum of cash income for themselves and their
households.
Tasks performed usually include: preparing the
soil, sowing, planting, tending and harvesting field crops; growing vegetables,
fruit and other tree and shrub crops; fetching water and gathering
firewood; storing for later use and
carrying out some processing of produce; building and maintaining houses and
other shelters; making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household;
selling or bartering some products at local markets.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
6310 Subsistence Crop
Farmers
6310 Subsistence Crop Farmers
Subsistence crop farmers grow and harvest field
or tree and shrub crops, vegetables and fruit, in order to provide food,
shelter and, in some cases, a minimum of cash income for themselves and their
households.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing the soil, sowing, planting, tending and harvesting field
crops;
(b)
growing vegetables, fruit and other tree and shrub crops;
(c)
fetching water and gathering firewood;
(d)
storing for later use and carrying out some processing of produce;
(e)
building and maintaining houses and other shelters;
(f)
making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household;
(g)
selling or bartering some products at local markets.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Subsistence crop farmer
▪ Subsistence gardener
▪ Subsistence vegetable grower
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Crop farm labourer – 9211
▪ Firewood collector – 9624
▪ Water collector – 9624
Notes
Workers in a subsistence setting whose main tasks
are fetching water and gathering firewood are classified in Unit Group 9624:
Water and Firewood Collectors. Workers in subsistence agriculture who perform a
limited range of simple and routine tasks, usually under the direction of
others, are classified in the relevant unit group in Sub-major Group 92:
Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers
Minor
Group 632
Subsistence
Livestock Farmers
Subsistence livestock farmers breed, raise and
tend livestock in order to provide food, shelter and, in some cases, a minimum
of cash income for themselves and their households.
Tasks performed usually include: cultivating
pastures or managing grazing lands, and monitoring feed and water supplies
needed to maintain condition of livestock; monitoring and examining animals to
detect illness, injury or disease, and to check physical condition; grooming
and marking animals and shearing coats to collect hair or wool; herding or
leading livestock to pastures, grazing land and water supplies; raising,
tending, feeding and milking animals or draining blood from them; breeding
animals and helping with animal births; slaughtering and skinning animals and
preparing them and their products for consumption or sale; carrying out some
processing of animal products; building and maintaining houses and other
shelters; making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household; fetching
water and gathering firewood; buying, bartering and selling animals and some
products.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
6320 Subsistence
Livestock Farmer
6320 Subsistence Livestock Farmers
Subsistence livestock farmers breed, raise and
tend livestock in order to provide food, shelter and, in some cases, a minimum
of cash income for themselves and their households.
Tasks include –
(a)
cultivating pastures, or managing grazing lands, and monitoring feed and
water supplies needed to maintain condition of livestock;
(b)
monitoring and examining animals to detect illness, injury or disease,
and to check physical condition;
(c)
grooming and marking animals and shearing coats to collect hair or wool;
(d)
herding or leading livestock to pastures, grazing land and water
supplies;
(e) raising,
tending, feeding and milking animals or draining blood from them;
(f)
breeding animals and helping with animal births;
(g)
slaughtering and skinning animals and preparing them and their products
for consumption or sale;
(h)
carrying out some processing of animal products;
(i)
building and maintaining houses and other shelters;
(j)
making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household;
(k)
fetching water and gathering firewood;
(l)
buying, bartering and selling animals and some products.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Subsistence cattle farmer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Livestock farm labourer – 9212
▪ Mixed crop and livestock farm
labourer – 9213
▪ Water and firewood collector –
9624
Notes
Workers in a subsistence setting whose main tasks
are fetching water and gathering firewood are classified in Unit Group 9624:
Water and Firewood Collectors. Workers in subsistence agriculture who perform a
limited range of simple and routine tasks, usually under the direction of
others, are classified in the relevant unit group in Sub-major Group 92:
Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers.
Minor
Group 633
Subsistence
Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmers
Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers
grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, vegetables and fruit; gather
wild fruits, medicinal and other plants; tend or hunt animals; and/or catch
fish and gather various forms of aquatic life in order to provide food, shelter
and, in some cases, a minimum of cash income for themselves and their
households.
Tasks performed usually include: preparing the
soil, sowing, planting, tending and harvesting field crops; growing vegetables, fruit and other tree and
shrub crops; gathering wild fruits, medicinal and other plants; breeding, tending and feeding animals and
poultry mainly to obtain meat, eggs, milk, hair, skin or other products; fetching water and gathering firewood; storing produce for later use and carrying
out some processing of produce; building
and maintaining houses and other shelters; making tools, clothes and utensils
for use by the household; selling or
bartering some products at local markets.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
6330 Subsistence Mixed
Crop and Livestock Farmers
6330 Subsistence Mixed Crop
and Livestock Farmers
Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers
grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, vegetables and fruit; gather
wild fruits, medicinal and other plants; tend or hunt animals; and/or catch
fish and gather various forms of aquatic life in order to provide food, shelter
and, in some cases, a minimum of cash
income for themselves and their households.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing the soil, sowing, planting, tending and harvesting field
crops;
(b)
growing vegetables, fruit and other tree and shrub crops;
(c)
gathering wild fruits, medicinal and other plants;
(d)
breeding, tending and feeding animals and poultry mainly to obtain meat,
eggs, milk, hair, skin or other products;
(e)
fetching water and gathering firewood;
(f)
storing produce for later use and carrying out some processing of
produce;
(g)
building and maintaining houses and other shelters;
(h)
making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household;
(i)
selling or bartering some products at local markets.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Mixed subsistence farmer
Notes
Workers in a subsistence setting whose main tasks
are fetching water and gathering firewood are classified in Unit Group 9624:
Water and Firewood Collectors. Workers in subsistence agriculture who perform a
limited range of simple and routine tasks, usually under the direction of
others, are classified in the relevant unit group in Sub-major Group 92:
Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers.
Minor
Group 634
Subsistence
Fishers, Hunters, Trappers and Gatherers
Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and
gatherers gather wild fruits, medicinal and other plants; hunt and trap animals;
and catch fish and gather various forms of aquatic life in order to provide
food, shelter and, in some cases, a minimum of cash income for themselves and
their households.
Tasks performed usually include: gathering wild
fruits, roots, medicinal and other plants; hunting or trapping animals mainly
to obtain meat, milk, hair, skin or other products; fetching water and
gathering firewood; catching fish and gathering other forms of aquatic life;
storing or carrying out some processing of their produce; building and
maintaining houses and other shelters; making tools, clothes and utensils for
use by the household; selling or bartering some products at local markets.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
6340 Subsistence
Fishers, Hunters, Trappers and Gatherers
6340 Subsistence Fishers, Hunters,
Trappers and Gatherers
Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and
gatherers gather wild fruits, medicinal and other plants; hunt and trap animals;
and catch fish and gather various forms of aquatic life in order to provide
food, shelter and, in some cases, a minimum of cash income for themselves and
their households.
Tasks include –
(a) gathering wild fruits, roots, medicinal and
other plants;
(b)
hunting or trapping animals mainly to obtain meat, milk, hair, skin or
other products;
(c)
fetching water and gathering firewood;
(d)
catching fish and gathering other forms of aquatic life;
(e)
storing or carrying out some processing of their produce;
(f)
building and maintaining houses and other shelters;
(g)
making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household;
(h)
selling or bartering some products at local markets.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Hunter-gatherer
▪ Subsistence collector
▪ Subsistence diver
▪ Subsistence fisher
▪ Subsistence trapper
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Subsistence crop farmer – 6310
▪
Subsistence livestock farmer – 6320
▪
Livestock farm labourer – 9212
▪ Water
and firewood collector – 9624
Notes
Workers in a subsistence setting whose main tasks
are fetching water and gathering firewood are classified in Unit Group 9624:
Water and Firewood Collectors. Workers in subsistence agriculture who perform a
limited range of simple and routine tasks, usually under the direction of
others, are classified in the relevant unit group in Sub-major Group 92:
Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers.
Craft and related trades workers apply specific
technical and practical knowledge and skills to construct and maintain
buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit,
maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and
produce or process foodstuffs, textiles, wooden, metal and other articles,
including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this
major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.
The work is carried out by hand and by
hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical
effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality
of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the
production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of
the final product.
Tasks performed by craft and related trades
workers usually include: constructing, maintaining and repairing buildings and
other structures; casting, welding and shaping metal; installing and erecting
heavy metal structures, tackle and related equipment; making machinery, tools,
equipment and other metal articles; setting for operators, or setting and
operating various machine tools; fitting, maintaining and repairing industrial
machinery, engines, vehicles, electrical and electronic instruments and other
equipment; making precision instruments, jewellery, household and other
precious metal articles, pottery, glass and related products; producing
handicrafts; executing printing work; producing and processing foodstuffs and
various articles made of wood, textiles, leather and related materials.
Supervision of other workers may be included.
Self-employed craft and related trades workers, who operate their own
businesses either independently or with assistance from a small number of
others, may also perform a range of tasks associated with management of the
business, account and record keeping and client service, although such tasks
would not normally comprise the major component of the work.
Occupations in this major group are classified
into the following sub-major groups:
71 Building and
Related Trades Workers (excluding electricians)
72 Metal, Machinery
and Related Trades Workers
73 Handicraft and
Printing Workers
74 Electrical and
Electronics Trades Workers
75 Food Processing,
Woodworking, Garment and Other Craft and Related Trades Workers
Sub-major Group 71
Building and Related
Trades Workers (excluding Electricians)
Building and related trades workers construct,
maintain and repair buildings; erect and repair foundations, walls and
structures of brick, stone and similar materials; shape and finish stone for
building and other purposes. Competent performance in most occupations in this
sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.
The work is carried out by hand and by
hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical
effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality
of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization,
the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: constructing, maintaining and repairing buildings and
other structures, using traditional and/or modern building techniques;
constructing and repairing foundations, walls and structures of brick, stone
and similar materials; breaking quarried stone into slabs or blocks; cutting,
shaping and finishing stone for building, ornamental, monumental and other
purposes; erecting reinforced concrete frameworks and structures as well as
finishing and repairing cement surfaces; cutting, shaping, assembling and maintaining
wooden structures and fittings; performing miscellaneous construction and
building maintenance tasks. Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
711 Building Frame and
Related Trades Workers
712 Building Finishers
and Related Trades Workers
713 Painters, Building
Structure Cleaners and Related Trades Workers
Minor
Group 711
Building
Frame and Related Trades Workers
Building frame and related trades workers
construct, maintain and repair buildings; erect and repair foundations, walls
and structures of brick, stone and similar materials; shape and finish stone
for building and other purposes; and perform miscellaneous construction and
building maintenance tasks.
Tasks performed usually include: constructing,
maintaining and repairing buildings and other structures by using traditional
and/or modern building techniques; constructing and repairing foundations,
walls and structures of brick, stone and similar materials; breaking quarried
stone into slabs or blocks; cutting, shaping and finishing stone for building,
ornamental, monumental and other purposes; erecting reinforced concrete
frameworks and structures as well as finishing and repairing cement surfaces;
cutting, shaping, assembling and maintaining wooden structures and fittings;
performing miscellaneous construction and building maintenance tasks.
Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7111 House Builders
7112 Bricklayers and
Related Workers
7113 Stonemasons,
Stone cutters, Splitters and Carvers
7114 Concrete Placers,
Concrete Finishers and Related Workers
7115 Carpenters and
Joiners
7119 Building Frame
and Related Trades Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
7111 House Builders
House builders erect, maintain and repair
houses and similar small buildings using either traditional or modern
techniques and materials.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing ground for erecting building or other structures;
(b)
erecting structures to support roofs, and building and covering walls
with appropriate materials;
(c)
fixing rafters to roofs and covering with roofing material;
(d)
levelling floors to make them smooth and serviceable;
(e)
maintaining and repairing existing structures;
(f)
arranging for specialized work such as bricklaying, painting, plumbing
and electrical wiring to be done by subcontractors;
(g)
coordinating and supervising the activities of subcontractors, labourers
and other workers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ House builder
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Construction project manager –
1323
▪ Project builder – 1323
▪ Construction supervisor – 3123
7112 Bricklayers and Related Workers
Bricklayers and related workers lay bricks,
pre-cut stones and other types of building blocks in mortar to construct and
repair walls, partitions, arches and other structures.
Tasks include –
(a)
laying stone, brick and similar building blocks to construct or repair
walls, partitions, fireplaces and other structures such as smokestacks,
furnaces, converters, kilns and ovens, piers and abutments;
(b)
laying footpaths, kerbs and pavements;
(c)
laying bricks or other masonry to build patios, garden walls and other
decorative installations.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Block layer
▪ Bricklayer
▪ Chimney builder
▪ Refractory bricklayer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Stonemason – 7113
7113 Stonemasons, Stone Cutters,
Splitters and Carvers
Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and
carvers cut and shape hard and soft stone blocks and slabs for the construction
and maintenance of stone structures and monumental masonry, and carve designs
and figures in stone.
Tasks include –
(a)
driving wedges into quarried stone to break it into slabs or blocks;
(b)
selecting and grading slabs and blocks of granite, marble and other
stone;
(c)
cutting, shaping and finishing building and monumental stone such as
granite or marble using hand tools or hand-held power tools;
(d)
making patterns and marking shapes on stone for subsequent sawing,
planing, drilling and other dressing and cutting operations;
(e)
cutting and carving characters, figures or designs on stone blocks used
for monuments or memorials;
(f)
setting stone in the erection of monuments and memorials;
(g)
repairing and replacing stonework on old buildings, churches and
monuments.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Granite cutter
▪ Stone carver
▪ Stone cutter
▪ Stone polisher (hand or
hand-powered tools)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Wall and floor tile setters – 7122
▪ Machine operator (stone cutting or
processing) – 8112
7114 Concrete Placers, Concrete
Finishers and Related Workers
Concrete placers, concrete finishers and
related workers erect reinforced concrete frameworks and structures, make forms
for moulding concrete, reinforce concrete surfaces, cement openings in walls or
casings for wells, finish and repair cement surfaces and carry out terrazzo
work.
Tasks include –
(a)
constructing and repairing reinforced concrete floors, walls, tanks,
silos and other concrete structures;
(b)
making shuttering or assembling prefabricated forms for moulding
concrete;
(c)
cementing openings in walls or casings for wells;
(d)
finishing and smoothing surfaces of concrete structures;
(e)
applying a durable smooth surfacing composed of cement, sand pigment and
marble particles to floors, known as a terrazzo finish.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cement finisher
▪ Concrete placer
▪ Terrazzo worker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Concrete finishing machine
operator – 8114
▪ Road surface laying machinery
operator – 8342
7115 Carpenters and Joiners
Carpenters and joiners cut, shape, assemble,
erect, maintain and repair various types of structures and fittings made from
wood and other materials.
Tasks include –
(a)
making, altering and repairing structural and other woodwork at a
workbench or on a construction site;
(b)
constructing, erecting and installing heavy-framed wooden structures on
building sites;
(c)
fitting, assembling and altering internal and external fixtures of
buildings, such as walls, doors, door and window frames, facings and panelling;
(d)
making, repairing and fitting scenic equipment for theatrical
performances and motion picture or television productions;
(e)
constructing, assembling, altering and repairing wooden fixtures and
fittings in train coaches, aircraft, ships, boats, floats and other vehicles.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Carpenter
▪ Door installer
▪ Finish carpenter
▪ Framer
▪ Joiner
▪ Shipwright (wood)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Cabinet-maker – 7522
▪ Wheelwright – 7522
7119 Building Frame and Related
Trades Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers building frame and
related trades workers not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 711: Building Frame
and Related Trades Workers. For instance, the unit group includes steeplejacks,
scaffolders and demolition workers.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
climbing and performing miscellaneous construction and building
maintenance work on tall structures such as towers, chimneys and spires;
(b)
erecting temporary metal or wooden scaffolding on building sites;
(c)
demolishing buildings and other structures.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Building wrecker
▪ Prefabricated building assembler
▪ Scaffolder
▪ Skilled demolition worker
▪ Steeplejack
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Construction labourer (building
work) – 9313
▪ Demolition labourer – 9313
Minor
Group 712
Building
Finishers and Related Trades Workers
Building finishers and related trades workers
cover, apply or install, maintain and repair roofs, floors, walls, insulation
systems, glass in windows or other frames, as well as plumbing, piping and
electrical systems in buildings and other structures.
Tasks performed usually include: covering roof
frameworks with one or more kinds of material; installing parquet and other
kinds of flooring, or covering floors and walls with tiles or mosaic panels;
applying plaster to walls and ceilings; applying insulating material to walls,
floors and ceilings; cutting, fitting and setting glass in windows and similar
openings; installing plumbing and pipeline systems; installing electrical
wiring and related equipment. Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7121 Roofers
7122 Floor Layers and
Tile Setters
7123 Plasterers
7124 Insulation
Workers
7125 Glaziers
7126 Plumbers and Pipe
Fitters
7127 Air Conditioning
and Refrigeration Mechanics
7121 Roofers
Roofers build and repair roofs on all types of
buildings, using one or more kinds of material.
Tasks include –
(a)
studying drawings, specifications and construction sites to determine
materials required;
(b)
covering roof frameworks with slate and prefabricated tiles to cover
pitched roofs;
(c)
laying a waterproof shield and fixing metallic or synthetic materials to
a building’s frame;
(d)
sizing and cutting roofing materials to fit around edges, corners and
protuberances such as chimneys;
(e)
using natural materials such as thatching to provide roof coverings;
(f)
creating temporary structures such as scaffolding and ladders.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Asphalt roofer
▪ Metal roofer
▪ Roof fixer
▪ Roof tiler
▪ Slate roofer
▪ Thatcher
Note
Installers
of metal roofing are classified in Unit Group 7121: Roofers. Workers who make sheet metal products for
adaptation and installation by roofers are classified in Unit Group 7213: Sheet
Metal Workers.
7122 Floor Layers and Tile Setters
Floor layers and tile setters install, maintain
and repair flooring, and cover floors, walls and other surfaces with carpets,
tiles or mosaic panels for decorative or other purposes.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing floor areas for covering with a variety of materials;
(b)
assembling carpet, tiles or other materials and laying them on floors
according to design and other specifications;
(c)
preparing wall areas for covering with tiles or other materials for
decorative or other purposes such as acoustic insulation;
(d)
setting tiles and constructing and laying mosaic panels to walls, floors
and other surfaces.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Carpet layer
▪ Marble setter
▪ Parquetry worker
▪ Tile setter
7123 Plasterers
Plasterers install, maintain and repair
plasterboard in buildings, and apply decorative and protective coverings of
plaster, cement and similar material to the interiors and exteriors of
structures.
Tasks include –
(a)
applying one or more coats of plaster to interior walls and ceilings of
buildings to produce a finished surface;
(b)
measuring, marking and installing ornamental plaster panels, and casting
and trimming ornamental plaster cornices;
(c)
measuring, marking and cutting plasterboard, lifting and positioning
panels and securing them to walls, ceilings and battens;
(d) covering
joins and nail holes with wet plaster and sealing compounds, and smoothing them
using wet brushes and sandpaper;
(e)
applying protective and decorative coverings of cement, plaster and
similar materials to exterior building surfaces;
(f) making and installing decorative plaster
fixtures of fibrous plaster;
(g) applying
and finishing acoustic, insulating and fireproofing materials bonded with
plaster, plastic cement and similar materials.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dry wall
plasterer
▪ Fibrous plasterer
▪ Ornamental plasterer
▪ Plasterer
▪ Solid plasterer
▪ Stucco plasterer
7124 Insulation Workers
Insulation workers apply and repair insulating
materials to buildings, boilers, pipes or refrigeration and air conditioning
equipment.
Tasks include –
(a)
cutting insulation material by size and shape;
(b)
applying slabs and sheets of insulating or sound-absorbing materials to
walls, floors and ceilings of buildings;
(c) blowing
and packing insulating or sound-absorbing materials into cavities between
walls, floors and ceilings of buildings with power-driven machines;
(d)
examining plans, specifications and work sites to determine the type,
quality and quantity of insulation material required;
(e)
applying insulating materials to exposed surfaces of equipment such as
boilers, pipes and tanks;
(f)
insulating refrigeration and air conditioning equipment.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Acoustic insulation worker
▪ Boiler and pipe insulation worker
▪ Insulation installer
▪ Insulation worker
▪ Refrigeration and air conditioning
equipment insulation worker
7125 Glaziers
Glaziers measure, cut, finish, fit and install
flat glass and mirrors.
Tasks include –
(a)
selecting the type of glass to be used, cutting to right size and shape
and installing in windows, doors, showers and partitions of buildings;
(b)
installing glass and mirrors in skylights, display cases, interior walls
and ceilings;
(c)
installing or replacing windscreens in vehicles or boats;
(d)
creating decorative glass features such as glass walls, staircases,
balustrades and stained-glass windows.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Autoglazier
▪ Glazier
▪ Roofing glazier
▪ Vehicle glazier
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Glass cutter – 7315
▪ Glass finisher – 7315
7126 Plumbers and Pipe Fitters
Plumbers and pipe fitters assemble, install,
repair and maintain pipe systems, drains, gutters, ducts and related fittings
and fixtures for water, gas, drainage, sewerage, heating, cooling and
ventilation systems, and for hydraulic and pneumatic equipment.
Tasks include –
(a)
examining blueprints, drawings and specifications to determine the
layout of plumbing and ventilation systems and materials required;
(b) measuring,
cutting, threading, bending, jointing, assembling, installing, maintaining and
repairing pipes, fittings and fixtures of drainage, heating, ventilation, water
supply and sewerage systems;
(c)
installing gas appliances, dishwashers and water heaters, sinks and
toilets using hand and power tools;
(d)
laying clay, concrete or cast-iron pipes in ditches to form sewers,
drains or water mains, or for other purposes;
(e)
inspecting, examining and testing installed systems and pipes, using
pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation or other methods.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Drain technician
▪ Gas fitter
▪ Pipe fitter
▪ Pipe layer
▪ Plumber
▪ Ventilation pipe fitter
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Air conditioning and refrigeration
mechanics – 7127
Notes
Installers
of metal drains, gutters and ducts are classified in Unit Group 7126: Plumbers and Pipe Fitters. Workers who make sheet metal products for
adaptation and installation plumbers are classified in Unit Group 7213: Sheet Metal Workers.
7127 Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
Mechanics
Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics
assemble, install, maintain and repair air conditioning and refrigeration
systems and equipment.
Tasks include –
(a)
interpreting blueprints, drawings and other specifications;
(b)
assembling, installing and repairing components such as compressors,
motors, condensers, evaporators, switches and gauges for air conditioning and
refrigeration systems;
(c)
connecting piping and equipment by bolting, riveting, welding or
brazing;
(d)
testing systems, diagnosing faults and performing routine maintenance or
servicing.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Air conditioning equipment
mechanic
▪ Refrigeration mechanic
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Plumber and pipe fitter – 7126
▪ Ventilation pipe fitter – 7126
Minor
group 713
Painters,
Building Structure Cleaners and Related Trades Workers
Painters, building structure cleaners and
related trades workers prepare surfaces and apply paint and similar materials
to buildings and other structures, vehicles or various manufactured articles.
They cover interior walls and ceilings with wallpaper, and clean chimneys and
exterior surfaces of buildings and other structures.
Tasks performed usually include: preparing
surfaces and applying paint and similar materials to buildings and other structures;
applying paint or varnish to vehicles or various manufactured articles, usually
with a hand-spraying device; covering interior walls and ceilings with
wallpaper, silk or other fabrics; cleaning chimneys; cleaning exterior surfaces
of buildings and other structures. Supervision of other workers may be
included.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7131 Painters and
Related Workers
7132 Spray Painters
and Varnishers
7133 Building
Structure Cleaners
7131 Painters and Related Workers
Painters and related workers prepare surfaces
of buildings and other structures for painting, apply protective and decorative
coats of paint or similar materials, or cover interior walls and ceilings of
buildings with wallpaper or other finishes.
Tasks include –
(a)
cleaning and preparing walls and other surfaces of buildings for
painting or wallpapering;
(b)
selecting and preparing paints to required colours by mixing pigments
and additives;
(c)
applying or spraying paint, varnish and similar materials to surfaces,
fixtures and fittings of buildings;
(d)
measuring and hanging wallpaper or other fabrics on interior walls and
ceilings;
(e)
applying paints, varnishes and stains to surfaces using brushes, rollers
and sprays.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Building painter
▪ Paperhanger
7132 Spray Painters and Varnishers
Spray painters and varnishers operate spray
painting and varnishing equipment to apply protective coatings to manufactured
items or structures.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing surfaces to be coated using a variety of methods to remove
grease, dirt and rust;
(b)
painting cars, buses, trucks and other vehicles, and applying varnish
and other protective coatings;
(c)
applying paint as well as protective coatings of enamel or varnish on
metal, wooden and other manufactured products, usually with a hand-spraying
device.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Manufactured articles painter
▪ Varnisher
▪ Vehicle painter
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Building painter – 7131
▪ Decorative painter – 7316
▪ Signwriter – 7316
▪ Wood treater – 7521
▪ Metal
coating machine operator – 8122
7133 Building Structure Cleaners
Building structure cleaners clean exterior
surfaces of buildings and other structures, and remove soot from chimneys.
Tasks include –
(a)
cleaning exterior surfaces of stone, brick, metal or similar materials
by means of chemicals, or a jet of steam or sand applied under high pressure;
(b)
removing soot from flues, chimneys and connecting pipes;
(c)
removing asbestos, mould and fire-damaged surfaces from buildings.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Building exteriors cleaner
▪ Chimney sweep
▪ Sandblaster (building exteriors)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Graffiti cleaner – 9129
▪ Water blaster – 9129
Sub-major Group 72
Metal, Machinery
and Related Trades Workers
Metal, machinery and related trades workers
cast, weld, forge and, by other methods, form metal; erect, maintain and repair
heavy metal structures; engage in machine-tool setting as well as in fitting,
maintaining and repairing machinery including engines and vehicles; or they
produce tools and various non-precious metal articles. Competent performance in
most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO
skill level.
The work is carried out by hand and by
hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical
effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality
of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization,
materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: making moulds and
cores for casting metal; casting, welding and shaping metal; installing, erecting, maintaining and
repairing heavy metal structures, tackle
and related equipment; forging and forming steel and other non-precious
metals to make and repair machinery, tools, equipment and other articles;
setting for operators or setting and
operating various machine tools; fitting, maintaining and repairing industrial
machinery, including engines and vehicles. Supervision of other workers may be
included.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
721 Sheet and
Structural Metal Workers, Moulders and Welders, and Related Workers
722 Blacksmiths,
Toolmakers and Related Trades Workers
723 Machinery
Mechanics and Repairers
Minor
Group 721
Sheet
and Structural Metal Workers, Moulders and Welders, and Related Workers
Sheet and structural metal workers, moulders
and welders, and related workers, make moulds and cores for casting metal, weld
and cut metal parts, make and repair articles of sheet metal, and install,
erect, maintain and repair heavy metal structures, tackle, cable cars and
related equipment.
Tasks performed usually include: making moulds
and cores for casting metal; casting, welding and shaping metal parts; making
and repairing articles of sheet metal such as sheet steel, copper, tin or
brass; installing, erecting, maintaining and repairing heavy metal structures
as well as tackle, cable cars and related equipment.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7211 Metal Moulders
and Coremakers
7212 Welders and Flame
Cutters
7213 Sheet Metal
Workers
7214 Structural Metal
Preparers and Erectors
7215 Riggers and Cable
Splicers
7211 Metal Moulders and Coremakers
Metal moulders and coremakers make moulds and
cores for casting metal.
Tasks include –
(a)
making moulds by hand or using auxiliary machines on a bench for small
metal castings, on the foundry floor, or in a pit for large castings;
(b)
making cores for use in metal moulds;
(c)
cleaning and smoothing moulds, core boxes, and repairing surface
imperfections;
(d)
moving and positioning work pieces such as mould sections, patterns and
bottom boards, using cranes, or signalling others to move work pieces;
(e)
positioning patterns inside mould sections and clamping sections
together;
(f)
cutting spouts, runner holes and sprue holes into moulds;
(g)
lifting upper mould sections from lower sections and remove moulded
patterns.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Coremaker
▪ Metal casting moulder
7212 Welders and Flame Cutters
Welders and flame cutters weld and cut metal
parts using gas flame, electric arc and other sources of heat to melt and cut,
or to melt and fuse metal.
Tasks include –
(a) welding
metal parts using gas flame, or an electric arc, thermite compound or other
methods;
(b)
operating resistance-welding machines;
(c)
using blowtorches to make and repair lead linings, pipes, floors and
other lead fixtures;
(d)
brazing metal parts together;
(e)
cutting metal pieces using gas flame or an electric arc;
(f)
joining metal parts by hand soldering;
(g)
monitoring the fitting, burning and welding processes to avoid
overheating of parts or warping, shrinking, distortion or expansion of
material;
(h)
examining work pieces for defects and measuring work pieces with
straight edges or templates to ensure conformity with specifications.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Brazier
▪ Flame cutter
▪ Welder
7213 Sheet Metal Workers
Sheet metal workers make, install and repair
articles and parts of articles made out of sheet metal such as sheet steel,
copper, tin, brass, aluminium, zinc or galvanized iron.
Tasks include –
(a)
marking sheet metal for cutting and shaping;
(b)
making and repairing household utensils and other articles in tin,
copper and light alloys, or ornamental articles and fittings;
(c)
making and repairing boilers, tanks, vats and similar containers;
(d)
installing and repairing sheet metal parts of vehicles and aircraft;
(e)
converting blueprints into shop drawings to be followed in the
construction and assembly of sheet metal products;
(f) determining
project requirements, including scope, assembly sequences and required methods
and materials, according to blueprints, drawings and written or verbal
instructions;
(g)
inspecting product quality and installation to ensure conformity with
specifications.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Boilersmith
▪ Coppersmith
▪ Panel beater
▪ Tinsmith
Notes
Installers
of metal roofing are classified in Unit Group 7121: Roofers. Installers of metal drains, gutters and ducts
are classified in Unit Group 7126: Plumbers and Pipe Fitters. Workers who make sheet metal products for
adaptation and installation by roofers and plumbers are classified in Unit Group
7213: Sheet Metal Workers.
7214 Structural Metal Preparers
and Erectors
Structural metal preparers and erectors
assemble, erect and dismantle structural metal frames of buildings and other
structures.
Tasks include –
(a)
marking metal framework as a guide when drilling cutting, and shaping
metal stock for use in buildings, ships and other structures;
(b)
drilling, cutting and shaping structural steel in a workshop;
(c)
erecting steel framework for buildings, bridges and other constructions;
(d)
assembling and erecting the framework and other metal parts of ships’
structures;
(e)
shaping and fitting structural steel plates of ships under construction
or repair;
(f)
riveting structural metal members by hand, machine or pneumatic riveter.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Erector, structural metal
▪ Preparer, structural metal
▪ Riveter
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Rivet production machine operator
– 7223
7215 Riggers and Cable Splicers
Riggers and cable splicers assemble rigging
gear to move and position equipment and structural components, or install and
maintain cables, ropes and wires on construction sites, buildings or other
structures.
Tasks include –
(a)
estimating the size, shape and weight of objects to be moved and
deciding on the type of equipment to move them;
(b)
installing and repairing cables, ropes, wires, pulleys and other tackle;
(c)
joining, repairing and fitting attachments to wires, ropes and cables;
(d)
working as member of a crew erecting and repairing derricks for drilling
water, gas and oil wells;
(e)
lifting and mounting scenery, lighting and other equipment in theatres
and on film sets;
(f)
installing and maintaining communication towers, aerial cableways,
funicular railways, ski lifts and similar infrastructure.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cable and rope splicer
▪ Rigger
▪ Ship rigger
▪ Theatrical rigger
▪ Tower rigger
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Cable splicing machine operator –
8189
▪ Crane, hoist and related plant
operators – 8343
Minor
Group 722
Blacksmiths,
Toolmakers and Related Trades Workers
Blacksmiths, toolmakers and related trades
workers hammer and forge bars, rods or ingots of iron, steel and other metals
to make and repair various kinds of tools, equipment and other articles; set
machine tools for operators, or set and operate various machine tools; and
polish and sharpen surfaces.
Tasks performed usually include: hammering and
forging iron, steel and other metals to make and repair various kinds of tools,
equipment and other articles; setting machine tools for operators, or setting
and operating various machine tools working to fine tolerances; polishing and
sharpening metal surfaces and tools.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7221 Blacksmiths,
Hammersmiths and Forging Press Workers
7222 Toolmakers and
Related Workers
7223 Metal Working
Machine Tool Setters and Operators
7224 Metal Polishers,
Wheel Grinders and Tool Sharpeners
7221 Blacksmiths, Hammersmiths
and Forging Press Workers
Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forging press
workers hammer and forge bars, rods, ingots and plates of iron, steel or other
metals, and draw wire to make and repair various kinds of tools, metal
articles, pieces of equipment, and agricultural and related implements.
Tasks include –
(a)
heating metal in forge furnaces and manufacturing and repairing articles
by drawing, bending, cutting, hammering
metal on an anvil, punching, shearing, joining and hardening or tempering;
(b)
shaping heated metal into forgings on power hammers equipped with open
dies;
(c)
operating closed-die drop hammers to forge metal articles;
(d)
operating a power-press machine equipped with closed dies to forge metal
articles;
(e)
drawing wire;
(f)
reading work orders or blueprints to determine specified tolerances and
sequences of operations for machine setup;
(g)
measuring and inspecting machine parts to ensure conformity with product
specifications.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Blacksmith
▪ Drop hammer
worker
▪ Forging
press worker
▪
Hammersmith
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Casting
machine operator – 7223
▪ Machine tool
operator – 7223
7222 Toolmakers and Related Workers
Toolmakers and related workers make and repair
custom-made and specialized tools, sports guns, locks, dies, patterns,
machinery components and other metal articles using hand and machine tools to
work metal to fine tolerances.
Tasks include –
(a)
reading and interpreting engineering drawings and specifications of
tools, dies, prototypes or models;
(b)
preparing templates and sketches, and determining work processes;
(c)
visualizing and computing dimensions, sizes, shapes and tolerances of
assemblies, based on specifications;
(d)
positioning, securing and measuring metal stock or castings to lay out
for machining;
(e)
setting up, operating and maintaining conventional and computer
numerically controlled machine tools to cut, turn, mill, plane, drill, bore,
grind or otherwise shape work pieces to prescribed dimensions and finish;
(f)
fitting and assembling parts to make and repair jigs, fixtures and
gauges;
(g)
repairing and modifying sports guns and other small arms;
(h)
making, fitting, assembling, repairing and installing lock parts and
locks;
(i)
making and repairing metal patterns for preparation of foundry moulds;
(j)
laying out lines and reference points on metal stock to guide other
workers who cut, turn, mill, grind or otherwise shape metal;
(k)
verifying dimensions, alignments and clearances of finished parts for
conformity with specifications, using precision measuring instruments and
testing completed items for proper operation.
Examples of the occupations classified here:
▪ Die maker
▪ Gunsmith
▪ Jig maker
▪ Locksmith
▪
Patternmaker
▪ Toolmaker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Tool
production machine operator – 7223
7223 Metal Working Machine Tool
Setters and Operators
Metal working machine tool setters and
operators set and/or operate various machine tools, working to fine tolerances.
Tasks include –
(a)
setting one or more types of machine tool for production of metal
articles in standardized series;
(b)
operating and monitoring metal working machines such as lathes, milling,
planing, boring, drilling, grinding or honing machines, including multipurpose
numerically controlled metal working machines;
(c)
performing similar tasks when machining plastics and other metal
substitutes;
(d)
observing machine operations to detect work piece defects or machine
malfunctions, and adjusting machines as necessary;
(e)
inspecting work pieces for defects, and measuring work pieces to
determine accuracy of machine operation, using rules, templates or other
measuring instruments;
(f)
changing worn machine accessories such as cutting tools and brushes,
using hand tools.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Boring
machine operator
▪ Casting machine operator
▪ Machine
tool operator
▪ Machine
tool setter
▪ Machine
tool setter–operator
▪ Metal
turner
▪ Rivet production machine operator
▪ Tool
production machine operator
7224 Metal Polishers, Wheel Grinders
and Tool Sharpeners
Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool
sharpeners polish and grind metal surfaces and sharpen tools.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating fixed or portable buffing and polishing machines;
(b)
sharpening cutting tools and instruments using grinding wheels or
mechanically operated grinding machines;
(c)
repairing, adjusting and sharpening saw blades and metal teeth of
cylinders in textile carding machines;
(d)
dressing grinding wheels according to specifications;
(e)
monitoring machine operations to determine whether adjustments are
necessary, and stopping machines when problems occur;
(f) inspecting, feeling and measuring work pieces
to ensure that surfaces and dimensions meet specifications;
(g)
selecting and mounting grinding wheels on machines according to
specifications, using hand tools and applying knowledge of abrasives and
grinding procedures.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Knife
sharpener
▪ Metal
finisher
▪ Metal
polisher
▪ Tool
grinder
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Metal
finishing machine operator – 8122
▪ Metal
polishing machine operator – 8122
Minor
Group 723
Machinery
Mechanics and Repairers
Machinery mechanics and repairers fit, install,
maintain and repair engines, vehicles, agricultural or industrial machinery and
similar mechanical equipment.
Tasks performed usually include: fitting,
installing, maintaining and repairing engines, vehicles, agricultural or
industrial machinery and similar mechanical equipment.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7231 Motor Vehicle
Mechanics and Repairers
7232 Aircraft Engine
Mechanics and Repairers
7233 Agricultural and
Industrial Machinery Mechanics and Repairers
7234 Bicycle and
Related Repairers
Notes
Occupations are classified in Major Group 8: Plant
and Machine Operators and Assemblers if the tasks call mainly for experience
with and an understanding of the machinery operated and monitored. Occupations
are classified in Major Group 9: Elementary Occupations if the tasks are of a
simple and routine nature, mainly entail the use of hand-held tools, some
physical effort, little or no previous experience and understanding of the work
and limited initiative or judgement.
7231 Motor Vehicle Mechanics
and Repairers
Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers fit,
install, maintain, service and repair engines and the mechanical and related
equipment of passenger cars, delivery trucks, motorcycles and other motor
vehicles.
Tasks include –
(a)
detecting and diagnosing faults in engines and parts;
(b)
fitting, examining, testing and servicing motor vehicle and motorcycle
engines;
(c)
replacing engine components or complete engines;
(d)
fitting, examining, adjusting, dismantling, rebuilding and replacing
defective parts of motor vehicles;
(e)
installing or adjusting motors and brakes, and adjusting steering or
other parts of motor vehicles;
(f)
installing, adjusting, servicing and replacing mechatronics components
of motor vehicles;
(g) performing scheduled maintenance services,
such as oil changes, lubrications and engine tune-ups, to achieve smoother
running of vehicles and ensure compliance with pollution regulations;
(h)
reassembling engines and parts after being repaired.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Automotive brakes systems service
technician
▪ Diesel fitter (road transport)
▪ Engine fitter (motor vehicle)
▪ Garage mechanic
▪ Moped repairer
▪ Motorcycle mechanic
▪ Motorized rickshaw mechanic
▪ Motor vehicle engine and fuel
systems service technician
▪ Motor vehicle mechanic
▪ Motor vehicle mechatronics service
technician
▪ Motor vehicle repairer
▪ Motor vehicle service technician
▪ Small engine mechanic
Some related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Bicycle repairer – 7234
▪ Automotive electrician – 7412
▪ Electrical mechanic – 7412
▪ Motor vehicle engine assembler –
8211
7232 Aircraft Engine Mechanics
and Repairers
Aircraft engine mechanics and repairers fit,
service, repair and overhaul aircraft engines and assemblies, such as airframes
and hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
Tasks include –
(a)
fitting, examining, testing and servicing aircraft engines;
(b)
replacing engine components or complete engines;
(c)
examining and inspecting airframes and aircraft components, including
landing gear, hydraulic systems and de-icers to detect wear, cracks, breaks,
leaks or other problems;
(d)
maintaining, repairing, overhauling, modifying and testing aircraft structural,
mechanical and hydraulic systems;
(e)
reading and interpreting manuals, service bulletins and other
specifications to determine the feasibility and method of repairing or
replacing malfunctioning or damaged components;
(f)
maintaining, repairing and rebuilding aircraft structures, functional
components and parts such as wings and fuselage, rigging, hydraulic units,
oxygen systems, fuel systems, electrical systems, gaskets and seals;
(g)
inspecting completed work to certify that maintenance meets standards
and the aircraft is ready for operation;
(h)
maintaining repair logs, documenting all preventive and corrective
aircraft maintenance;
(i) installing and testing electrical and
electronic components, assemblies and systems in aircraft;
(j) connecting components to assemblies such as
radio systems, instruments, magnetos, inverters and in-flight refuelling
systems.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Aeromechanic
▪ Aircraft engine fitter
▪ Aircraft maintenance engineer
(airframes)
▪ Aircraft maintenance engineer
(engines)
▪ Aircraft maintenance supervisor
▪ Aircraft mechanic
▪ Aircraft restorer
▪ Aircraft service technician
▪ Airframe and power plant mechanic
▪ Airframe mechanic
▪ Aviation maintenance technician,
▪ Helicopter mechanic
▪ Jet engine mechanic
▪ Pneudraulic systems mechanic
(aircraft)
▪ Powerplant mechanic (aircraft)
▪ Rocket engine component mechanic
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Aeronautical engineer – 2144
▪ Aircraft maintenance engineer
(avionics) – 7421
▪ Avionics technician – 7421
▪ Aircraft engine assembler – 8211
7233 Agricultural and Industrial
Machinery Mechanics and Repairers
Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics
and repairers fit, install, examine, service and repair engines, agricultural
and industrial machinery and mechanical equipment, except motor vehicle,
aircraft and electric motors.
Tasks include –
(a)
fitting, installing, examining, servicing and repairing engines,
machinery and mechanical equipment;
(b)
oiling and greasing stationary engines and machinery;
(c)
inspecting and testing new machinery and mechanical equipment for
conformity with standards and specifications;
(d)
disassembling machinery and equipment to remove parts and make repairs;
(e)
examining parts for defects such as breakage and excessive wear;
(f)
operating newly repaired machinery and equipment to verify the adequacy
of repairs;
(g)
recording repairs and maintenance performed.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Construction machinery mechanic
▪ Construction machinery repairer
▪ Farm machinery repairer
▪ Mining machinery fitter
▪ Mining machinery repairer
▪ Stationary engine fitter
▪ Stationary engine repairer
▪ Train engine fitter
▪ Train engine repairer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Air conditioning equipment
mechanic – 7127
▪ Electrical mechanic – 7412
▪ Mechanical machinery assembler –
8211
7234 Bicycle and Related Repairers
Bicycle and related repairers fit, maintain,
service and repair the mechanical and related equipment of bicycles, rickshaws,
baby carriages, wheelchairs and similar non-motorized transport equipment.
Tasks include –
(a)
examining, servicing and repairing bicycles and other non-motorized
transport equipment;
(b)
cleaning and lubricating bearings and other moving parts;
(c)
replacing and repairing components and accessories such as brakes,
gears, driving chain mechanisms, wheels and
handlebars;
(d)
changing tyres and controlling air pressure;
(e)
spray-painting frames;
(f)
assembling new bicycles, wheelchairs and similar non-motorized
equipment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bicycle mechanic
▪ Bicycle repairer
▪ Perambulator repairer
▪ Wheelchair repairer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Moped repairer – 7231
▪ Motorized rickshaw mechanic – 7231
Sub-major Group 73
Handicraft and Printing
workers
Handicraft and printing workers combine artistic
and manual skills to design, produce, maintain and decorate precision
instruments, musical instruments, jewellery and other precious metals,
pottery, porcelain and glassware, items made of wood or textile, leather or
related materials, and printed products such as books, newspapers and
magazines. They apply traditional and/or
recently developed techniques to carve, mould, assemble, weave and decorate
various articles; to compose and set
type prior to printing; to set up and operate printing presses; to bind and
finish printed products; and to prepare stencils and operate screen printing
equipment. Competent performance in most
occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill
level.
The work may be carried out by hand or involve
the use of hand tools and hand-held power tools, and in some cases the set-up
and operation of machinery and machine tools. The tasks call for an
understanding of the work organization, materials and tools used, and the
nature and purpose of the final product.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: making and
repairing nautical, meteorological, optical and other precision instruments and
equipment; making and repairing musical instruments; making jewellery and precious
metalware; making pottery, porcelain ware, ceramics and glassware; painting and
decorating various articles; producing handicraft articles in wood or textile, leather and
related materials; performing printing or book-binding tasks. Supervision of
other workers may be included.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
731 Handicraft Workers
732 Printing Trades
Workers
Minor
Group 731
Handicraft
Workers
Handicraft workers combine artistic and manual skills
to design, make, repair, adjust, maintain and decorate precision instruments,
musical instruments, jewellery and other precious metals, pottery and porcelain
ware. They apply traditional and/or recently developed techniques to carve,
mould, assemble, weave and decorate various glass, ceramics, textile, straw,
stone, wood and leather articles.
Tasks performed usually include: making,
calibrating, repairing, maintaining and installing musical and precision
instruments; fabricating, adjusting, repairing or appraising jewellery,
ceremonial or religious items, gold, silver, other precious metals or gems;
cutting, filing, polishing and setting precious and semi-precious stones
including gems and diamonds, and engraving designs on jewellery and precious metal
articles; preparing pottery, porcelain ware, sanitary ware, bricks, tiles and
abrasive wheels by hand or by machine; blowing, moulding, pressing, cutting,
trimming, grinding and polishing glass, or shaping molten glass according to
patterns; decorating articles made of wood, metal, textiles, glass, ceramics
and other materials, and planning, laying out and painting letters, figures,
monograms and designs to make signs; applying traditional techniques such as
seasoning or impregnation to prepare wood, straw, rattan, reed, stone, clay,
shells and other materials, and carving, moulding, assembling, weaving, or
painting and decorating various articles for personal or household use or for
decorative purposes; preparing materials to make wicker furniture, brushes and
brooms, and weaving various kinds of baskets; applying traditional techniques
and patterns to produce woven fabrics, knitted, embroidered and other garments
and household articles.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7311
Precision-instrument Makers and Repairers
7312 Musical
Instrument Makers and Tuners
7313 Jewellery and
Precious metal Workers
7314 Potters and
Related Workers
7315 Glass Makers,
Cutters, Grinders and Finishers
7316 Signwriters, Decorative
Painters, Engravers and Etchers
7317 Handicraft
Workers in Wood, Basketry and Related Materials
7318 Handicraft
Workers in Textile, Leather and Related Materials
7319 Handicraft
Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
7311 Precision-instrument Makers
and Repairers
Precision-instrument makers and repairers make,
calibrate, repair, maintain, adjust and install mechanical watches and clocks, and
nautical, meteorological, optical and other precision instruments and equipment,
and set them for correct performance.
Tasks include –
(a)
repairing, cleaning and adjusting mechanisms of timing instruments such
as watches and clocks;
(b)
adjusting timing regulators, using
calipers, watch-rate recorders and tweezers;
(c)
cleaning, rinsing and drying timepiece parts, using solutions and
ultrasonic or mechanical watch-cleaning machines;
(d)
testing timepiece accuracy and performance, using meters and other
electronic instruments;
(e)
testing accuracy of meters, gauges, indicators, or other recording or
controlling instruments to locate defective components and for conformity with
standards;
(f)
calibrating instruments or scales, using hand tools, computer or
electronic devices;
(g)
inspecting components, connections and drive mechanisms to detect defects;
(h)
assembling instruments and devices such as barometers, control valves,
gyroscopes, hygrometers, speedometers, tachometers and thermostats;
(i)
testing, calibrating and adjusting electronic, mercurial, aneroid and
other types of meteorological instruments for compliance with printed
specifications and schematic diagrams, using voltmeters, oscilloscopes, tube
testers and other test instruments;
(j)
adjusting and repairing masts, supporting structures, clearance lights,
control panels, control cabling and wiring, and other electrical and mechanical
devices;
(k)
repairing and setting optical instruments such as microscopes,
telescopes, theodolites and sextants;
(l)
checking whether assembled units conform to specifications and ensuring stipulated
performance and sensitivity by standard tests.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Instrument/meteorological maker
▪ Photographic equipment repairer
▪ Surgical instrument maker
▪ Watchmaker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Orthopaedic appliance maker – 3214
▪ Locksmith – 7222
▪ Machine tool operator – 7223
▪ Watch assembler – 8212
7312 Musical Instrument Makers
and Tuners
Musical instrument makers and tuners make,
assemble, repair, adjust and restore musical instruments and tune them to the
required pitch with hand or power tools. They usually specialize in one type of
instrument, such as stringed instruments, brass instruments, reed instruments,
pianos or percussion instruments.
Tasks include –
(a)
fabricating and assembling musical instruments and instrument parts of
wood, ebonite, metal, leather and other materials;
(b)
repairing or replacing musical instrument parts and components such as
strings, bridges, felts and keys, using hand and power tools;
(c)
playing and inspecting instruments to evaluate their sound quality and
to locate any defects;
(d)
adjusting string tensions to achieve proper tone or pitch of stringed
instruments;
(e)
adjusting lips, reeds, or toe holes of organ pipes, using hand tools, to
regulate airflow and loudness of sound;
(f)
tuning and servicing pipe organs by adjusting pitch of organ A pipes to
conform with pitch of the tuning fork and adjusting pitch of other pipes with
reference to pitch of tuned pipes;
(g)
installing new drumheads in percussion instruments;
(h)
tuning accordions by aurally comparing pitch of reeds with master reeds
and filing reeds to obtain standard pitch;
(i)
aligning pads and keys on reed or wind instruments;
(j)
tuning percussion instruments to required pitch by tightening or
loosening cords holding leather pieces fixed atop or at both ends of the instrument;
(k)
assembling and installing new pipe organs and pianos in buildings.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Brass instrument repairer
▪ Piano tuner
▪ Stringed instrument maker
▪ Woodwind instrument maker
7313 Jewellery and Precious Metal
Workers
Jewellery and precious metal workers design,
fabricate, adjust, repair or appraise jewellery, ceremonial or religious items,
gold, silver, other precious metals or gems. They cut, file, polish and set
precious and semi-precious stones including gems and diamonds, and engrave
designs on jewellery and precious metal articles. They cut and polish diamonds
for industrial purposes.
Tasks include –
(a)
casting jewellery and other non-ferrous metal articles by hand;
(b)
creating new jewellery designs and modifying existing designs, using
computers as necessary;
(c)
cutting designs in moulds or other materials to be used as models in the
fabrication of metal and jewellery products;
(d)
altering existing jewellery mountings in order to reposition jewels or
to adjust mountings;
(e)
repairing, reshaping and restyling old jewellery or precious metal ware
following designs or instructions;
(f)
making complete jewellery articles such as rings, necklaces, bangles,
brooches and bracelets from materials such as gold, silver, platinum and
precious or semi-precious stones;
(g)
examining gem surfaces and internal structures, using polariscopes,
refractometers, microscopes and other optical instruments to differentiate
between stones, to identify rare specimens, or to detect flaws, defects or
peculiarities affecting gem values;
(h)
cutting and polishing gems and setting them in jewellery articles;
(i)
engraving or embossing letters, designs or decorative lines on jewellery
and precious metal ware;
(j)
grinding, drilling and finishing jewel bearings for use in precision
instruments such as compasses and chronometers;
(k)
examining assembled or finished products to ensure conformity with
specifications, using magnifying glasses or precision measuring instruments.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Enameller (jewellery)
▪ Gem setter
▪ Goldsmith
▪ Jeweller
▪ Silversmith
7314 Potters and Related Workers
Potters and related workers prepare pottery,
porcelain ware, sanitary ware, bricks, tiles and abrasive wheels by hand or by
machine.
Tasks include –
(a)
making articles of pottery and porcelain;
(b)
making clay or plaster-of-paris moulds;
(c)
reading technical drawings to know customer’s requirements;
(d)
forming articles on the potter’s wheel by pressing thumbs into centres
of revolving clay to form hollows, and pressing on the inside and outside of
emerging clay cylinders with hands and fingers, gradually raising and shaping
clay to desired forms and sizes;
(e)
adjusting wheel speeds according to the feel of the clay as pieces
enlarge and walls become thinner;
(f)
operating jigger machines to form ceramic ware such as bowls, cups,
plates and saucers;
(g) adjusting
and setting controls of pug mills that mix, extrude, cut, and deposit clay
charges in or over moulds as specified;
(h)
smoothening surfaces of finished pieces, using rubber scrapers and wet
sponges;
(i)
forming abrasive wheels by moulding and pressing an abrasive mixture by
hand or by machine;
(j)
examining finished ware for defects and verifying accuracy of shapes and
sizes of objects, using callipers and templates;
(k)
preparing work for sale or exhibition, and maintaining relationships with
retail, pottery, art and resource networks that can facilitate sale or
exhibition of work.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Abrasive wheel moulder
▪ Brick and tile moulder
▪ Potter
▪ Pottery and porcelain caster
▪ Pottery and porcelain modeller
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Ceramic artist – 2651
▪ Kiln operator (brick and tile) –
8181
▪ Kiln operator (pottery and
porcelain) – 8181
7315 Glass Makers, Cutters, Grinders
and Finishers
Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers
blow, mould, press, cut, trim, grind and polish glass, and shape molten glass
according to patterns.
Tasks include –
(a)
heating glass to pliable stage using gas flames or ovens, and rotating
glass to heat it uniformly;
(b)
blowing and bending glass tubing into specified shapes to form
scientific apparatus such as flasks, retorts and pipettes;
(c)
grinding and polishing glass objects or parts to correct defects or to
prepare surfaces for further finishing and smoothening and polishing rough edges,
using belt sanders or polishing wheels;
(d)
examining glass stock and finished products and marking or discarding
items with defects such as spots, stains, scars, snags, chips, scratches or
unacceptable shapes or finishes;
(e)
reading work orders to determine dimensions, cutting locations and
quantities to cut;
(f)
observing gauges, computer printouts and video monitors to verify
specified processing conditions and make adjustments as necessary;
(g)
positioning patterns or drawings on glass, measuring dimensions, and
marking cutting lines, using glass cutting tools and cutting glass along marked
outlines or around pattern;
(h)
setting up, operating and adjusting computerized or robotic glass
cutting equipment;
(i) inspecting, weighing and measuring products
to verify conformity with specifications, using instruments such as
micrometers, callipers, magnifiers and rulers;
(j) regulating oven temperatures according to
glass types to be processed;
(k) transferring patterns for individual stained
glass parts from full size drawings to pattern paper, using stylus to trace
drawings;
(l) spraying silver solution on glass to provide
mirrored surface, using spray guns;
(m)
laying out cutting and grinding optical and other glass to specified
dimensions and weight for moulding into lens blanks and for use as watch
crystals.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Glass blower
▪ Glass cutter
▪ Glass finisher
▪ Glass grinder
Some related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Glass production furnace operator
– 8181
7316 Signwriters, Decorative Painters,
Engravers and Etchers
Signwriters, decorative painters, engravers and
etchers decorate articles made of wood, metal, textiles, glass, ceramics and
other materials. They plan, lay out and paint letters, figures, monograms and
designs to make signs and engrave and etch ornamental and floral designs on
glass and other articles.
Tasks include –
(a)
painting decorative freehand designs on objects such as pottery, glass,
cigarette cases or lampshades;
(b)
transferring decorative or ornamental designs onto articles from paper
transfers;
(c)
integrating and developing visual elements, such as line, space, mass,
colour and perspective, in order to produce desired effects such as the
illustration of ideas, emotions or moods;
(d)
laying out and painting in one or more languages letters, figures,
monograms and designs to make signs;
(e)
sketching or tracing designs or lettering onto work pieces or pattern materials
to prepare patterns or stencils;
(f)
designing patterns or lettering to paint work pieces such as signs,
glassware, pottery or zinc plates;
(g)
using software and routing equipment to produce three-dimensional carved
images for application onto larger signage as well as engraved and inlaid
signs;
(h)
designing and producing normal flat cut lettering, or lettering that is
shadowed with applied vinyl, or lettering that is ready cut for application;
(i)
writing, painting or printing signs or show cards used for display or
other purposes;
(j)
cutting out letters and signs for display purposes from wallboard or
cardboard, by hand or machines such as electrically powered jigsaws or bandsaws;
(k)
examining sketches, diagrams, samples, blueprints or photographs to
decide how designs are to be etched, cut or engraved onto work pieces;
(l)
measuring and computing dimensions of lettering, designs or patterns to
be engraved;
(m)
engraving and printing patterns, ornamental designs, etchings,
trademarks, figures or lettering onto flat or curved surfaces of a wide variety
of metal, glass, plastic, or ceramic items;
(n)
etching decorative designs, calibration markings and other figures on
glass articles.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Decorative painter
▪ Glass enameller
▪ Glass engraver
▪ Glass etcher
▪ Signwriter
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Building painter – 7 131
▪ Manufactured articles painter –
7132
▪ Vehicle painter – 7132
▪ Ceramics painting machine operator
– 8181
▪ Glass painting machine operator –
8181
7317 Handicraft Workers in Wood,
Basketry and Related Materials
Handicraft workers in wood, basketry and
related materials apply traditional techniques such as seasoning or
impregnation to prepare wood, straw, rattan, reeds, clay, shells and other
materials, and carve, mould, assemble, weave or paint and decorate various
articles for personal or household use or for decorative purposes. Basketry weavers, brush makers and related
workers select and prepare materials such as bristles, nylon, fibre, bass,
whisker and wire to make wicker furniture, brushes and brooms, and to weave
various kinds of baskets.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing wood, straw, rattan, reeds, shells or similar materials;
(b)
carving floral and artistic designs on wooden surfaces for decorative
purposes;
(c)
painting freehand decorative designs on glass and pottery or porcelain ware;
(d)
carving, assembling, weaving, painting and decorating various articles
for personal or household use such as salad bowls, serving spoons,
cutting-boards, trays, vases, jugs, baskets, straw hats, straw mats and similar
objects;
(e)
carving, assembling, weaving and painting various decorative articles
such as statues and other sculptures, chess pieces, jewellery and similar
objects;
(f)
making wicker furniture from peeled and softened rattan, reeds, rushes,
willow branches and similar materials;
(g)
making various kinds of baskets by interlacing osier, rattan, reeds,
rushes and similar materials;
(h)
forming bottoms of baskets by interlacing strips of rattan, wood veneer
or other materials with frameworks of rods of material such as willow;
(i) inserting rods around bottom edges between
woven sections of bottom and bending them upright to serve as framework for
sides;
(j)
selecting and preparing brush materials such as bristles, nylon, fibres
and wire, and setting them in brush base;
(k)
selecting and preparing materials such as broom corn, bass, whisker and
fibre, and fastening them to broom handles.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Basket maker
▪ Brush maker
▪ Reed weaving handicraft worker
▪ Wicker furniture maker
▪ Wooden articles handicraft worker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Machine operator (wood products) –
7523
7318 Handicraft Workers in Textile,
Leather and Related Materials
Handicraft workers in textile, leather and
related materials apply traditional techniques and patterns to produce woven
fabrics, knitted, embroidered, woven and other garments and articles for
household use, as well as traditional footwear, handbags, belts and other
accessories.
Tasks include –
(a)
spinning and dyeing with natural dyestuffs, wool, cotton and other
fibres;
(b)
lace-making, and weaving, knitting or embroidering various garments and
articles for household use;
(c)
preparing and dyeing hides with natural dyestuffs and making traditional
footwear or handbags, belts and other accessories;
(d)
spinning and winding yarn by hand;
(e)
drawing warp threads into looms by hand;
(f)
weaving plain or figured cloth, tapestry, lace, carpets or other fabrics
on hand looms;
(g)
making carpets by using a knotting technique;
(h)
knitting garments and other articles on hand-operated machines or by
hand;
(i)
crocheting or making braid by hand;
(j)
making nets by hand;
(k)
grading and classifying natural textile fibres;
(l)
washing wool fibres;
(m)
cleaning and fluffing textile fibres;
(n)
forming fibres into sliver, combing them, combining sliver into sliver
laps or forming sliver into rove.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Carpets handicraft worker
▪ Carpet weaver
▪ Cloth weaver
▪ Knitter
▪ Leather handicraft worker
▪ Loom threader
▪ Textile fibre comber
▪ Textile fibre drawer
▪ Textile fibre rover
▪ Textiles handicraft worker
▪ Thread and yarn spinner
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Textile fibre combing machine
operator – 8151
▪ Knitting machine operator – 8152
▪ Weaving machine operator – 8152
7319 Handicraft Workers Not Elsewhere
Classified
This unit group covers handicraft workers who
perform traditional handicrafts not classified elsewhere. For instance, the
group includes traditional handicraft workers in non-precious metals and stone.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Candle-maker (handicraft)
▪ Metal toymaker
▪ Stone articles handicraft worker
Minor
Group 732
Printing
Trades Workers
Printing trades’ workers compose and set type
prior to printing, set up and operate printing presses, bind and finish printed
products, and prepare stencils and operate screen printing equipment.
Tasks performed usually include: operating
graphic cameras and other photographic equipment to reproduce camera-ready copy
onto films, plates and digital output devices; operating computer screen-based
equipment for scanning, colour separation and correction, retouching and other
processes used to transfer copy to film and produce film for plate, cylinder
and digital output productions; setting up, operating and monitoring machines
used in typesetting, photographing copy, printing and cutting, folding,
collating and binding printed material;
performing routine finishing operations and machine maintenance;
preparing stencils and operating screen printing equipment.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7321 Pre-press
Technicians
7322 Printers
7323 Print Finishing
and Binding Workers
7321 Pre-press Technicians
Pre-press technicians proof, format, set and
compose text and graphics into a form suitable for use in various printing
processes and representation in other visual media.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating graphic cameras and other photographic equipment to reproduce
camera-ready copy onto films, plates and digital output devices;
(b)
using computer applications to generate images, text, layouts and
impositions for print and other visual media displays;
(c)
operating plate-making equipment to reproduce images from film to
printing plates, digital output devices and presses;
(d)
operating computer screen-based equipment for scanning, colour
separation, colour correction, masking, creative design, combining, imposing,
retouching, and other processes used to transfer copy to film and produce film
for plate, digital output and cylinder productions;
(e)
carrying out digital and chemical proofing from digital systems, and
negative and positive films;
(f)
evaluating printed proofs, checking and correcting them for quality;
(g)
preparing and exposing carbon tissue for laying on cylinders by transfer
method, and developing images.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Compositor
▪ Desktop publishing operator
▪ Electronic pre-press technician
▪ Photogravurist
▪ Photolithographer
▪ Plate mounter (screen printing)
▪ Plate maker (printing)
▪ Screen maker
▪ Typesetter
7322 Printers
Printers set up and operate digital, letterpress,
lithographic, flexographic, gravure, newspaper and other printing presses.
Tasks include –
(a)
setting, adjusting and monitoring substrate-feed mechanisms, delivery
mechanisms, inking systems and other printing machine functions;
(b)
mixing ink and solvents to standard, and regulating paper and ink supply
during print runs;
(c)
monitoring, evaluating and determining press to check print quality
standards against proofs and detect malfunctions;
(d)
producing a variety of printed products using digital, relief,
lithographic, flexographic and gravure printing presses, and in-line finishing
systems;
(e)
preparing plates, blankets and impression cylinders on small offset
lithographic printing presses;
(f)
loading paper into feeding mechanisms;
(g)
monitoring machine operations and quality of printing;
(h)
maintaining, adjusting, repairing and cleaning machines;
(i)
producing digital print images, and transferring and outputting images.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Block printer
▪ Digital press operator
▪ Feeder operator (printing)
▪ Flexographic press operator
▪ Gravure press operator
▪ Large sheet-fed press operator
▪ Screen printer
▪ Screen printing press operator
▪ Small press operator
▪ Textile printer
▪ Web press operator
7323 Print Finishing and Binding
Workers
Print finishing and binding workers bind books
and other publications, and finish printed products by hand or machine.
Tasks include –
(a)
setting up and supervising the operation of automatic binding and
finishing equipment;
(b)
binding full, half and limp-bound books, and repairing bindings;
(c)
folding, collating and sewing signatures by machine and hand;
(d)
operating paper guillotines for pre-press and post-press paper cutting
and trimming, and programming electronically operated units;
(e)
operating systems to insert printed material into newspapers, magazines
and envelopes;
(f)
embellishing printed products automatically and manually;
(g)
operating photographic and electronic reproduction devices.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Book binder
▪ Collator operator
▪ Cutter operator
▪ Foil stamp operator
▪ Folder operator
▪ Gatherer operator
▪ Multibinder operator
▪ Perfect binder operator
▪ Saddle stitch operator
▪ Small machine bindery worker
Sub-major Group 74
Electrical and Electronics
Trades Workers
Electrical and electronics trades workers
install, fit and maintain electrical wiring systems and machinery and other
electrical apparatus, electrical transmission and supply lines and cables, and
electronic and telecommunications equipment and systems. Competent performance
in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO
skill level.
The work is carried out by hand and by
hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical
effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality
of the products. The tasks call for an
understanding of the work organization, materials and tools used, and the
nature and purpose of the final product.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: installing, maintaining, fitting and adjusting
electrical and electronic wiring systems, machinery and equipment; examining
blueprints, wiring diagrams and specifications to determine sequences and
methods of operation; inspecting and testing electrical and electronic systems,
equipment, cables and machinery to identify hazards, defects and the need for
adjustment or repair; installing, maintaining and repairing electrical and
telecommunications transmission lines; joining electrical, telecommunications
and data cables; maintaining, troubleshooting, fitting, adjusting, testing and
repairing electronic equipment such as commercial and office machines, electronic
instruments and control systems, computers, and telecommunications and data
transmission equipment.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
741 Electrical
Equipment Installers and Repairers
742 Electronics and
Telecommunications Installers and Repairers
Minor
Group 741
Electrical
Equipment Installers and Repairers
Electrical equipment installers and repairers
install, fit and maintain electrical wiring systems and related equipment,
electrical machinery and other electrical apparatus and electrical transmission
and supply lines and cables.
Tasks performed usually include: installing,
maintaining, fitting and adjusting electrical wiring systems, machinery and
equipment; examining blueprints, wiring diagrams and specifications to
determine sequences and methods of operation; inspecting and testing electrical
systems, equipment, cables and machinery to identify hazards, defects and the
need for adjustment or repair; installing, maintaining and repairing electrical
transmission lines; joining electrical cables.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7411 Building and
Related Electricians
7412 Electrical
Mechanics and Fitters
7413 Electrical Line
Installers and Repairers
7411 Building and Related Electricians
Building and related electricians install,
maintain and repair electrical wiring systems and related equipment and
fixtures.
Tasks include –
(a)
installing, maintaining and repairing electrical wiring systems and
related equipment in various buildings such as schools, hospitals, commercial
establishments, residential buildings and other structures;
(b)
examining blueprints, wiring diagrams and specifications to determine
sequences and methods of operation;
(c)
planning layout and installation of electrical wiring, equipment and
fixtures, based on job specifications and relevant standards;
(d)
inspecting electrical systems, equipment, and components to identify
hazards, defects, and the need for adjustment or repair;
(e)
selecting, cutting and connecting wire and cable to terminals and
connectors;
(f)
measuring and laying out installation reference points;
(g) positioning and installing electrical
switchboards;
(h)
testing continuity of circuits.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Building repairs electrician
▪ Electrician
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Electrical fitter – 7412
▪ Electrical mechanic – 7412
▪ Electrical line installer – 7413
7412 Electrical Mechanics and Fitters
Electrical mechanics and fitters fit, adjust,
install and repair electrical machinery and other electrical apparatus and
equipment in buildings, factories, motor vehicles, workshops or other places.
Tasks include –
(a)
fitting, adjusting and repairing various kinds of electrical machinery
and motors, generators, switchgear and control apparatus, instruments, or
electrical parts of elevators and related equipment;
(b)
fitting, adjusting and repairing electrical parts in domestic
appliances, industrial machines and other appliances;
(c)
inspecting and testing manufactured electrical products;
(d)
installing, testing, connecting, commissioning, maintaining and
modifying electrical equipment, wiring and control systems;
(e)
designing, installing, maintaining, servicing and repairing electricand
hydraulic passenger and freight lifts, escalators, moving walkways and other
lift equipment;
(f)
connecting electrical systems to the power supply;
(g)
replacing and repairing defective parts.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Armature builder
▪ Automotive electrician
▪ Electrical generator fitter
▪ Electrical mechanic
▪ Lift mechanic
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Electronics mechanic – 7421
▪ Electrical equipment assembler –
8212
7413 Electrical Line Installers
and Repairers
Electrical line installers and repairers
install, repair and join electrical transmission and supply cables and related
equipment.
Tasks include –
(a)
installing and repairing overhead and underground electrical power and
electrical traction lines;
(b)
making joints in overhead and underground cables;
(c)
adhering to safety practices and procedures, such as checking equipment
regularly and erecting barriers around work areas;
(d)
opening switches or attaching grounding devices to remove electrical
hazards from disturbed or fallen lines or to facilitate repairs;
(e)
climbing poles or using truck-mounted buckets to access equipment;
(f)
identifying defective sectionalizing devices, circuit breakers, fuses,
voltage regulators, transformers, switches, relays or wiring, using wiring diagrams
and electrical-testing instruments.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Electric cable jointer
▪ Electric power line worker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Data and telecommunications cabler
– 7422
▪ Telecommunications line worker –
7422
Minor
Group 742
Electronics
and Telecommunications Installers and Repairers
Electronics and telecommunications installers
and repairers fit, maintain, adjust and repair electronic equipment such as
commercial and office machines, electronic instruments and control systems;
install, repair and maintain telecommunications equipment, data transmission
equipment, cables and antennae; and repair, fit and maintain computers.
Tasks performed usually include: examining and testing machines, equipment,
instruments and control systems to diagnose faults; adjusting, repairing and
replacing worn and defective parts and wiring, and maintaining machines,
equipment and instruments; installing electronic instruments and control
systems; fitting and adjusting electronic equipment; maintaining,
troubleshooting, fitting, adjusting, testing and repairing computers, data
transmission equipment and computer peripherals; installing, maintaining,
repairing and diagnosing malfunctions of microwave, telemetry, multiplexing,
satellite and other radio and electromagnetic wave communications systems;
providing technical advice and information, and monitoring the performance of
complex telecommunications networks and equipment; installing, joining and
repairing cabling for computer, radio, telephone and television transmission;
installing, maintaining and repairing antennae used in communications.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7421 Electronics
Mechanics and Servicers
7422 Information and
Communications Technology Installers and Servicers
7421 Electronics Mechanics and
Servicers
Electronics mechanics and servicers fit,
maintain, adjust and repair electronic equipment such as commercial and office
machines and electronic instruments and control systems.
Tasks include –
(a)
examining and testing machines, instruments, components, control systems
and other electronic equipment to identify faults;
(b)
adjusting, repairing and replacing worn and defective parts and wiring,
and maintaining machines, equipment and instruments;
(c)
reassembling, test operating and adjusting equipment;
(d)
installing electronic instruments and control systems;
(e)
coordinating work with that of engineers, technicians and other
maintenance personnel;
(f)
interpreting test data to diagnose malfunctions and systemic performance
problems;
(g)
installing, adjusting, repairing or replacing electrical and electronic
components, assemblies and systems, using hand tools, power tools or soldering
irons;
(h)
connecting components to assemblies such as radio systems, instruments,
magnetos, inverters and in-flight refuelling systems;
(i)
keeping records of maintenance and repair work.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Aircraft maintenance engineer
(avionics)
▪ Automated teller machines mechanic
▪ Avionics technician
▪ Electronic equipment servicer
▪ Electronics mechanic
▪ Photocopy machine technician
Some related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Air traffic safety technician –
3155
7422 Information and Communications
Technology Installers and Servicers
Information and communications technology (ICT)
installers and servicers install, repair and maintain telecommunications
equipment, data transmission equipment, cables, antennae and conduits, and
repair, fit and maintain computers.
Tasks include –
(a)
maintaining, troubleshooting, testing and repairing computers, data
transmission equipment and computer peripherals;
(b)
fitting and adjusting computer hardware;
(c)
installing, maintaining, repairing and diagnosing malfunctions of
microwave, telemetry, multiplexing, satellite and other radio and
electromagnetic wave communications systems;
(d)
providing technical advice and information, and monitoring the
performance of complex telecommunications networks and equipment;
(e)
installing and repairing cabling for computer, radio, telephone and
television transmission;
(f)
joining telecommunications and data cables, and sealing sheathes;
(g)
installing, maintaining and repairing antennae used in communications.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Communications technology servicer
▪ Computer equipment fitter
▪ Computer hardware installer
▪ Data and telecommunications cabler
▪ Telecommunications equipment
repairer
▪ Telecommunications line worker
▪ Telephone installer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Engineering technician
(telecommunications) – 3522
Sub-major Group 75
Food Processing, Woodworking,
Garment and Other Craft and Related Trades Workers
Food processing, woodworking, garment and other
craft and related trades workers treat and process agricultural and fisheries
raw materials into food and other products, and produce and repair goods made
of wood, textiles, fur, leather or other materials. Competent performance in
most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO
skill level.
The work is carried out by hand and by
hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical
effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality
of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization,
materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: treating and
processing meat, fish, grain, fruit, vegetables and related materials
into food stuffs, and tobacco into tobacco products; tasting and grading food
products and beverages; treating and processing natural fibres, skins and hides; making and repairing furniture and
other goods made of wood; preparing hides, skins and pelts for further use;
making and repairing textiles, garments, hats, shoes and related products.
Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
751 Food Processing
and Related Trades Workers
752 Wood Treaters,
Cabinet-makers and Related Trades Workers
753 Garment and
Related Trades Workers
754 Other Craft and
Related Workers
Minor
Group 751
Food Processing
and Related Trades Workers
Food processing and related trades workers
slaughter animals; treat and prepare them and related food items for human and
animal consumption; make various kinds of bread, cakes and other flour products;
process and preserve fruit, vegetables and related foods; taste and grade
various food products and beverages; or prepare tobacco and make tobacco
products.
Tasks performed usually include: slaughtering
animals; treating meat and fish and preparing them and related food items;
making various kinds of bread, cakes and other flour products; processing and
preserving fruit, vegetables and related foods; tasting and grading various
food products and beverages; preparing tobacco and making tobacco products.
Supervision of workers may be included.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7511 Butchers,
Fishmongers and Related Food Preparers
7512 Bakers,
Pastry-cooks and Confectionery Makers
7513 Dairy Products
Makers
7514 Fruit, Vegetable
and Related Preservers
7515 Food and Beverage
Tasters and Graders
7516 Tobacco Preparers
and Tobacco Products Makers
7511 Butchers, Fishmongers and
Related Food Preparers
Butchers, fishmongers and related food
preparers slaughter animals, clean, cut and dress meat and fish, remove bones
and prepare related food items, or preserve meat, fish and other foods and food
products by drying, salting or smoking.
Tasks include –
(a)
slaughtering animals;
(b)
flaying and trimming carcasses;
(c)
boning, cutting and dressing meat and fish for sale or further
processing;
(d) preparing
ingredients and making sausages and similar products using chopping, mixing and
shaping machines;
(e)
curing meat, fish and other foods;
(f)
operating smokehouses or ovens to smoke meat, fish and other foodstuffs;
(g)
cooking or in other ways preparing meat, fish and related food items for
sale;
(h)
selling meat or fish to customers, including wrapping, weighing and
labelling products, and receiving payment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Butcher
▪ Fish filleter
▪ Fishmonger
▪ Slaughterer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Shopkeeper – 5221
▪ Fish processing machine operator –
8160
▪ Meat processing machine operator –
8160
7512 Bakers, Pastry-cooks and Confectionery
Makers
Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers
make various kinds of bread, cakes, and other flour products, as well as
handmade chocolate and sugar confectionery.
Tasks include –
(a)
making bread, cakes, biscuits, pastries, pies and other flour products;
(b) making
handmade confectionery from mixtures of sugar, chocolate and other ingredients,
using hand tools and some machines;
(c)
combining measured ingredients in bowls of mixing, blending or cooking
machinery;
(d)
checking the quality of raw materials to ensure that standards and
specifications are met;
(e)
applying glazes, icings or other toppings to baked goods, using spatulas
or brushes;
(f)
checking the cleanliness of equipment and operation of premises before
production runs to ensure compliance with occupational health and safety
regulations;
(g)
monitoring oven temperatures and product appearance to determine baking
times;
(h)
coordinating the forming, loading, baking, unloading, de-panning and
cooling of batches of bread, rolls, pastry
and confectionery products.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Baker
▪ Chocolate maker
▪ Confectioner
▪ Pastry-cook
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Cook – 5120
▪ Bakery products machine operator –
8160
▪ Bread production machine operator
– 8160
▪ Chocolate production machine
operator – 8160
7513 Dairy Products
Makers
Dairy products makers process butter and
various types of cheese, cream or other dairy products.
Tasks include –
(a)
boiling or pasteurizing milk to achieve specified butter fat content;
(b)
separating cream from milk and churning cream into butter;
(c)
dumping measured amounts of starter and other ingredients into milk;
(d)
curdling milk, heating curd until it reaches desired firmness, draining
curd and placing cheese into moulds to press it into shape;
(e)
salting cheese and piercing or smearing cheese with cultured wash to
develop mould growth;
(f)
placing and turning cheese blocks on shelves to cure cheese;
(g)
monitoring product quality before packaging by inspecting, taking
samples and adjusting treatment conditions when necessary;
(h)
recording amounts of ingredients used, test results and time cycles.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Butter maker
▪ Cheese maker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Dairy products machine operator –
8160
▪ Milk processing machine operator –
8160
7514 Fruit, Vegetable and Related
Preservers
Fruit, vegetable and related preservers process
or preserve fruit, nuts and related foods in various ways including cooking,
drying and salting, or juice or oil extraction.
Tasks include –
(a)
extracting juices from various fruits;
(b)
extracting oils from oil-bearing seeds, nuts or fruits;
(c)
cooking, salting or drying fruit, vegetables and related foods;
(d)
mixing and adding ingredients such as pectin, sugar, spices and vinegar
to assist preservation and enhance texture, appearance and flavour;
(e)
transferring preserved foods to sterile jars, bottles or other
containers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Chutney maker
▪ Fruit preserver
▪ Jam maker
▪ Oil expeller
▪ Vegetable and fruit pickler
▪ Vegetable preserver
Some related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Canning machine operator – 8183
7515 Food and Beverage Tasters
and Graders
Food and beverage tasters and graders inspect,
taste and grade various types of agricultural products, food and beverages.
Tasks include –
(a) inspecting,
testing, tasting and smelling agricultural products, food and beverages at
various stages of processing;
(b)
determining quality, acceptability to consumer tastes and approximate
value of products, and grading them into appropriate classes;
(c)
discarding inferior products;
(d)
recording the grade and/or identification numbers on tags, receiving or
sales sheets;
(e)
weighing and measuring products.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Food grader
▪ Food taster
▪ Liquor taster
▪ Tea taster
▪ Wine taster
7516 Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco
Products Makers
Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers
prepare tobacco leaves and make various tobacco products.
Tasks include –
(a)
grading cured tobacco leaves by type, quality and locality where grown;
(b)
mixing tobacco leaves according to formula to obtain a blend of distinct
flavour;
(c)
tending vacuum containers which moisten tobacco for further processing;
(d)
removing midribs and stalks from tobacco leaves and shredding tobacco;
(e)
making cigars, cigarettes, snuff and other tobacco products by hand or
with simple machines.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cigarette maker
▪ Cigar maker
▪ Tobacco grader
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Cigarette production machine
operator – 8160
▪ Cigar production machine operator
– 8160
Minor
Group 752
Wood Treaters,
Cabinet-makers and Related Trades Workers
Wood treaters, cabinet-makers and related
trades workers preserve and treat wood; make, decorate and repair wooden
furniture, vehicles and other wooden products and components; and set up,
operate and tend wood seasoning and preserving equipment and woodworking
equipment, machines and machine tools.
Tasks performed usually include: operating and
tending treating and other equipment to dry lumber and other wood products, and
to treat chemically and impregnate wood products with preservatives; setting
and operating woodworking machines to cut, shape and form parts and components;
studying plans, verifying dimensions of articles to be made, fitting parts
together to form complete units and checking the quality and fit of pieces to
ensure adherence to specifications; setting and adjusting various kinds of
machines for operation by others; setting up, programming, operating and
monitoring several types of woodworking machines to fabricate, repair or
refinish wooden parts for furniture, fixtures and other wood products; and
reading and interpreting specifications or following verbal instructions.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7521 Wood Treaters
7522 Cabinet-makers
and Related Workers
7523 Woodworking
Machine Tool Setters and Operators
7521 Wood Treaters
Wood treaters season, preserve and treat wood
and lumber manually or using wood treatment equipment such as kilns and tanks.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and tending kilns, treating tanks and other equipment to dry
lumber, prepare and season wood and other wood products, and to impregnate wood
products with preservatives;
(b)
monitoring equipment operation, gauges and panel lights in order to
detect deviations from standards and to ensure that processes are operating
according to specifications;
(c) operating
valves to admit treating solution into treatment vessels, maintain specified
heat, vacuum and hydraulic pressure and levels of solution during each phase of
the treatment cycle;
(d)
activating vacuum and hydraulic
pressure pumps that remove air and steam from retorts and force treating
solution into pores of wood to accelerate the treatment process;
(e)
assisting in maintaining processing equipment and machines as required;
(f)
cleaning, lubricating and adjusting equipment;
(g)
transporting materials and products to and from work areas manually or
using carts, handtrucks or hoists;
(h)
completing and maintaining production reports.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dry kiln operator
▪ Lumber kiln operator
▪ Timber treating tank operator
▪ Veneer dryer tender
▪ Wood seasoner
▪ Wood treater
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Wood processing plant operator –
8172
7522 Cabinet-makers and Related
Workers
Cabinet-makers and related workers make,
decorate and repair wooden furniture, carts and other vehicles, wheels, parts,
fittings, patterns, models and other wooden products using woodworking
machines, machine tools and specialized hand tools.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating woodworking machines such as power saws, jointers, mortisers
and shapers, and using hand tools to cut, shape and form parts and components;
(b)
studying plans, verifying dimensions of articles to be made, or
preparing specifications and checking the quality and fit of pieces in order to
ensure adherence to specifications;
(c)
trimming joints and fitting parts and subassemblies together to form
complete units using glue and clamps, and reinforcing joints using nails,
screws or other fasteners;
(d)
making, restyling and repairing various wooden articles such as
cabinets, furniture, vehicles, scale models, sports equipment and other parts
or products;
(e)
decorating furniture and fixtures by inlaying wood or applying veneer
and carving designs;
(f)
finishing surfaces of wooden articles or furniture.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cabinet-maker
▪ Cartwright
▪ Furniture cabinet-maker
▪ Wheelwright
▪ Wood patternmaker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Carpenters and joiners – 7115
▪ Wood and related products
assemblers – 8219
7523 Woodworking Machine Tool Setters
and Operators
Woodworking machine tool setters and operators
set-up, operate and monitor automatic or semi-automatic woodworking machines
such as precision sawing, shaping, planing, boring, turning and woodcarving
machines to fabricate or repair wooden parts for furniture, fixtures and other
wooden products.
Tasks include –
(a)
setting up, programming, operating and monitoring several types of
woodworking machines for sawing, shaping, boring, drilling, planing, pressing,
turning, sanding or carving to fabricate or repair wooden parts for furniture,
fixtures and other wooden products;
(b)
operating preset special-purpose woodworking machines to fabricate
wooden products such as coat hangers, mop handles, clothespins and other
products;
(c)
selecting knives, saws, blades, cutter heads, cams, bits or belts
according to work piece, machine functions and product specifications;
(d)
installing and adjusting blades, cutter heads, boring-bits and
sanding-belts, and using hand tools and rules;
(e)
setting and adjusting various kinds of woodworking machines for
operation by others;
(f)
reading and interpreting specifications or following verbal
instructions.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Carving machine operator (wood)
▪ Furniture production machine
operator
▪ Precision woodworking sawyer
▪ Wood products machine operator
▪ Wood turner
▪ Woodworking lathe operator
▪ Woodworking machine setter
▪ Woodworking machine
setter-operator
▪ Woodworking machine set-up
operator
Some related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Wood and related products
assemblers – 8219
Minor
Group 753
Garment
and Related Trades Workers
Garment and related trades workers fit, alter
and repair tailored clothing; design and make textile and fur garments and
leather or fur products; repair, renovate and decorate garments, gloves and
other textile products; create patterns for garments; install, repair and
replace upholstery of furniture, fixtures, orthopaedic appliances and
furnishings of automobiles; trim, scrape, tan, buff and dye animal hides, pelts
or skins; modify and repair footwear and leather articles.
Tasks performed usually include: fitting,
altering and repairing tailored clothing; designing and making made-to-measure
clothing from textile fabrics, light leather and other materials, or making
hats or wigs; making garment style changes; creating precision master patterns
for production of garments and other textile, leather or fur products; sewing
together, joining, darning, repairing, renovating and decorating garments,
gloves and other products of textile, fur, light leather and other materials;
fabricating and assembling sails, awnings and tarpaulins; installing, repairing
and replacing upholstery of furniture, fixtures, orthopaedic appliances, seats,
panels and other furnishings of automobiles, railway coaches, aircraft, ships
and similar items; trimming, scraping, cleaning, tanning, buffing and dyeing animal
hides, pelts or skins to produce leather stock and finished furs for making
garments and other products; making, modifying and repairing standard, custom-made
or orthopaedic footwear and natural or synthetic leather articles.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7531 Tailors,
Dressmakers, Furriers and Hatters
7532 Garment and
Related Patternmakers and Cutters
7533 Sewing,
Embroidery and Related Workers
7534 Upholsterers and
Related Workers
7535 Pelt Dressers,
Tanners and Fellmongers
7536 Shoemakers and
Related Workers
7531 Tailors, Dressmakers, Furriers
and Hatters
Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters
fabricate, fit, alter and repair tailored or handmade clothing. They produce
made-to-measure clothing such as suits, overcoats and dresses from textile
fabrics, light leather, fur and other material, or make hats or wigs according
to customers’ and clothing manufacturers’ specifications.
Tasks include –
(a)
making overcoats, suits, skirts, shirts, blouses, lingerie, corsetry,
hats, wigs and similar garments, often to clients’ individual requirements;
(b)
selecting textile fabrics, leather or fur pelts matching the desired
size, colour, texture and quality of the garment; cutting to shape them to
garment pattern and arranging them on the pattern according to the design
of the garment;
(c)
making garment style changes, such as tapering trouser legs or narrowing
lapels, and adding or removing padding;
(d)
selecting and modifying commercial patterns to customers’ and clothing
manufacturers’ specifications and fit;
(e)
fitting, altering and repairing tailored clothing, dresses, coats and
other made-to-measure garments according to customers’ requests;
(f)
making and caring for costumes used in theatrical, television and motion
picture productions;
(g)
folding, twisting and draping material such as satin or silk, or sewing
ribbon or cloth in the form of artificial flowers or bows around crown and brim
to shape and decorate hats;
(h)
sewing and fastening together materials and hair strands to make wigs;
(i)
blending shades of hair to give a natural appearance to wigs, arranging
woven hair in specified positions and sewing hair together to form hairpieces;
(j)
making, altering, restyling and repairing fur garments and other fur
articles;
(k)
reclaiming furs or skins from old coats, gluing fabric to the interior
of fur coats and trimming fur garments.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dressmaker
▪ Furrier
▪ Fur grader
▪ Hatter
▪ Milliner
▪ Tailor
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Textiles handicraft worker – 7318
▪ Sewing machine operator – 8153
7532 Garment and Related Patternmakers and Cutters
Garment and related patternmakers and cutters
create precision master patterns for the production of garments and other
textile, leather or fur products. They mark, cut, shape and trim textiles,
light leather and other materials according to blueprints or specifications in
the manufacture of garments, hats and caps, gloves and miscellaneous products.
Tasks include –
(a)
creating a master pattern for each size within a range of garment sizes,
using charts, drafting instruments, computers and/or grading devices;
(b)
creating the blueprint or pattern pieces for a particular apparel design
with the aid of a computer;
(c)
calculating dimensions of patterns according to sizes, considering
stretching of material;
(d)
drawing details on outlined parts to indicate where parts are to be
joined, as well as the positions of pleats, pockets, buttonholes on garments,
decorative stitching on shoe parts or eyelets on canvas products, using
computers or drafting instruments;
(e)
positioning templates or measuring materials to locate specified points
of cuts or to obtain maximum yields, and marking fabric accordingly;
(f)
laying out the master pattern on fabric and cutting sample patterns;
(g)
testing patterns by making and fitting sample garments;
(h)
placing patterns on top of layers of fabric and cutting fabric following
patterns, using electric or manual knives, cutters or computer numerically
controlled cutting devices;
(i)
cutting fabric or fur pelts to make parts for garments and other fur
articles;
(j) trimming
excess material or cutting threads off finished products, such as cutting loose
ends of a finished product;
(k)
positioning leather on the cutting bed of machines, maximizing usage
according to skin grain, skin flaws and skin stretch;
(l)
performing patternmaking, marking and cutting tasks in the manufacture
of other products such as soft furnishings and canvas goods.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Fur patternmaker
▪ Garment cutter
▪ Garment patternmaker
▪ Glove cutter
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Textile patternmaking machine
operator – 8159
7533 Sewing, Embroidery and Related
Workers
Sewing, embroidery and related workers sew
together, repair, renovate and decorate garments, gloves and other products of
textile, fur, light leather and other materials and fabricate tents, sails,
awnings and tarpaulins. They work mainly by hand, using a needle and thread,
but may perform some tasks using a sewing machine.
Tasks include –
(a) repairing
defective or damaged portions of cloths or garments by hand, using matching
thread and needle;
(b)
removing stitches from garments to be altered, using rippers or razor
blades;
(c)
selecting thread according to specifications or colour of parts, or dyeing
thread to match colour and shade of cloth to be darned;
(d)
patching holes, sewing tears and ripped seams, or darning defects in
items, using needle and thread;
(e)
pulling knots to the wrong sides of garments, using hooks;
(f)
trimming ends with scissors to make mended portions look uniform with the
pattern of cloth;
(g)
sewing ornamental designs by hand over stamped, printed or stencilled
patterns on fabric, using needle and coloured thread;
(h)
embroidering ornamental designs on cloth by hand or machine, using
needle and coloured thread;
(i)
softening leather or shoe material with water to prepare it for sewing;
(j)
sewing or gluing decorative trimmings to articles such as hats, caps or other
millinery;
(k) hand-sewing umbrella covers to frames,
tacking cover to ribs along seams, sewing corners to tips of ribs and sewing
ties to outside of cover to hold umbrella when folded;
(l) fabricating and assembling thick cloth,
canvas and similar materials into sails, awning, tarpaulins and tents.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Embroiderer
▪ Sewer
▪ Umbrella maker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Textiles handicraft worker – 7318
▪ Dressmaker – 7531
▪ Sewing machine operator – 8153
7534 Upholsterers and Related Workers
Upholsterers and related workers install,
repair and replace upholstery of furniture, fixtures, orthopaedic appliances,
seats, panels, convertible and vinyl tops and other furnishings of automobiles,
railway coaches, aircraft, ships and similar items with fabric, leather, rexine
or other upholstery material. They also make and repair cushions, quilts and
mattresses.
Tasks include –
(a)
discussing upholstery fabric, colour and style with customers and
providing cost estimates for upholstering furniture or other items;
(b)
making upholstery patterns from sketches, customer descriptions or
blueprints;
(c)
laying out, measuring and cutting upholstery materials following
patterns, templates, sketches or design specifications;
(d)
installing, arranging and securing springs, padding and covering
material to furniture frames;
(e)
sewing upholstery materials by hand to seam cushions and joining
sections of covering materials;
(f)
sewing rips or tears in material, or creating tufting, using needle and
thread;
(g)
tacking, gluing or sewing ornamental trims, buckles, braids, buttons and
other accessories to covers or frames on upholstered items;
(h)
laying out, cutting, fabricating and installing upholstery in aircrafts,
motor vehicles, railway cars, boats and ships;
(i)
repairing raw hide coverings of artificial limbs;
(j)
renovating antique furniture using a variety of tools including ripping
chisels, magnetic hammers and long needles;
(k)
collaborating with interior designers to decorate rooms and coordinate
furnishing fabrics;
(l)
making quilts, cushions and mattresses.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Furniture upholsterer
▪ Mattress maker
▪ Orthopaedic upholsterer
▪ Vehicle upholsterer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Sewing machine operator – 8153
7535 Pelt Dressers, Tanners
and Fellmongers
Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers trim,
scrape, clean, tan, buff and dye animal hides, pelts or skins to produce
leather stock and finished furs for making garments and other products.
Tasks include –
(a)
sorting and grading pelts, hides and skins according to colour, shading,
size and density;
(b)
scraping particles of flesh, fat or protective tissue from skins or
pelts to clean and soften them;
(c)
removing hair from skin or hides soaked in lime water;
(d)
preparing hides by curing them with salt;
(e)
removing long, coarse hair from pelts and trimming underlying hair to
even length;
(f) tanning
and dressing pelts to improve lustre and beauty or to restore the natural
appearance of pelts;
(g)
preparing bark and myrobalan liquor for treating hides or skins;
(h)
treating hides and skins in tanning solution to convert them into
leather;
(i) tinting
or dyeing furs to enhance natural shades of fur;
(j)
removing wrinkles and setting grains on wet hides or skins;
(k)
dressing and applying dyes and stains to leather;
(l)
stretching and smoothing dressed pelts;
(m) seasoning leather by applying chemical
solution or oil evenly onto the surface by hand brush and allowing it to dry in
open air.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Fellmonger
▪ Pelt grader
▪ Tanner
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Tanning machine operator – 8155
7536 Shoemakers and Related Workers
Shoemakers and related workers make, modify and
repair standard, custom or orthopaedic footwear and natural or synthetic
leather articles such as luggage, handbags and belts (except for leather garments,
hats and gloves), or participate in the manufacture of shoes and related goods.
They decorate, reinforce or finish shoes, luggage, handbags and belts.
Tasks include –
(a)
making, modifying and repairing standard footwear to meet individual
requirements;
(b)
making, modifying and repairing orthopaedic or therapeutic footwear
according to doctors’ prescriptions, or modifying existing footwear for people
with foot problems and special needs;
(c)
repairing belts, luggage, purses and similar products;
(d)
taking plaster casts of deformed legs or feet to prepare drawings;
(e)
preparing inserts, heel pads and lifts from casts of customers’ feet;
(f)
studying drawings and other specifications to make footwear according to
customers’ needs;
(g) studying
work orders and/or shoe part tags to obtain information about workloads,
specifications and the types of materials to be used;
(h)
checking the texture, colour and strength of leather to ensure that it
is adequate for a particular purpose;
(i) cutting
out, shaping and padding parts for making leather articles;
(j)
sewing rips or patching holes to repair articles such as purses, belts,
shoes and luggage;
(k)
removing and examining shoes, shoe parts and designs to verify conformity
with specifications, such as proper embedding of stitches in channels;
(l)
attaching accessories or ornamentation to decorate or protect products;
(m)
making and repairing articles such as saddles and harnesses for animals,
luggage, handbags, briefcases, leather bags, belts and other accessories.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cobbler
▪ Orthopaedic shoemaker
▪ Saddler
▪ Shoemaker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Furrier – 7531
▪ Hatter – 7531
▪ Shoe production machine operator –
8156
Minor
Group 754
Other
Craft and Related Workers
Other craft and related workers work under the
surface of water, using underwater breathing apparatus; position, assemble and
detonate explosives; inspect and
test raw materials, manufactured
components and products; and remove unwanted organisms to prevent damage to
crops and buildings and other structures. This group includes other trade and
craft occupations not classified elsewhere in Major Group 7: Craft and Related Trades
Workers
Tasks performed usually include: ensuring
safety precautions; performing various underwater tasks; loading explosives
into blast holes; mixing chemicals according to instructions; operating and
monitoring equipment for spraying pests and weeds.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
7541 Underwater Divers
7542 Shotfirers and
Blasters
7543 Product Graders
and Testers (excluding Foods and Beverages)
7544 Fumigators and
Other Pest and Weed Controllers
7549 Craft and Related
Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
7541 Underwater Divers
Underwater divers work under the surface of
water, with or without the aid of underwater breathing apparatus, to inspect,
install, repair and remove equipment and structures, conduct tests or
experiments, rig explosives, photograph structures or marine life, collect
various forms of aquatic life for commercial or research purposes, and find and
recover missing items and persons.
Tasks include –
(a)
taking safety precautions, such as monitoring dive lengths and depths,
and registering with authorities before diving expeditions begin;
(b)
checking and maintaining diving equipment such as helmets, masks, air
tanks, diving suits, harnesses and gauges;
(c)
descending into water with the aid of diver helpers, using scuba gear or
diving suits;
(d)
working under water to lay and repair bridges, piers and harbour-wall
foundations;
(e)
inspecting for suspected damage and making minor repairs to ships’ hulls
and underwater installations;
(f)
reporting on the condition of wrecked ships;
(g)
removing underwater obstructions;
(h)
drilling holes for underwater blasting;
(i)
performing various underwater tasks connected with salvage work or
recovering dead bodies;
(j) gathering
shellfish, sponges and other aquatic life forms;
(j)
communicating with workers on the surface while under water, using
signal lines or telephones;
(k)
obtaining information about diving tasks and environmental conditions.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Oyster diver
▪ Salvage frogman
▪ Sponge diver
▪ Underwater worker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Subsistence diver – 6340
7542 Shotfirers and Blasters
Shotfirers and blasters position, assemble and
detonate explosives at mining, quarrying and demolition sites.
Tasks include –
(a)
ensuring that workplace safety and explosives handling, storage and
transport procedures and regulations are followed;
(b)
planning and giving instructions for the layout, depth and diameter of
blast holes;
(c)
checking depth and cleanliness of blast holes;
(d)
determining quantity and type of explosives to be used;
(e)
loading explosives into blast holes;
(f)
assembling, or directing other workers to assemble, primer charges using
detonators and explosive cartridges, and attaching electrical wires, fuses and
detonating cords to primers;
(g)
connecting wires, fuses and detonator cords into series, testing
electrical circuits and repairing malfunctions, and connecting series to
blasting machines;
(h)
covering charges, filling blast holes with rock dust, sand and other
materials, and tamping material to compact charges;
(i)
ensuring that all explosives are detonated, and reporting and attending
to misfires;
(j)
declaring blast areas safe before and after detonation of explosives;
(k)
compiling and maintaining records about usage of explosives in
compliance with laws and regulations.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Blaster
▪ Powderman
▪ Powder monkey
▪ Shotfirer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Mining supervisor – 3121
▪ Driller (mining) – 8111
▪ Driller (oil or gas well) – 8113
▪ Mining labourer – 9311
▪ Quarry labourer – 9311
7543 Product Graders and Testers
(excluding Foods and Beverages)
Product graders and testers (excluding foods
and beverages) inspect, test, sort, sample and weigh raw materials,
manufactured components and non-comestible goods produced or sold, to ensure
compliance with quality standards, to identify defects, wear and deviations
from specifications, and to grade and classify them according to their quality.
Tasks include –
(a)
inspecting and testing products, parts and materials for conformity with
specifications and standards;
(b)
grading and classifying natural textile fibres for spinning and winding;
(c)
discarding or rejecting products, materials and equipment not meeting
specifications;
(d) analysing
and interpreting blueprints, data, manuals and other materials to determine
specifications, inspection and testing procedures;
(e)
notifying supervisors and other personnel of production problems, and
assisting in identifying and correcting these problems;
(f)
recording inspection or test data such as weights, temperatures, grades
or moisture content, and quantities inspected or graded;
(g)
marking items with details such as grade and acceptance or rejection
status;
(h)
measuring dimensions of products using instruments such as rulers,
calipers, gauges or micrometers;
(i) analysing test data and making computations
as necessary to determine test results.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Product grader
▪ Quality inspector
▪ Wool classer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Product safety inspector – 3257
▪ Food grader – 7515
▪ Fur grader – 7531
▪ Pelt grader – 7535
7544 Fumigators and Other Pest
and Weed Controllers
Fumigators and other pest and weed controllers
use chemicals to remove harmful insects, small animals, wild plants and other
unwanted organisms, to prevent damage to crops and to buildings and other
structures and their surroundings, and to prevent health risks.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring equipment for spraying pests and weeds;
(b)
mixing chemicals according to instructions;
(c)
covering areas to specified depths with pesticides, applying knowledge
of weather conditions, droplet sizes, elevation-to-distance ratios, and
obstructions;
(d)
spraying or releasing chemical solutions or toxic gases, and setting
traps to kill pests and vermin, such as mice, termites and roaches;
(e)
lifting, pushing and swinging nozzles, hoses and tubes in order to
direct spray over designated areas;
(f)
filling sprayer tanks with water and chemicals;
(g)
cleaning and servicing machinery to ensure operating efficiency.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Fumigator
▪ Pest controller
▪ Weed controller
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Aerial crop sprayer – 3153
7549 Craft and Related Workers
Not Elsewhere Classified
This group covers craft and trade occupations
not classified elsewhere in Major Group 7: Craft and Related Trades Workers. For instance, the group includes those who
mould, slice, grind and polish optical lenses and those who arrange flowers for
display.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a) heating, moulding and pressing optical
glass to make lens blanks;
(b) grinding and polishing lens blanks.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Flower arranger
▪
Optical lens finisher
▪
Optical lens moulder
Plant and machine operators and assemblers
operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the
spot or by remote control; drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile
machinery and equipment; or assemble products from component parts according to
strict specifications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupations
in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.
The work mainly calls for experience with and
an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment, as
well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to
technological innovations.
Tasks performed by plant and machine operators
and assemblers usually include:
operating and monitoring mining or other industrial machinery and equipment for
processing metal, minerals, glass, ceramics, wood, paper or chemicals; operating and monitoring machinery
and equipment used to produce articles made of metal, minerals, chemicals, rubber, plastics, wood,
paper, textiles, fur or leather, and which process foodstuffs and related
products; driving and operating trains and motor vehicles; driving, operating and monitoring mobile
industrial and agricultural machinery
and equipment; and assembling products from component parts according to
strict specifications and procedures.
Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations in this major group are classified
into the following sub-major groups:
81 Stationary Plant
and Machine Operators
82 Assemblers
83 Drivers and Mobile
Plant Operators
Note
Operators of machinery that involves automated
control of multiple processes or functions are included in Minor Group 313: Process control technicians.
Sub-major Group 81
Stationary Plant
and Machine Operators
Stationary plant and machine operators monitor and
operate stationary industrial plant, machinery and equipment, or for which
mobility is not an integral part of operation. Competent performance in most
occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill
level.
The work mainly calls for experience with and
an understanding of the industrial plant, machinery or equipment being operated
and monitored. Ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to
innovations in machinery and equipment are often required.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: setting up, operating and monitoring a variety of
stationary plant and machinery; detecting malfunctions and taking corrective
action; examining outputs for defects and conformity with specifications and
adjusting machine settings accordingly; performing maintenance, repairs and
cleaning; recording data and maintaining production records. Supervision of
other workers may be included.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
811 Mining and Mineral
Processing Plant Operators
812 Metal Processing
and Finishing Plant Operators
813 Chemical and
Photographic Products Plant and Machine Operators
814 Rubber, Plastic
and Paper Products Machine Operators
815 Textile, Fur and
Leather Products Machine Operators
816 Food and Related
Products Machine Operators
817 Wood Processing
and Papermaking Plant Operators
818 Other Stationary
Plant and Machine Operators
Note
Operators of machinery that involves automated
control of multiple processes or functions are included in Minor Group 313:
Process Control Technicians.
Minor
Group 811
Mining
and Mineral Processing Plant Operators
Mining and mineral processing plant operators
monitor and operate plant and machinery and operate hand tools to extract rocks
and minerals from the earth, process minerals and stone, drill wells and bores,
and manufacture and finish cement and stone products.
Tasks performed usually include: setting up,
operating and monitoring a variety of mining and mineral processing plant and
machinery such as drilling rigs and auxiliary machines and equipment,
continuous mining machinery, and cutting, crushing, grinding, pumping and
mixing plant and machinery; operating washing, separating, extracting and
combining equipment to remove waste and recover minerals; operating plant and
machinery to make cement, concrete, artificial stone, and precast concrete and
stone products; monitoring the performance of a variety of plant and machinery,
detecting malfunctions and taking corrective action; performing plant and
machinery maintenance, repairs and cleaning; and maintaining production
records.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
8111 Miners and
Quarriers
8112 Mineral and Stone
Processing Plant Operators
8113 Well Drillers and
Borers and Related Workers
8114 Cement, Stone and
Other Mineral Products Machine Operators
Note
Mining supervisors are classified in Unit Group 3121: Mining Supervisors.
8111 Miners and Quarriers
Miners and quarriers operate plant, machinery
and hand tools to extract rocks, mineral ores and other deposits from
underground and surface mines and quarries.
Tasks include –
(a)
positioning, operating and monitoring the performance of a variety of
underground and surface mining equipment including continuous mining, cutting
and channelling plant;
(b) setting up and operating drilling equipment
in underground and surface mines and quarries;
(c) operating machinery and using hand or power
tools to remove loosened rock, ore, coal and other deposits;
(d) preparing, fitting and installing supports
in underground workings including rock bolts;
(e) operating machinery to open new shafts,
drives, air vents and rises;
(f) operating auxiliary plant such as pumps to
expel air, water and mud;
(g) performing minor maintenance and repairs
and lubricating and cleaning plant, machines and tools;
(h) completing records detailing operations
completed during shifts;
(i) collecting mineral samples for laboratory
analysis.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bogger operator
▪ Continuous miner operator
▪ Dragline operator (mining)
▪ Driller (mining)
▪ Jumbo operator
▪ Miner
▪ Mining plant operator
▪ Quarrier
▪ Roof bolter (mining)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Mining supervisor – 3121
▪ Blaster – 7542
▪ Shotfirer – 7542
▪ Driller (oil or gas well) – 8113
▪ Mining labourer – 9311
▪ Quarry labourer – 9311
8112 Mineral and Stone Processing
Plant Operators
Mineral and stone processing plant operators
monitor and operate machinery and equipment for processing rocks, minerals and
stone to recover refined products for immediate use or further processing.
Tasks include –
(a)
setting up and operating stationary plant and machinery which grind,
crush, cut, saw and slice rocks, minerals and stones according to the
specifications for the job;
(b)
positioning blocks and slabs of stone onto machines for sawing, cutting
and further working;
(c)
monitoring and maintaining the flow of unprocessed rocks, minerals and
stones from conveyors into machines;
(d)
operating washing, separating, leaching, precipitating, filtering, extracting
and combining equipment to remove waste material and recover minerals;
(e)
combining mineral ores with solvents to facilitate further processing;
(f)
separating metal and mineral concentrates from ore and alluvial deposits
by thickening, flotation, gravity separation, filtration, or magnetic and
electrostatic separation;
(g)
observing meters, gauges and control panels, adjusting valves and
controls to ensure the safe and efficient operation of equipment, detecting
malfunctions and assisting with plant and machinery maintenance and repair;
(h)
examining processed materials visually or with hands to ensure
compliance with established standards and job specifications, and collecting
samples for testing in laboratories;
(i)
recording information about processing completed during shifts, such as
quantities, types and dimensions of materials produced;
(j)
sorting, stacking and moving processed minerals and stone for packaging,
further processing or shipping.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Coal washer
▪ Crusher operator (mineral or stone
processing)
▪ Flotation worker (mineral
processing)
▪ Gold precipitator
▪ Machine operator (stone cutting or
processing)
▪ Milling machine operator
(minerals)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Stone cutter (hand or hand-powered
tools) – 7113
▪ Stonemason – 7113
▪ Stone polisher (hand or
hand-powered tools) – 7113
▪ Stone splitter (hand or
hand-powered tools) – 7113
▪ Machine operator (cast stone
production) – 8114
▪ Stone polishing machine operator –
8114
8113 Well Drillers and Borers
and Related Workers
Well drillers and borers and related workers
position, assemble and operate drilling machinery and related equipment to sink
wells, extract rock samples, liquids and gases, or for a variety of other
purposes.
Tasks include –
(a)
dismantling, moving and assembling drilling rigs and auxiliary
equipment;
(b)
assembling and dismantling pipes, casings and drill heads, and replacing
dysfunctional equipment;
(c)
operating controls to lower and raise drill pipes and casings in and out
of wells, regulate pressure in the well and control the speed of tools;
(d)
preparing drilling fluid and checking the operation of pumps to ensure
adequate circulation of fluid in drill pipes and wells;
(e)
monitoring gauges and other indicators, listening to equipment to detect
malfunctions and unusual well conditions, and determining the need to change
drilling or equipment;
(f)
maintaining, adjusting, repairing and cleaning drilling rigs, hoisting
and other machinery;
(g)
maintaining records of drilling and servicing operations;
(h)
operating machines and tools to extract dust, cuttings and lost and
broken drilling equipment from holes and wells;
(i)
closing and sealing wells no longer in use;
(j)
supervising and train crew members.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bore sinker
▪ Boring equipment operator
▪ Derrickman
▪ Derrick operator
▪ Developmental driller
▪ Directional driller
▪ Driller (oil or gas well)
▪ Drilling plant operator
▪ Drilling rig operator
▪ Power-tong operator
▪ Toolpusher
▪ Tourpusher
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Blaster – 7542
▪ Miner – 8111
▪ Quarrier – 8111
8114 Cement, Stone and Other Mineral
Products Machine Operators
Cement, stone and other mineral products
machine operators monitor and operate machines for manufacturing and finishing
precast concrete, bitumen and stone products, and making cast stone for
building purposes.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating extrusion, moulding, mixing, pumping, compacting, grinding and
cutting machinery to manufacture and finish precast concrete and stone
products;
(b)
operating plant to produce cement, lime and clinker, including loading
and unloading ingredients and operating continuous feed equipment such as pumps
and conveyors;
(c)
operating plant and machines which weigh and mix sand, gravel, cement,
water and other ingredients to make concrete;
(d)
operating plant and machinery which assemble and fill moulds with
concrete and artificial stone mixtures, remove castings from moulds and finish
surfaces of precast products;
(e)
cutting, grinding, drilling, sandblasting and polishing concrete
products and stone blocks, slabs and products to the specifications for the
job;
(f)
checking production plans and specifications to determine and select
materials, ingredients, procedures, components, settings and adjustments for
extrusion, moulding, mixing and compacting machines;
(g)
monitoring plant and machines during operation by observing instruments
such as temperature and pressure gauges, adjusting controls and reporting
malfunctions as necessary;
(h)
collecting and examining samples of mixtures and finished products for
conformity with specifications and adjusting machine settings accordingly;
(i)
checking and maintaining production records, including information about
quantities, dimensions and types of materials and goods produced;
(j)
arranging and assisting with plant and machinery maintenance and repair.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cast-concrete products machine
operator
▪ Cast-stone products machine
operator
▪ Concrete finishing machine
opeerator
▪ Concrete production machine operator
▪ Industrial diamond polishing
machine operator
▪ Stone polishing machine operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Stone polisher (hand or
hand-powered tools) – 7113
▪ Stone processing machine operator –
8112
▪ Kiln operator (brick, pottery or
tiles)– 8181
▪ Extruding clay press operator –
8181
Note
Examples of products produced by operators of plant
and machines in this unit group include: mixed concrete for use in civil
engineering and construction projects, flagstones, concrete bricks and tiles,
fencing posts, moulded pipe sections and trench liners, concrete railway
sleepers, walling and partition slabs, building components, cable conduits,
fume and dust extraction conduits, abrasive wheels and outdoor furniture.
Minor
Group 812
Metal
Processing and Finishing Plant Operators
Metal processing and finishing plant operators
monitor and operate single-function process control machinery and equipment to
control the conversion, processing and finishing of mineral ores and metals.
Tasks performed usually include: setting up,
preparing and adjusting metal and ore processing and finishing machinery;
coordinating and monitoring the operation of a particular aspect of metal
processing production and finishing; verifying equipment for malfunctions,
monitoring gauges, carrying out routine operating tests and arranging for
maintenance; checking, testing and analysing sample products; recording data
and writing production logs.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
8121 Metal Processing
Plant Operators
8122 Metal Finishing,
Plating and Coating Machine Operators
8121 Metal Processing Plant Operators
Metal processing plant operators monitor, operate,
adjust and maintain single-function process machinery and equipment to process
and convert mineral ores and refine, harden, roll and extrude metals.
Tasks include –
(a)
setting up, preparing and adjusting mineral ore and metal processing
machinery to carry out one step in the overall mineral ore or metal processing
operation;
(b)
operating single-function machinery to grind, separate, filter, mix,
treat, cast, roll, refine or otherwise process metals and mineral ores;
(c)
observing gauges, meters, computer printouts, video monitors and
products to ensure the correct operation of machines and verify specified
processing conditions;
(d)
adjusting equipment, valves, pumps, controls and process equipment;
(e)
controlling the preparation, measuring and feeding of raw materials and
processing agents into the plant;
(f)
controlling process start-up and shut-down, troubleshooting and
monitoring outside process equipment;
(g)
verifying equipment for malfunctions, carrying out routine operating
tests and arranging for maintenance;
(h) analysing
sample products, performing tests, recording data and writing production logs.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Ladle pourer
▪ Metal extrusion plant operator
▪ Metal heat treating operator
▪ Steel roller
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Blast furnace operator – 3135
▪ Central control caster – 3135
▪ Rolling mill control operator –
3135
▪ Metal coating machine operator –
8122
8122 Metal Finishing, Plating
and Coating Machine Operators
Metal finishing, plating and coating machine
operators monitor and operate equipment which finishes, plates and coats metal
articles or parts in order to give them improved resistance to corrosion and
abrasion, for decorative purposes, or to impart electrical or magnetic
properties.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring equipment which cleans metal articles in
preparation for electroplating, galvanizing, enamelling or similar processes;
(b)
operating and monitoring electroplating equipment;
(c)
operating and monitoring hot-dip equipment used to coat iron and steel
products;
(d)
operating and monitoring machines which automatically coat wire with non-ferrous
metal;
(e)
operating and monitoring equipment used to spray molten metal or other
substances onto metal products to provide a protective or decorative coating or
to build up worn or damaged surfaces;
(f)
operating and monitoring equipment used to impart a rust-resistant
finish to metal articles by treating them with chemicals and heating them;
(g)
checking proper thickness of plating using micrometers, callipers or
other devices, recording data and writing production logs;
(h)
preparing and mixing metallizing solutions according to formulas or
specifications.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Metal coating machine operator
▪ Metal finishing machine operator
▪ Metal plating machine operator
▪ Metal polishing machine operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Metal production process controller
– 3135
▪ Vehicle painter – 7132
Minor
Group 813
Chemical
and Photographic Products Plant and Machine Operators
Chemical and photographic products plant and
machine operators monitor and operate machines which process a variety of
chemicals and other ingredients to produce pharmaceuticals, toiletries,
explosives, photographic or other chemical products.
Tasks performed usually include: operating and
monitoring machines and equipment which blend, mix, package and otherwise
process chemicals and chemical products to give them the desired properties for
further industrial production, or to make finished products. Supervision of
other workers may be included.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
8131 Chemical Products
Plant and Machine Operators
8132 Photographic
Products Machine Operators
8131 Chemical Products Plant
and Machine Operators
Chemical products plant and machine operators
monitor and operate units and machinery to blend, mix, process and package a
wide range of chemical products.
Tasks include –
(a) setting up, starting, controlling,
adjusting and stopping machines and plant;
(b) monitoring reaction processes and transfers
of products in conformity with safety procedures;
(c) monitoring meters, gauges and electronic
instrumentation on one or more chemical or formulation units, such as mixers,
kettles, blenders, dryers, or tabletting, encapsulation, granulation and
coating machines;
(d) measuring, weighing and loading chemical
ingredients following formulation cards;
(e) making samples and performing routine
chemical and physical tests of products and recording production data;
(f) cleaning and performing minor repairs to
machines and plant.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Candle production machine operator
▪ Explosive products machine
operator
▪ Pharmaceutical and toiletry
products machine operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Chemical processing plant
controller – 3133
▪ Petroleum and natural gas refining
plant operator – 3134
8132 Photographic Products Machine
Operators
Photographic products machine operators operate
and monitor equipment which makes photographic film and paper, and which
processes exposed photographic film and makes prints.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring equipment which makes photographic film and
paper;
(b)
operating, monitoring and testing photographic processing and printing
equipment, and maintaining operational standards;
(c)
preparing exposed film for different processing batches in dark rooms
and dark chambers;
(d)
inspecting images, films and prints, and adjusting settings on
printmaking equipment to produce the required colour, brightness, contrast,
number, size and type of prints;
(e)
adjusting settings and running automatic developing equipment;
(f)
operating equipment to transfer film to videotape or other electronic
media;
(g)
performing photographic processing-related tasks;
(h)
operating automatic equipment (in retail establishments) to develop
colour negatives, prints and slides.
Examples of occupations classified
here:
▪ Colour developer (film)
▪ Darkroom technician
▪ Developing machine operator
(photography)
▪ Enlarging machine operator
▪ Photograph enlarger
▪ Photographic film machine operator
▪ Photographic film printer
▪ Photographic processor
▪ Photograph printer
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Photographer – 3431
▪ Photolithographer – 7321
Minor
Group 814
Rubber,
Plastic and Paper Products Machine Operators
Rubber, plastic and paper products machine
operators monitor and operate machines which knead and blend rubber and rubber
compounds and produce various components and products from natural and
synthetic rubber and plastics, or produce different paper products from paper,
paperboard, cardboard and similar materials.
Tasks performed usually include: operating and
monitoring machines which knead and blend rubber and rubber compounds and
produce various components and products from natural and synthetic rubber and
plastics; operating and monitoring machines which produce various paper
products; examining outputs for defects and conformity to specifications and
adjusting machine settings accordingly.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
8141 Rubber Products
Machine Operators
8142 Plastic Products
Machine Operators
8143 Paper Products
Machine Operators
8141 Rubber Products Machine Operators
Rubber products machine operators monitor and
operate machines which knead and blend rubber and rubber compounds and produce
various components and products from natural and synthetic rubber, such as
moulded footwear, domestic articles, insulating materials, industrial
accessories or tyres.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring machines which knead, mix and blend rubber and
rubber compounds for further processing;
(b)
operating and monitoring machines which produce sheets of rubber or
rubberized fabric by a rolling process;
(c)
operating and monitoring machines which extrude compounded rubber or
shape vulcanized rubber by moulding;
(d)
operating and monitoring machines which build up tyres on a form,
vulcanize tyres and mould or rebuild used tyres;
(e)
examining outputs for defects and conformity to specifications;
(f) locating
defects and repairing worn and faulty tyres by vulcanizing or other processes.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Latex worker
▪ Rubber extruding machine operator
▪ Rubber milling machine operator
▪ Rubber moulder
▪ Rubber products machine operator
▪ Tyre maker
▪ Tyre repairer
▪ Vulcanizer
8142 Plastic Products Machine Operators
Plastic products machine operators monitor and
operate machines which knead and blend compounds to obtain plastic materials
and which make various plastic components and articles.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring machines which knead and blend compounds to
obtain plastic materials;
(b)
operating and monitoring machines which shape plastic materials by
moulding, extrusion, blowing, cutting and other means;
(c)
operating and monitoring machines which laminate plastics and plastic-impregnated
materials or produce fibreglass;
(d)
encasing uncoated wire, cord, cable and optic fibre in plastic;
(e)
examining outputs for defects and conformity to specifications;
(f)
recycling waste plastic materials;
(g)
making artificial eyes and contact lens discs, making and repairing
spectacle frames and plastic parts of orthopaedic appliances.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Laminated press operator
(plastics)
▪ Optic fibre drawer
▪ Plastic cable making machine
operator
▪ Plastic extrusion machine operator
▪ Plastic moulder
▪ Plastics boat builder
▪ Plastics bottle blowing machine
operator
▪ Plastics products machine operator
8143 Paper Products Machine Operators
Paper products machine operators monitor and
operate machines which produce boxes, envelopes, bags and other goods from
paper, paperboard, cardboard and similar materials.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring machines which glue paper to cardboard, cut it
to the required length or cut and crease cardboard or paperboard to form box
blanks;
(b)
operating and monitoring pressing machines which form drinking cups or
other containers from paper, paperboard or cardboard;
(c)
operating and monitoring machines which cut, fold and glue paper to make
envelopes and paper bags, or which form bags from other similar material.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Machine operator (cardboard
products)
▪ Machine operator (envelope and
paper bag production)
▪ Machine operator (paper box
production)
▪ Paper products machine operator
▪ Papier maché moulder
Minor
Group 815
Textile,
Fur and Leather Products Machine Operators
Textile, fur and leather products machine
operators monitor and operate various types of machines which prepare, process
and treat fibres, yarn, thread, leather or fur; produce, modify and repair
footwear and garments; and manufacture or dry clean textiles, fur or light
leather articles.
Tasks performed usually include: operating and
monitoring weaving and knitting machines which process yarn or thread into
woven, non-woven and knitted products; operating and monitoring machines which
prepare fibres, and spin, double, twist and wind yarn and thread from natural
textile fibres; operating and monitoring sewing machines to make, repair, darn
and renovate textile, fur, synthetic or leather garments or embroider
ornamental designs on garments or other materials; operating and
monitoring machines which bleach,
shrink, dye and otherwise treat fibres, yarn and cloth, or which dry clean
garments, fur, rugs and carpets; operating and monitoring various machines which prepare leather or treat fur-
or wool-bearing pelts; operating and monitoring machines which produce, modify
and repair standard, custom or orthopaedic footwear and leather articles such as luggage, briefcases
and handbags.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
8151 Fibre Preparing,
Spinning and Winding Machine Operators
8152 Weaving and
Knitting Machine Operators
8153 Sewing Machine
Operators
8154 Bleaching, Dyeing
and Fabric Cleaning Machine Operators
8155 Fur and Leather
Preparing Machine Operators
8156 Shoemaking and
Related Machine Operators
8157 Laundry Machine
Operators
8159 Textile, Fur and
Leather Products Machine Operators Not Elsewhere Classified
8151 Fibre Preparing, Spinning
and Winding Machine Operators
Fibre preparing, spinning and winding machine operators
monitor and operate machines which prepare fibres, and spin, double, twist and
wind yarn and thread from natural textile fibres. They twist two or more
strands of yarn to prepare single stronger, smoother, uniform and heavier
strands, and treat textiles to make them stiff and water resistant.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring machines
for tearing woollen rags into fibre;
(b)
operating and monitoring machines for cleaning and turning woollen yarn
waste into fluffed wool;
(c)
operating and monitoring machines which combine textile fibres into
uniform blends;
(d)
operating and monitoring machines which clean and fluff textile
fibres, transform them into sliver, comb
them into sliver for first drawing, combine slivers into sliver lap or sliver
laps into ribbon lap;
(e)
operating draw frames (machines) having numbers of drawing sets, each
set combining several slivers into one of nearly the same weight and thickness
as any of the original slivers;
(f)
operating and monitoring machines which spin thread and yarn from
roving, wind two or more threads onto a bobbin, twist two or more strands of
yarn or thread into single strands of yarn to increase strength, smoothness
and/or uniformity of yarn, or wind yarn or thread from one package to another;
(g)
operating and monitoring spinning frames that draw out and twist roving
or sliver into yarn;
(h)
operating and monitoring machines
for drawing slivers received from drawing machines into loosely twisted
strands;
(i)
preparing sizing for use in stiffening and finishing cloth and yarn by
mixing ingredients such as starch, tallow, resins and soaps with water and
boiling mixture for specified times in steam;
(j)
treating textiles with chemicals to make them water resistant;
(k)
cleaning rollers and cylinders of carding machines to remove wool waste;
(l)
operating and resurfacing metal drawing rolls of various spinning,
combing and lapping machines with new rubber or leather covers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Fibre combing machine operator
▪ Fibre
preparing machine operator
▪ Thread
and yarn spinning machine operator
▪ Thread
and yarn twisting machine operator
▪ Thread
and yarn winding machine operator
8152 Weaving and Knitting Machine Operators
Weaving and knitting machine operators set up,
operate and monitor weaving and knitting machines which process yarn or thread
into woven, non-woven and knitted products such as cloth, lace, carpets,
industrial fabric, hosiery and knitted garments, or to quilt and embroider
fabric.
Tasks include –
(a)
setting up and operating batteries of automatic, link-type knitting
machines to knit garments of specified pattern and design;
(b)
threading yarn, thread and fabric through guides, needles and rollers of
machines for weaving, knitting or other processing;
(c)
tending automatic looms that simultaneously weave pile yarn, filling
yarn and warp yarn material to produce carpets and rugs with various coloured
designs;
(d)
operating and monitoring looms on which yarn or twist is intersected and
knotted at regular intervals to form mesh;
(e)
operating and monitoring large automatic multi-needle machines to
embroider material or to sew lengths of several layers of material to make yard
goods, quilts or mattress coverings;
(f)
tending circular knitting machines with automatic pattern controls that
knit seamless hose;
(g)
operating and monitoring knitting machines to knit hosiery to shape of
foot and leg;
(h)
operating and monitoring machines for knitting heels and toes of socks
into ribs or tops cut from circular fabric;
(i)
operating and monitoring machines which seam openings in toes of socks;
(j)
operating and monitoring crochet machines to knit lace, trimming, etc.
of desired patterns or design;
(k)
examining looms to determine causes of loom stoppage, such as warp
filling, harness breaks or mechanical defects;
(l)
repairing or replacing worn or defective needles and other components;
(m)
cleaning, oiling and lubricating machines, using air hoses, cleaning
solutions, rags, oil cans and/or grease guns.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Carpet
weaving machine operator
▪ Knitting
machine operator
▪ Net
production machine operator
▪ Weaving
machine operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Carpet
weaver – 7318
▪ Cloth
weaver – 7318
▪ Knitter –
7318
8153 Sewing Machine Operators
Sewing machine operators monitor and operate sewing
machines to make, repair, darn and renovate textile, fur, synthetic or leather
garments, or embroider ornamental designs on garments or other materials. They
operate buttonhole making and eyelet holing machines to cut holes, stitch
around holes, stitch buttons and fix eyelets to garments.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating or tending sewing machines to perform garment sewing
operations such as joining, reinforcing, seaming or decorating garments or
garment parts;
(b)
attaching buttons, hooks, zippers, fasteners or other accessories to
fabric, using feeding hoppers or clamp holders;
(c)
tending semiautomatic sewing machines with multiple-sewing heads
controlled by pattern chains that embroider various designs on garments;
(d)
operating machines such as single or double needle sergers and flat-bed
felling machines to automatically join, reinforce or decorate material or
articles;
(e)
operating fur sewing machines to join fur pelt strips to required size
and shape and join pelts into garment sections or shells;
(f)
operating stitching machines to sew leather parts together for leather
garments, handbags, gloves or similar items;
(g)
monitoring machine operations to detect problems such as defective
stitching, breaks in thread or machine malfunctions;
(h)
performing equipment maintenance tasks such as replacing needles.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Embroidery
machine operator
▪ Sewing
machine operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Textiles handicraft worker – 7318
▪ Furrier – 7531
▪ Tailor –
7531
▪
Embroiderer – 7533
▪ Sewer –
7533
8154 Bleaching, Dyeing and Fabric
Cleaning Machine Operators
Bleaching, dyeing and fabric cleaning machine
operators operate and monitor machines that bleach, shrink, dye and otherwise
treat fibres, yarn or cloth.
Tasks include –
(a)
starting and controlling machines and equipment to bleach, dye or
otherwise process and finish fabric, yarn, thread and/or other textile goods;
(b)
tending machines that shrink woven or knitted cloth to predetermined
size or strengthen the weave by interlocking the fibres;
(c)
tending a variety of automatic machines that comb and polish furs;
(d)
operating and monitoring machines that treat silk to give it body and
weight;
(e)
operating and monitoring machines that impregnate textiles with
chemicals to render them waterproof;
(f)
dyeing articles to change or restore their colours;
(g)
operating and monitoring machines that stretch or impart lustre or other
type of finish to textiles;
(h)
tending and regulating equipment that fumigates and removes foreign
matter from furs;
(i)
operating machines that comb, dry and polish furs, and clean, sterilize
and fluff feathers and blankets;
(j)
keying in processing instructions to programme electronic equipment;
(k)
observing display screens, control panels, equipment and cloth entering
or exiting processes to determine if equipment is operating correctly;
(l)
cleaning machine filters and lubricating equipment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Fabric
bleaching machine operator
▪ Textile
dyeing machine operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Textile
printer – 7322
▪ Laundry
machine operator – 8157
▪ Hand
launderer – 9121
▪ Hand
presser – 9121
8155 Fur and Leather Preparing
Machine Operators
Fur and leather preparing machine operators
monitor and operate various machines that prepare leather or treat fur- or
wool-bearing pelts. They trim, scrape, clean, tan, buff and dye animal hides,
pelts or skins to produce leather stock and finished furs.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring machines which remove flesh and fat from hides
or pelts to clean and soften them prior to processing;
(b)
operating and monitoring machines which remove long coarse hair from fur
pelts, trim hair to even length and dye, stretch and smooth dressed pelts;
(c)
operating and monitoring machines to remove epidermis hair roots,
pigment cells and lime salts from the grain side of skin;
(d)
operating and monitoring machines to reduce thickness of hide or skin to
uniform size;
(e)
operating and monitoring machines to polish or roughen hides or skins to
specified finishes;
(f)
operating and monitoring machines which separate residual wool from
skins, or flesh and hair from hides;
(g)
operating and monitoring machines in which hides are split edgeways to
form two or more pieces or to give uniform thickness;
(h)
operating and monitoring machines which treat hides and skins in
solutions to convert them into leather;
(i)
treating surfaces of leather with oil and operating glazing machines to
give glossy finishes to leather;
(j)
operating and monitoring machines which apply dyes and stains to leather;
(k)
maintaining and repairing vats and other machinery.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Hide
dehairing machine operator
▪ Leather
staining machine operator
▪ Tanning
machine operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Pelt dresser
– 7535
▪ Tanner –
7535
8156 Shoemaking and Related Machine
Operators
Shoemaking and related machine operators
monitor and operate machines which produce and repair standard or special
footwear, handbags and other accessories, mainly made of leather.
Tasks include –
(a) operating
and monitoring machines which mark patterns and cut shoe parts;
(b)
operating and monitoring machines which sew shoe parts together, or
edge, polish, or apply ornaments and perform finishing tasks;
(c)
operating and monitoring machines which produce luggage, handbags, belts
and other accessories, as well as other items such as saddles, collars or
harnesses.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Machine
operator (footwear production)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Handicraft
worker (leather) – 7318
▪ Cobbler –
7536
8157 Laundry Machine Operators
Laundry machine operators operate laundry, dry-cleaning,
pressing and fabric treatment machines in laundries and dry-cleaning
establishments.
Tasks include –
(a)
sorting articles for cleaning according to the type, colour, fabric and
cleaning treatment required;
(b)
placing sorted articles into receptacles and onto conveyor belts for
moving to repair and cleaning areas;
(c)
checking and removing stains from garments, replacing buttons and making
minor repairs;
(d)
loading and unloading washing machines, driers and extractors;
(e)
adding cleaning agents and starches to articles;
(f)
smoothing articles and guiding them through cleaning and pressing
machines;
(g)
stopping and starting machines to untangle, straighten and remove
articles;
(h)
placing articles on shelves and hanging articles for delivery and
collection;
(i)
packaging articles and preparing orders for despatch.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪
Dry-cleaning machine operator
▪ Laundry
machine operator
▪ Pressing
machine operator (laundry)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Hand
launderer – 9121
▪ Hand
presser – 9121
8159 Textile, Fur and Leather Products
Machine Operators Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group covers textile, fur and leather
products machine operators not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 815:
Textile, Fur and Leather Products Machine Operators. For instance, the group
includes those engaged in operating and monitoring machines which make hats,
tents, mattresses or miscellaneous articles such as braids or other trimmings.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
operating and monitoring machines which form and make hats out of
textiles, fur or leather;
(b)
operating and monitoring machines which make miscellaneous articles such
as braids or other trimmings;
(c)
operating and monitoring machines which fold cloth into measured length;
(d)
operating and monitoring machines which wind thread, twine or yarn into
balls preparatory to shipping or further processing;
(e)
operating and monitoring machines to measure size of pieces of leather.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Braid
making machine operator
▪ Hat making
machine operator
▪ Tent
making machine operator
▪ Textile
patternmaking machine operator
Minor
Group 816
Food
and Related Products Machine Operators
Food and related products machine operators
set, operate and attend machinery used to slaughter animals and trim meat from
carcasses, and to bake, freeze, heat, crush, mix, blend and otherwise process
foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco leaves.
Task performed usually include: operating and
monitoring machinery used to restrain, stun and slaughter animals, and to trim
carcasses into standard meat and fish cuts; setting, operating and attending
machinery and ovens to mix, bake and otherwise prepare bread and flour
confectionery products; operating machinery to crush, mix, malt, cook and
ferment grains and fruits to produce beer, wines, malt liquors, vinegar, yeast
and related products; attending equipment to make jam, toffee, cheese,
processed cheese, margarine, syrup, ice, pasta, icecream, sausages, chocolate,
maize starch, edible fats and dextrin; operating equipment to cool, heat, dry,
roast, blanch, pasteurize, smoke, sterilize, freeze, evaporate and concentrate
foodstuffs and liquids used in food processing; mixing, pulping, grinding,
blending and separating foodstuffs and liquids with churning, pressing,
sieving, grinding and filtering equipment; processing tobacco leaves by machine
to make cigarettes, cigars, pipe and other tobacco products.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
8160 Food and Related
Products Machine Operators
8160 Food and Related Products
Machine Operators
Food and related products machine operators
set, operate and attend machinery used to slaughter animals and trim meat from
carcasses; bake, freeze, heat, crush, mix, blend and otherwise process
foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco leaves.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring machinery used to restrain, stun and slaughter
animals and to trim carcasses into standard meat and fish cuts;
(b)
setting, operating and attending machinery and ovens to mix, bake and
otherwise prepare bread and flour confectionery products;
(c)
operating machinery to crush, mix, malt, cook and ferment grains and
fruits to produce beer, wines, malt liquors, vinegar, yeast and related
products;
(d)
attending equipment to make jam, toffee, cheese, processed cheese,
margarine, syrup, ice, pasta, ice-cream, sausages, chocolate, maize starch,
edible fats and dextrin;
(e)
operating equipment to cool, heat, dry, roast, blanch, pasteurize,
smoke, sterilize, freeze, evaporate and concentrate foodstuffs and liquids used
in food processing;
(f)
mixing, pulping, grinding, blending and separating foodstuffs and
liquids with churning, pressing, sieving, grinding and filtering equipment;
(g)
processing tobacco leaves by machine to make cigarettes, cigars, pipe
and other tobacco products.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bakery products machine operator
▪ Bread production machine operator
▪ Chocolate production machine
operator
▪ Cigarette production machine
operator
▪ Cigar production machine operator
▪ Dairy products machine operator
▪ Fish processing machine operator
▪ Meat processing machine operator
▪ Milk processing machine operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Bottling machine operator – 8183
Minor
Group 817
Wood Processing
and Papermaking Plant Operators
Wood processing and papermaking plant operators
monitor, operate and control machinery to saw wood, cut veneer, make plywood,
produce pulp and paper and to otherwise prepare wood, pulp and paper for
further use.
Tasks performed usually include: examining logs
and rough lumber to determine size, condition, quality and other
characteristics to decide best lumber cuts to carry out, or operating automated
equipment to convey logs through laser scanners which determine the most
productive and profitable cutting patterns;
sorting, stacking and placing logs and wood
billets onto conveyors and lathes from trucks for processing into chips,
veneers and pulp; operating and
monitoring screening equipment, bleaching equipment, digesters, mixing tanks,
washers and other pulp processing machinery and equipment to carry out one or
more cellulose processing steps; operating and monitoring papermaking and
finishing process machinery and equipment to dry, calender, laminate, coat,
slit, trim, wind or carry out other papermaking and finishing process steps;
observing equipment and machinery panel indicators, gauges, level indicators
and other equipment instruments to detect machinery and equipment malfunctions
and ensure process steps are carried out according to specifications; operating and monitoring plywood core-laying
machines and hot-plate plywood presses and machines which cut veneer; transporting processed wood products to work
areas.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
8171 Pulp and
Papermaking Plant Operators
8172 Wood Processing
Plant Operators
8171 Pulp and Papermaking Plant
Operators
Pulp and papermaking plant operators monitor and
operate equipment to process wood, pulp and other cellulose materials in the
production of pulp and to produce coat and finish paper.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring screening and bleaching equipment, digesters,
mixing tanks, washers and other pulp processing machinery and equipment to
carry out one or more cellulose processing steps;
(b) operating and monitoring papermaking and
finishing process machinery and equipment to dry, calender, laminate, coat,
slit, trim, wind or carry out other papermaking and finishing process steps;
(c)
controlling start-up and shut-down of machinery and equipment, and
observing equipment and machinery panel indicators, gauges and other equipment
to detect machinery and equipment malfunctions and ensure that process steps
are carried out according to specifications;
(d) communicating
with process control operators to make process adjustments and to start up or
shut down machinery and equipment as required;
(e) analysing
instrument readings and production test samples and making adjustments to the production
process and equipment as required;
(f) mounting, positioning and threading paper
rolls using a hoist;
(g)
inspecting paper visually for wrinkles, holes, discoloration, streaks or
other defects, and taking corrective action;
(h)
completing and maintaining production reports.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Calender operator (pulp and paper)
▪ Pulp and paper grinder operator
▪ Repulper operator
▪ Sheeter operator (pulp and paper)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Paper pulp refinery operator –
3139
▪ Pulping control operator –
3139
▪ Pulping technician – 3139
8172 Wood Processing Plant Operators
Wood processing plant operators monitor,
operate and control lumber mill equipment for sawing timber logs into rough
lumber, cutting veneer, making plywood and particle board, and otherwise
preparing wood for further use.
Tasks include –
(a)
examining logs and rough lumber to determine size, condition, quality
and other characteristics to decide best lumber cuts to carry out, or operating
automated equipment to convey logs through laser scanners which determine the
most productive and profitable cutting patterns;
(b)
operating and monitoring log in-feed and conveyor systems;
(c)
operating and monitoring head saws, resaws and multiblade saws to
saw logs, cants, flitches, slabs or wings and remove rough edges from sawn timber
into dressed lumber of various sizes, and to saw or split shingles and shakes;
(d)
operating and monitoring plywood core-laying machines and hot-plate
plywood presses and machines which cut veneer;
(e)
cleaning and lubricating sawmill equipment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Circular saw operator
▪ Log cut-off operator
▪ Plywood press-operator
▪ Sawmill operator
▪ Sawmill planer operator
▪ Sawmill trimmer operator
▪ Wood processing plant sawyer
▪ Veneer lathe operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Timber treating tank operator – 7521
▪ Veneer
dryer tender – 7521
▪ Wood working machine operator – 7523
Minor
Group 818
Other
Stationary Plant and Machine Operators
This unit group includes stationary plant and
machine operators not classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 81: Stationary Plant
and Machine Operators. The group includes, for instance, operators of machines
which make silicon chips and splice cables and ropes.
Tasks performed usually include: monitoring
kilns, furnaces and other machinery and equipment used in the manufacture of
glass, ceramics, porcelain, tiles or bricks; operating machines to anneal,
harden or decorate glass and ceramics; maintaining and operating stationary
steam engines, boilers, turbines and auxiliary equipment; operating and monitoring machines which weigh, pack and label
products, or fill containers with products.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
8181 Glass and
Ceramics Plant Operators
8182 Steam Engine and
Boiler Operators
8183 Packing, Bottling
and Labelling Machine Operators
8189 Stationary Plant
and Machine Operators Not Elsewhere Classified
8181 Glass and Ceramics Plant Operators
Glass and ceramics plant operators monitor and
operate kilns, furnaces and other machinery and equipment used in the
manufacture of glass, ceramics, porcelain, tiles or bricks. They operate
machines to anneal, harden or decorate glass and ceramics.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring glass-making furnaces to make glass by melting
and fusing pre-mixed ingredients;
(b)
tending hot- or cold-end spray equipment used to coat glassware with
surface hardener;
(c)
operating and maintaining machines that press or blow molten glass into
moulds to form or shape containers such as bottles, jars and drinking glasses;
(d)
operating hand presses to mould glass into required shape;
(e)
operating drawing kilns to process molten glass into continuous sheets
of flat glass;
(f)
operating and monitoring floating-glass production plants;
(g)
operating and maintaining finishing machines to grind, drill, sand,
bevel, decorate, wash or polish glass or glass products;
(h)
setting and operating press machines to mould ceramic articles from
moist clay;
(i)
operating machines to mix clay with water to knead it into a suitable
plastic condition or semi-liquid form for making ceramic products;
(j)
operating and monitoring kilns which bake pottery, porcelain ware,
bricks and tiles;
(k)
operating and monitoring machines for making glaze or abrasives;
(l)
operating and monitoring machines which extrude molten glass to form
fibreglass filaments;
(m)
observing finished products to identify splits, cracks, breaks, colour
and other imperfections.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Brick kiln operator
▪ Ceramics painting machine operator
▪ Clay mixing machine operato3
▪ Extruding clay press operator
▪ Furnace operator (glass
production)
▪ Glass blowing machine operator
▪ Glass mixing machine operator
▪ Glass production furnace operator
▪ Pottery kiln operator
▪ Tile kiln operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Brick and tile moulder – 7314
▪ Glass blower – 7315
▪ Glass cutter – 7315
8182 Steam Engine and Boiler Operators
Steam engine and boiler operators maintain and
operate various types of steam engines, boilers, turbines and auxiliary
equipment to provide power and other utility services for commercial,
industrial and institutional buildings, at work sites and aboard ships or
self-propelled vessels.
Tasks include –
(a) operating, cleaning, lubricating and
monitoring steam engines, boilers and auxiliary equipment such as pumps,
compressors and air-conditioning equipment to supply and maintain steam and
power for buildings, marine vessels or pneumatic tools;
(b) analysing
and recording instrument readings, troubleshooting and performing minor repairs
to prevent equipment or system failure;
(c)
monitoring and inspecting performance of equipment for efficient
operation and ensuring that boiler water, chemicals and fuel are maintained at
required levels;
(d)
firing coal furnaces by hand or with stokers and gas- or oil-fed
boilers, using automatic gas feeds or oil pumps;
(e)
testing boiler water quality or arranging for testing, adjusting and
taking necessary corrective action, such as adding chemicals to prevent
corrosion and harmful deposits;
(f)
monitoring ship’s engine, machinery and equipment indicators, recording
variables and reporting abnormalities to the ship’s engineer officer on watch;
(g)
operating and maintaining off-loading liquid pumps and valves.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Boiler tender
▪ Ship’s boiler operator
▪ Stationary engineer
▪ Steam engine operator
▪ Stoker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Ship’s engineer – 3151
▪ Stationary engine fitter – 7233
8183 Packing, Bottling and Labelling
Machine Operators
Packing, bottling and labelling machine
operators monitor and operate machines which weigh, pack and label various
products or fill different containers with products.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring machines that weigh, wrap, seal and pack
various products;
(b)
operating and monitoring machines that fill and seal tubes, bottles,
cans, boxes, bags and other containers with products such as food, beverages,
paints, oils and lotions;
(c)
operating and monitoring machines that, by gluing or other methods,
label products, packages and various containers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bottle filler
▪ Canning machine operator
▪ Labelling machine operator
▪ Packing machine operator
▪ Wrapping machine operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Hand packer – 9321
8189 Stationary Plant and Machine
Operators Not Elsewhere Classified
This unit group includes stationary plant and
machine operators not classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 81: Stationary Plant
and Machine Operators. The group includes, for instance, operators of machines
which make silicon chips and splice cables and ropes.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cable and rope splicing machine
operator
▪ Silicon chip production machine
operator
Sub-major Group 82
Assemblers
Assemblers assemble prefabricated parts or
components to form subassemblies, products and equipment, according to procedures
strictly laid down. The products worked on may be moved from one worker to the
next along assembly lines. Competent
performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the
second ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: assembling components into various types of product and
equipment, according to strictly laid down procedures; reviewing work orders,
specifications, diagrams and drawings to determine materials needed and
assembly instructions; recording production and operational data on specified
forms; inspecting and testing completed components and assemblies, wiring
installations and circuits; rejecting faulty assemblies and components.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor group:
821 Assemblers
Minor Group 821
Assemblers
Assemblers assemble prefabricated parts or
components to form subassemblies, products and equipment, according to procedures
strictly laid down. The products worked on may be moved from one worker to the
next along assembly lines.
Tasks performed usually include: assembling
components into various types of product and equipment, according to procedures
strictly laid down; reviewing work orders, specifications, diagrams and
drawings to determine materials needed and assembly instructions; recording
production and operational data on specified forms; inspecting and testing
completed components and assemblies, wiring installations and circuits;
rejecting faulty assemblies and components.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
8211 Mechanical
Machinery Assemblers
8212 Electrical and
Electronic Equipment Assemblers
8219 Assemblers Not
Elsewhere Classified
8211 Mechanical Machinery Assemblers
Mechanical machinery assemblers assemble,
according to procedures strictly laid down, component parts of mechanical
machinery such as engines, motor vehicles, turbines and aircraft.
Tasks include –
(a)
assembling and installing prefabricated parts or components to form
subassemblies, mechanical machinery, engines and finished motor vehicles;
(b)
reviewing work orders, specifications, diagrams and drawings to
determine materials needed and assembly instructions;
(c) recording
production and operational data on specified forms;
(d) inspecting
and testing completed components and assemblies;
(e)
rejecting faulty assemblies and components.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Aircraft assembler
▪ Bench fitter (trucks)
▪ Engine assembler
▪ Engine installer
▪ Gearbox assembler
▪ Turbine assembler
▪ Vehicle assembler
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Motor vehicle mechanic – 7231
▪ Electromechanical equipment
assembler – 8212
▪ Bicycle assembler – 8219
8212 Electrical and Electronic
Equipment Assemblers
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers
assemble or modify, according to procedures strictly laid down, components of
electrical, electromechanical and electronic equipment.
Tasks include –
(a)
assembling component parts and electrical and electronic systems and
positioning, aligning and fastening units to assemblies, subassemblies or
frames using hand or power tools, soldering and micro-welding equipment.;
(b)
reviewing work orders, specifications, diagrams and drawings to
determine materials needed and assembly instructions;
(c)
recording production and operational data on specified forms;
(d)
operating wire-coiling machines to wind wire coils used in electrical
equipment and components such as registers, transformers, armature wires,
electric motors and generators;
(e)
inspecting and testing completed components and assemblies, wiring
installations and circuits, and rejecting faulty assembly components.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Armature assembler
▪ Electrical equipment assembler
▪ Electromechanical equipment
assembler
▪ Electronic equipment assembler
▪ Etcher (printed circuit board)
▪ Telephone assembler
▪ Television assembler
▪ Watch assembler
Some related occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Precision-instrument maker – 7311
▪ Electronics mechanics and servicer
– 7421
8219 Assemblers Not Elsewhere Classified
Assemblers not elsewhere classified assemble,
according to procedures strictly laid down, various products that do not include
electronic, electrical, or mechanical components.
Tasks include –
(a)
assembling component parts and positioning, aligning and fastening units
to assemblies, subassemblies or frames using hand or power tools, soldering and
micro-welding equipment;
(b)
reviewing work orders, specifications, diagrams and drawings to
determine materials needed and assembly instructions;
(c)
recording production and operational data on specified forms;
(d)
inspecting and testing components and completed assemblies;
(e)
rejecting faulty products.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Ammunition assembler
▪ Bicycle assembler
▪ Box builder
▪ Door assembler
▪ Eyeglass frame assembler
▪ Furniture finisher (wood)
▪ Jewellery assembler
▪ Knife assembler
▪ Leather products assembler
▪ Luggage finisher
▪ Metal products assembler (except
mechanical)
▪ Paperboard products assembler
▪ Pen and pencil assembler
▪ Plastic products assembler
▪ Plastic toy assembler
▪ Rubber products assembler
▪ Sun-blinds assembler
▪ Textile products assembler
▪ Thermos bottle assembler
▪ Wood products assembler
Sub-major
Group 83
Drivers and Mobile Plant
Operators
Drivers and mobile plant operators drive and
tend trains and motor vehicles, or drive, operate and monitor industrial and
agricultural machinery and equipment, or execute deck duties on board ship and
other water-borne craft. Competent performance in most occupations in this
sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: driving and
tending trains and motor vehicles; driving, operating and monitoring mobile
industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment; carrying out deck duties
on board ship and other water-borne craft.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
831 Locomotive Engine
Drivers and Related Workers
832 Car, Van and
Motorcycle Drivers
833 Heavy Truck and
Bus Drivers
834 Mobile Plant
Operators
835 Ships’ Deck Crews
and Related Workers
Minor
Group 831
Locomotive
Engine Drivers and Related Workers
Locomotive engine drivers and related workers
drive, or assist in driving, locomotive engines to transport passengers and freight;
take charge of and safeguard railway freight trains during runs; control the
movement of railway traffic by operating signals; switch rolling stock and make
up trains in railway yards; make up trains for hauling in mines; and control
their movement.
Tasks performed usually include: driving or
assisting in driving railway engines, operating railway signals, switching
rolling stock and making up trains in railway yards, making up trains in mines
and controlling their movement.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
8311 Locomotive Engine
Drivers
8312 Railway Brake,
Signal and Switch Operators
8311 Locomotive Engine Drivers
Locomotive engine drivers drive, or assist in
driving, locomotive engines to transport passengers and freight.
Tasks include –
(a)
driving or assisting in driving a steam, electric or diesel-electric
locomotive engine;
(b)
driving an underground or elevated passenger train;
(c)
driving a locomotive to haul carriages underground or on the surface of
a mine or quarry;
(d)
watching for track hazards and observing signals and indicator gauges;
(e)
operating communications systems to communicate with train crews and
traffic controllers to ensure safe operation and scheduling of trains.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Locomotive driver
▪ Metropolitan railway driver
▪ Train driver
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Tram driver – 8331
Notes
Drivers of vehicles that operate on fixed rail
systems that are separated from public roadways are classified in Unit Group
8311: Locomotive Engine Drivers. Drivers of vehicles for passenger
transportation on fixed rails that are incorporated in the public roadway are
classified in Unit Group 8331: Bus and Tram Drivers.
8312 Railway Brake, Signal and
Switch Operators
Railway brakers, signallers and shunters take
charge of and safeguard railway freight trains during runs, control the
movement of railway traffic by operating signals, switch rolling stock and make
up trains in railway yards, make up trains for hauling in mines and control
their movement.
Tasks include –
(a)
taking charge of and safeguarding freight train during runs;
(b)
controlling the flow of railway traffic over sections of line by
operating signals and switches from control panels or signal boxes;
(c)
switching and coupling rolling stock in railway yards and sidings in
accordance with orders about loading, unloading and make-up of trains;
(d)
making up trains for hauling by locomotive or cable and directing their
movement along haulage ways in a mine or quarry;
(e)
checking train systems and equipment such as air-conditioning and
heating systems, brakes and brake hoses prior to train run.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Braker (railway)
▪ Shunter (railway)
▪ Signaller (railway)
Minor
Group 832
Car, Van
and Motorcycle Drivers
Car, van and motorcycle drivers drive and tend
motorcycles, motorized tricycles, cars or vans to transport passengers,
materials or goods.
Tasks performed usually include: driving and tending motorcycles, motorized
tricycles, cars or vans in order to transport materials, goods or passengers.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
8321 Motorcycle
Drivers
8322 Car, Taxi and Van
Drivers
8321 Motorcycle Drivers
Motorcycle drivers drive and tend motorcycles
or motorized tricycles equipped to transport materials, goods or passengers.
Tasks include –
(a)
driving and tending motorcycles or motorized tricycles to transport
materials, goods and passengers;
(b)
observing traffic rules and signals;
(c)
cleaning and washing vehicles as well as performing maintenance and
minor repairs;
(d)
keeping a record of journeys;
(e)
delivering messages.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dispatch rider
▪ Driver (motorized rickshaw)
▪ Driver (motorized tricycle)
▪ Motorcyclist
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Driver (pedal vehicle) – 9331
8322 Car, Taxi and Van Drivers
Car, taxi and van drivers drive and tend
motorcars and vans to transport passengers, mail or goods.
Tasks include –
(a)
driving and tending passenger vans, cars or taxis;
(b)
driving and tending cars, vans or small trucks to deliver mail or goods;
(c)
assisting passengers with handling of luggage;
(d)
collecting fares, payments for deliveries, or documents certifying
deliveries;
(e)
operating telecommunications equipment to report location and
availability, and following directions of control centre;
(f)
determining most appropriate route;
(g)
assisting physically challenged passengers;
(h)
operating equipment to facilitate the loading and unloading of
physically challenged passengers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Ambulance driver
▪ Car driver
▪ Parking valet
▪ Taxi driver
▪ Van driver
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Driver (motorized rickshaw) – 8321
▪ Bus driver – 8331
▪ Heavy truck driver – 8332
▪ Pedal vehicle driver – 9331
▪ Rickshaw puller – 9331
▪ Animal-drawn vehicle driver – 9332
Minor
Group 833
Heavy
Truck and Bus Drivers
Heavy truck and bus drivers drive and tend
heavy trucks, lorries, buses or street tramcars to transport goods, liquids,
heavy materials, mail or passengers.
Tasks performed usually include: driving and
tending heavy trucks, lorries, buses or street tramcars in order to transport
goods, liquids, heavy materials, mail or passengers.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
8331 Bus and Tram
Drivers
8332 Heavy Truck and
Lorry Drivers
8331 Bus and Tram Drivers
Bus and tram drivers drive and tend buses or
street tramcars to transport passengers, mail or goods.
Tasks include –
(a)
driving and tending motor buses, trolley buses or motor coaches to
transport local or long-distance passengers, mail or goods;
(b)
driving and tending street tramcars transporting passengers;
(c)
opening and closing doors before or after passengers board or alight;
(d)
assisting passengers with luggage;
(e)
controlling lighting, heating and ventilation on buses and trams;
(f)
observing traffic to ensure safe progress;
(g)
collecting fares or verifying that passengers have the necessary ticket.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bus driver
▪ Motor coach driver
▪ Tram driver
8332 Heavy Truck and Lorry Drivers
Heavy truck and lorry drivers drive and tend
heavy motor vehicles to transport goods, liquids and heavy materials over short
or long distances.
Tasks include –
(a)
driving and tending a heavy motor vehicle, such as a lorry with or
without trailer or a dump-truck, to transport goods, liquids or heavy materials
over short or long distances;
(b)
determining the most appropriate routes;
(c)
ensuring that goods are stowed and securely covered to prevent loss and
damage;
(d)
assisting with or carrying out loading or unloading operations, using
various lifting or tipping devices;
(e)
carrying out minor maintenance to vehicles, and arranging major
maintenance and repairs;
(f)
estimating weights to comply with load limitations, and ensuring the
safe distribution of weights.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Concrete mixer driver
▪ Garbage truck driver
▪ Heavy truck driver
▪ Road train driver
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Van driver – 8322
Minor
Group 834
Mobile
Plant Operators
Mobile plant operators drive, tend, operate and
monitor special-purpose motorized machinery or equipment used for clearing or
preparing land; digging, moving, and spreading earth, rock and similar
materials; and lifting or moving heavy objects.
Tasks performed usually include: preparing and
positioning plant for operation; adjusting speed, height and depth of
implements; driving and operating mobile plant; operating attachments to lift,
swing and release trees, logs, earth and other heavy objects or materials;
operating and monitoring lifting trucks and stationary or mobile cranes in
construction, transportation and storage operations; servicing machinery and
performing minor repairs.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
8341 Mobile Farm and
Forestry Plant Operators
8342 Earthmoving and
Related Plant Operators
8343 Crane, Hoist and
Related Plant Operators
8344 Lifting Truck
Operators
8341 Mobile Farm and Forestry Plant
Operators
Mobile farm and forestry plant operators drive,
tend, operate and monitor one or more types of special-purpose motorized mobile
machinery or equipment used in agricultural, horticultural and forestry
operations.
Tasks include –
(a)
driving and tending tractor-drawn or self-propelled special-purpose farm
machinery to plough land and sow, fertilize, cultivate and harvest crops;
(b)
driving and tending tractor-drawn or self-propelled special-purpose
forestry machinery to clear land, plant, harvest and carry trees and timber or
perform other forestry operations;
(c)
preparing and positioning plant for operation;
(d)
adjusting speed, height and depth of implements;
(e)
operating plant to hold, lift and cut trees;
(f)
operating attachments to lift, swing, release and sort trees and logs,
and operating auxiliary plant such as chipping machines and log splitting
machines;
(g)
feeding felled trees into processors to strip limbs and cut into logs
and loading logs onto stockpiles and into trucks;
(h)
servicing machinery and performing minor repairs.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Harvester operator
▪ Logging plant operator
▪ Timber carrier driver
▪ Tractor driver
▪ Tree faller operator
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Bulldozer operator – 8342
8342 Earthmoving and Related Plant
Operators
Earthmoving and related plant operators operate
machines to excavate, grade, level, smooth and compact earth or similar
materials.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring excavating machinery equipped with moveable
shovels, grab-buckets or dragline buckets, to excavate and move earth, rock,
sand, gravel or similar materials;
(b)
operating and monitoring machinery for digging trenches for sewers,
drainage, water, oil, gas or similar pipelines;
(c)
operating and monitoring machinery equipped with concave steel blades to
move, distribute and level earth, sand, snow and other materials;
(d)
operating and monitoring equipment to remove sand, gravel and mud from
bottom of body of water;
(e)
operating and monitoring machines for hammering wooden, concrete or
steel piles into ground;
(f)
operating and monitoring power rollers to compact and smooth layers of
materials in making roads and pavements, and similar work;
(g)
operating and monitoring machines which spread and smooth concrete or
bituminous or tar preparations to construct roadways, roads or similar
surfaces.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bulldozer operator
▪ Excavator operator
▪ Front-end loader operator
▪ Pile-driver operator
▪ Road-roller operator
▪ Road surface laying machine
operator
▪ Snow-groomer operator
8343 Crane, Hoist and Related Plant
Operators
Crane, hoist and related plant operators
monitor and operate stationary and mobile cranes and other hoisting equipment.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring stationary or mobile cranes by raising and
lowering jibs and booms to lift, move, position or place equipment and
materials;
(b)
operating and monitoring equipment for hoisting, lowering or raising
workers and materials on construction sites or in mines;
(c)
operating and monitoring ski-lifts and similar equipment;
(d)
operating and monitoring machinery used to haul ferries or barges with
goods, passengers and vehicles across short stretches of water;
(e)
operating and monitoring machinery to open and close bridges for the
passage of road and water traffic;
(f)
operating and monitoring cranes equipped with dredging attachments to
dredge waterways and other areas;
(g)
operating cranes mounted on boats or barges to lift, move and place
equipment and materials.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cable car operator
▪ Chair-lift operator
▪ Crane operator
▪ Funicular driver
▪ Hoist operator
▪ Mine cage operator
▪ Ski-lift operator
8344 Lifting Truck Operators
Lifting truck operators drive, operate and
monitor lifting trucks or similar vehicles to transport, lift and stack pallets
with goods.
Tasks include –
(a)
operating and monitoring lifting truck and similar equipment to load and
unload, transport, lift and stack goods and pallets in terminals, harbours,
warehouses, factories and other establishments;
(b)
positioning lifting devices under, over, or around loaded pallets, skids
and boxes, and securing material or products for transport to designated areas;
(c)
inspecting equipment to identify wear and damage;
(d)
performing routine maintenance on vehicles and equipment;
(e)
keeping records of work undertaken and breakdowns of vehicles.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Forklift truck driver
Minor
Group 835
Ships'
Deck Crews and Related Workers
Ship’s deck crews and related workers carry out
deck duties on board ships and similar duties on board other water-borne craft.
Tasks performed usually include: standing
look-out watches at sea and when entering or leaving harbour or other narrow
waters; steering ships according to instructions; handling ropes and wires, and
operating mooring equipment; maintaining and, in some cases, operating ships’
equipment, cargo gear, rigging and lifesaving and firefighting appliances;
performing deck and hull cleaning, scraping, painting and other maintenance
duties as required; breaking out, rigging and stowing cargo-handling gear,
stationary rigging and running gear.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
8350 Ships’ Deck Crews
and Related Workers
8350 Ships’ Deck Crews and Related
Workers
Ship’s deck crews and related workers carry out
deck duties on board ships and similar duties on board other water-borne craft.
Tasks include –
(a)
standing look-out watches at sea and when entering or leaving harbour or
other narrow waters;
(b)
steering ships according to instructions;
(c) handling ropes and wires, and operating
mooring equipment;
(d)
maintaining and, in some cases, operating ships’ equipment, cargo gear,
rigging, lifesaving and firefighting appliances;
(e)
performing deck and hull cleaning, scraping, painting and other maintenance
duties as required;
(f)
breaking out, rigging and stowing cargo-handling gear, stationary
rigging and running gear.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Boatswain
▪ Ferry hand
▪ Sailor
▪ Tug hand
Elementary
occupations involve the performance of simple and routine tasks which may
require the use of hand-held tools and considerable physical effort. Most
occupations in this major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.
Tasks
performed by workers in elementary occupations usually include: cleaning, restocking supplies and performing
basic maintenance in apartments, houses, kitchens, hotels, offices and other
buildings; washing cars and windows; helping in kitchens and performing simple
tasks in food preparation; delivering messages or goods; carrying luggage and
handling baggage and freight; stocking
vending-machines or reading and emptying meters; collecting and sorting refuse;
sweeping streets and similar places; performing
various simple farming, fishing, hunting or trapping tasks; performing simple tasks connected with
mining, construction and manufacturing including product-sorting; packing and
unpacking produce by hand, and filling shelves; providing various street
services; pedalling or hand-guiding vehicles to transport passengers and goods;
driving animal-drawn vehicles or machinery.
Supervision of other workers may be included.
Occupations
in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups:
91 Cleaners and Helpers
92 Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers
93 Labourers in Mining, Construction, Manufacturing and Transport
94 Food Preparation Assistants
95 Street and Related Sales and Services Workers
96 Refuse Workers and Other Elementary Workers
Sub-major Group 91
Cleaners and Helpers
Cleaners
and helpers perform various tasks in private households, hotels, offices,
hospitals and other establishments, as well as in aircraft, trains, coaches,
trams and similar vehicles, in order to keep the interiors and fixtures clean,
and launder and press garments and textiles by hand. Most occupations in this
sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.
Tasks
performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: sweeping or
vacuum cleaning; washing and polishing floors, furniture and other objects;
taking care of linen and bedmaking; helping with preparation of meals and
cleaning in kitchens; washing and
cleaning cars and windows; pressing or
laundering garments and textiles by hand.
Occupations
in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups:
911 Domestic, Hotel and Office Cleaners and Helpers
912 Vehicle, Window, Laundry and Other Hand Cleaning Workers
Minor Group 911
Domestic, Hotel and Office Cleaners
and Helpers
Domestic,
hotel and office cleaners and helpers sweep, vacuum clean, wash, polish, take
care of household linen and purchase household supplies; perform various tasks
in order to keep clean and tidy the interiors and fixtures of hotels, offices
and other establishments, as well as of aircraft, trains, buses and similar
vehicles.
Tasks
performed usually include: sweeping or
vacuum cleaning; washing and polishing floors, furniture and other objects in
hotels, offices and other establishments;
making beds, supplying towels, soap and related items; helping with preparation of meals and washing
dishes; cleaning, disinfecting and
deodorizing kitchens, bathrooms and toilets.
Occupations
in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups:
9111 Domestic Cleaners and
Helpers
9112 Cleaners and Helpers in Offices, Hotels and Other Establishments
9111 Domestic Cleaners
and Helpers
Domestic
cleaners and helpers sweep, vacuum clean, wash and polish, take care of household
linen, purchase household supplies, prepare food, serve meals and perform
various other domestic duties.
Tasks
include –
(a) sweeping, vacuum cleaning,
polishing and washing floors and furniture, or washing windows and other
fixtures;
(b) washing, ironing and mending
linen and other textiles;
(c) washing dishes;
(d) helping with preparation,
cooking and serving of meals and refreshments;
(e) purchasing food and various
other household supplies;
(f) cleaning, disinfecting and
deodorizing kitchens, bathrooms and toilets;
(g) cleaning windows and other
glass surfaces.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Charworker (domestic)
▪ Domestic cleaner
▪ Domestic helper
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Domestic housekeeper – 5152
▪ Hotel cleaner – 9112
▪ Hand launderer – 9121
▪ Street sweeper – 9613
9112 Cleaners and Helpers
in Offices, Hotels and other Establishments
Cleaners
and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments perform various cleaning
tasks in order to keep clean and tidy the interiors and fixtures of hotels,
offices and other establishments, as well as of aircraft, trains, buses and
similar vehicles.
Tasks
include –
(a) sweeping or vacuum cleaning,
washing and polishing floors, furniture and other fixtures in buildings,
coaches, buses, trams, trains and aircraft;
(b) making beds, cleaning
bathrooms, supplying towels, soap and related items;
(c) cleaning kitchens and
generally helping with kitchen work, including dishwashing;
(d) picking up rubbish, emptying
garbage containers and taking contents to waste areas to removal.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Aircraft cleaner
▪ Hotel cleaner
▪ Lavatory attendant
▪ Office cleaner
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Domestic housekeeper – 5152
▪ Building caretaker – 5153
▪ Domestic cleaner – 9111
▪ Dishwasher – 9412
▪ Kitchen helper – 9412
▪ Street sweeper – 9613
Note
Workers who perform cleaning and helping tasks only
in kitchens and other food preparation areas are classified in Unit Group
9412: Kitchen Helpers.
Minor Group 912
Vehicle, Window, Laundry and Other
Hand Cleaning Workers
Vehicle,
window, laundry and other hand cleaning workers clean windows, showcases or
other surfaces of buildings or vehicles; and press, launder or dry-clean linen
and other textiles by hand.
Tasks
performed usually include: cleaning, washing and polishing cars; washing
windows or other glass surfaces with water or various solutions, and drying and
polishing them; laundering and pressing linen, clothing, fabrics and similar
articles by hand in a laundry or in other establishments; cleaning by hand and
with chemical solutions clothing, fabrics, leather goods and similar articles
in dry-cleaning or other establishments.
Occupations
in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups:
9121 Hand Launderers and Pressers
9122 Vehicle Cleaners
9123 Window Cleaners
9129 Other Cleaning Workers
9121 Hand Launderers
and Pressers
Hand
launderers and pressers launder, press or dry-clean garments, linen and other
textiles by hand.
Tasks
include –
(a) laundering and pressing
linen, clothing, fabrics and similar articles by hand in a laundry or other
establishment;
(b) cleaning, by hand and with
chemical solutions, clothing, fabrics, leather goods and similar articles, in a
dry-cleaning or other establishment;
(c) replacing buttons and making
minor repairs;
(d) placing articles on shelves
and hanging articles for delivery and collection.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Dry-cleaner (hand)
▪ Hand launderer
▪ Hand presser
▪ Ironer
Some related
occupations classified elsewhere:
▪ Dry-cleaning machine operator –
8157
▪ Laundry machine operator – 8157
▪ Pressing machine operator
(laundry) – 8157
9122 Vehicle Cleaners
Vehicle
cleaners wash, clean and polish the exterior and interior of vehicles.
Tasks
include –
(a) cleaning, washing and
polishing cars and other vehicles, by hand or using hand-held power tools;
(b) vacuuming vehicle interiors
and dry-cleaning carpets and upholstery;
(c) applying cleaning agents to
remove stains from vehicle exteriors and interiors;
(d) washing tyres and wheel
arches and blackening tyres;
(e) washing and polishing vehicle
windows;
(f) emptying and cleaning
compartments in vehicles.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Car detailer
▪ Vehicle washer (hand)
9123 Window Cleaners
Window cleaners
wash and polish windows and other glass fittings.
Tasks
include –
(a) washing windows or other
glass surfaces with water or various solutions, and drying and
polishing them;
(b) using ladders, swinging
scaffolds, bosun’s chairs, hydraulic bucket trucks and other equipment to reach
and clean windows in multistorey buildings;
(c) selecting appropriate
cleaning or polishing implements.
Examples of the
occupations classified here:
▪ Window cleaner
9129 Other Cleaning Workers
This unit group includes cleaning workers not
classified elsewhere. The group includes, for instance, those who clean
surfaces, materials and objects such as carpets, walls, swimming pools and
cooling towers, using specialized cleaning equipment and chemicals.
In such instances tasks would include –
(a)
cleaning carpets and upholstered furniture using cleaning machines and
their attachments;
(b)
selecting and applying cleaning agents to remove stains from carpets;
(c)
treating carpets with soil-repellent chemicals and deodorants, and
treating for pests;
(d)
cleaning stone walls, metal surfaces and fascias using high-pressure
water cleaners and solvents;
(e)
applying chemicals and high-pressure cleaning methods to remove
micro-organisms from water and filtration systems;
(f)
using wet vacuums and other suction equipment to remove scale,
accumulated dirt and other deposits from swimming pools, cooling tower
components and drains.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Carpet cleaner
▪ Cooling tower cleaner
▪ Graffiti cleaner
▪ Swimming pool cleaner
▪ Water blaster
Sub-major Group 92
Agricultural, Forestry
and Fishery Labourers
Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers
perform simple and routine tasks in the production of crops and livestock,
cultivation and maintenance of gardens and parks, exploitation and conservation
of forests, and conduct of aquaculture and fisheries operations. Most
occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill
level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: digging, raking and shovelling using hand tools; loading, unloading and stacking supplies,
produce and other materials; watering, thinning, weeding and tending crops by
hand or using hand tools; planting, harvesting, picking and collecting produce
by hand; feeding, watering and cleaning animals and keeping their quarters
clean; monitoring livestock and reporting on their condition; preparing and
operating nets, lines and other fishing tackle and deck equipment; grading,
sorting, bunching and packing produce into containers; performing minor repairs
on fixtures, buildings, equipment, vessels and fences.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor group:
921 Agricultural,
Forestry and Fishery Labourers
Minor Group 921
Agricultural,
Forestry and Fishery Labourers
Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers
perform simple and routine tasks in the production of crops and livestock,
cultivation and maintenance of gardens and parks, exploitation and conservation
of forests, and conduct of aquaculture and fisheries operations.
Tasks performed usually include: digging,
raking and shovelling, using hand tools;
loading unloading and stacking supplies, produce and other materials;
watering, thinning, weeding and tending crops by hand or using hand tools;
planting, harvesting, picking and collecting produce by hand; feeding, watering
and cleaning animals and keeping their quarters clean; monitoring livestock,
reporting on their condition; preparing and operating nets, lines and other
fishing tackle and deck equipment; grading, sorting, bunching and packing
produce into containers; performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings,
equipment, vessels and fences.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
9211 Crop Farm
Labourers
9212 Livestock Farm
Labourers
9213 Mixed Crop and
Livestock Farm Labourers
9214 Garden and
Horticultural Labourers
9215 Forestry
Labourers
9216 Fishery and Aquaculture
Labourers
Notes
Workers in subsistence agriculture who perform a
limited range of simple and routine tasks, usually under the direction of
others, are classified in the relevant unit group in Minor Group 921:
Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers. Workers in an agricultural
setting whose main tasks are fetching water and gathering firewood are classified in Unit Group 9624:
Water and Firewood Collectors.
9211 Crop Farm Labourers
Crop farm labourers perform simple and routine
tasks on farms in the production of crops such as fruit, nuts, grains and
vegetables.
Tasks include –
(a)
digging and shovelling to clear ditches or for other purposes;
(b)
loading and unloading supplies, produce and other materials;
(c)
raking, pitching and stacking straw, hay and similar materials;
(d)
watering, thinning and weeding crops by hand or using hand tools;
(e)
picking fruit, nuts, vegetables and other crops;
(f)
planting and harvesting field crops such as rice, by hand;
(g)
grading, sorting, bunching and packing produce into containers;
(h)
performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings, equipment and fences.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cane planter
▪ Fruit picker
▪ Rice farm labourer
▪ Vegetable picker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Skilled farm worker (field crops) –
6111
▪ Construction labourer (building
work) – 9313
▪ Firewood collector – 9624
▪ Water collector – 9624
9212 Livestock Farm Labourers
Livestock farm labourers perform simple and
routine tasks in the farm production of animals, including poultry and insects.
Tasks include –
(a)
digging and shovelling to clear ditches or for other purposes;
(b)
loading and unloading supplies, produce and other materials;
(c)
feeding, watering and cleaning animals and keeping their quarters clean;
(d)
monitoring livestock and reporting on their condition;
(e)
assisting with maintaining the health and welfare of livestock;
(f)
assisting with herding, droving and separating livestock for milking,
shearing, transportation or slaughter, and between pastures;
(g)
collecting eggs and placing in incubators;
(h)
raking, pitching, stacking and storing hay, straw and other types of
animal feed and bedding;
(i) grading, sorting and packing produce into
containers;
(j)
performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings, equipment and fences.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
- Livestock farm labourer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Drover – 6121
▪ Shepherd – 6121
▪ Skilled farm worker (livestock) –
6121
▪ Firewood collector – 9624
▪ Water collector – 9624
9213 Mixed Crop and Livestock Farm
Labourers
Mixed crop and livestock farm labourers perform
simple and routine tasks in farm production of both crops and animals.
Tasks include –
(a)
digging and shovelling to clear ditches or for other purposes;
(b)
loading and unloading supplies, produce and other materials;
(c)
raking, pitching and stacking straw, hay and similar materials;
(d)
watering, thinning and weeding crops by hand or using hand tools;
(e)
picking fruit, nuts, vegetables and other crops and collecting eggs;
(f)
planting and harvesting field crops such as rice, by hand;
(g)
feeding, watering and cleaning animals and keeping their quarters clean;
(h)
monitoring livestock and reporting on their condition;
(i)
assisting with herding, droving and separating livestock for milking,
shearing, transportation or slaughter, and between pastures;
(j)
grading, sorting, bunching and packing produce into containers;
(k)
performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings, equipment and fences.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Farm labourer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Skilled farm worker (mixed farming)
– 6130
▪ Firewood collector – 9624
▪ Water collector – 9624
9214 Garden and Horticultural Labourers
Garden and horticultural labourers perform
simple and routine tasks in operations to cultivate and maintain trees, shrubs,
flowers and other plants in parks and private gardens, to produce saplings,
bulbs and seeds, or to grow vegetables and flowers by intensive cultivation
techniques.
Tasks include –
(a)
loading, unloading and moving supplies, produce and equipment;
(b)
preparing garden sites and plots using hand tools and simple machines;
(c)
assisting with planting and transplanting flowers, shrubs, trees and
lawns;
(d)
maintaining gardens by watering, weeding and mowing lawns;
(e)
cleaning gardens and removing rubbish;
(f)
assisting with propagating, planting and potting seeds, bulbs and
cuttings;
(g)
tending plants by hand watering and weeding;
(h)
harvesting and packaging plants for sale and transport;
(i) performing minor repairs on fixtures,
buildings, equipment and fences.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
- Garden labourer
- Horticultural labourer
- Lawn mower
- Nursery labourer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Horticulturist – 6113
▪ Landscape gardener – 6113
▪ Market gardener – 6113
▪ Crop farm labourer – 9211
9215 Forestry Labourers
Forestry labourers perform simple and routine
tasks to cultivate and maintain natural and plantation forests, and log, fell
and saw trees.
Tasks include –
(a)
digging holes for tree planting;
(b)
stacking and loading logs and timber;
(c)
clearing undergrowth in forest stands and thinning young plantations;
(d) maintaining
look-out for fires in forests;
(e)
removing major branches and tree tops, trimming branches and sawing
trunks into logs;
(f)
operating and maintaining manual and hand-held machine saws to fell
trees and cut felled trees and branches into logs;
(g)
collecting seeds and planting seedlings;
(h)
performing minor repairs and maintenance of forest roads, buildings,
facilities and equipment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Axeman/woman
▪ Forestry labourer
▪ Tree planter
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Forestry worker (skilled) – 6210
9216 Fishery and Aquaculture Labourers
Fishery and aquaculture labourers perform
simple and routine tasks to cultivate, catch and harvest fish and seafood in
aquaculture and in inland, coastal and deep sea fishing operations.
Tasks include –
(a)
cleaning the sea-bed and feeding fish and molluscs that are being
cultivated;
(b)
gathering seaweed, sea mosses, clams and other molluscs;
(c)
preparing nets, lines and other fishing tackle and other deck equipment;
(d)
operating fishing gear to catch fish and other marine life;
(e)
cleaning, sorting and packing fish and seafood in ice and salt, and
stowing catch in hold;
(f)
cleaning deck surfaces and fish hold;
(g) handling
mooring lines during docking.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Aquaculture labourer
▪ Fishery labourer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Fish farmer – 6221
▪ Coastal fishery skipper – 6222
▪ Fisher (coastal waters) – 6222
▪ Fisher (inland waters) – 6222
▪ Deep sea fisher – 6223
Sub-major Group 93
Labourers in Mining,
Construction, Manufacturing and Transport
Labourers in mining, construction,
manufacturing and transport perform simple and routine manual tasks in mining,
quarrying, civil engineering, building, manufacturing, transport and storage
operations, and operate human-powered and animal-drawn vehicles and machinery.
Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill
level.
Task performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: digging holes and
spreading excavated materials, sand, soil and gravel using hand-held tools;
sorting, loading, unloading, moving, stacking and storing materials, equipment,
products, supplies, baggage and cargo by hand;
cleaning machinery, equipment, tools and work sites; packing and
unpacking material and products and filling containers and shelves with
products by hand; operating human-powered and animal-drawn vehicles and
machinery.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
931 Mining and
Construction Labourers
932 Manufacturing
Labourers
933 Transport and
Storage Labourers
Minor
Group 931
Mining
and Construction Labourers
Mining and construction labourers perform
simple and routine manual tasks in mining, quarrying, civil engineering and
building operations.
Tasks performed usually include: digging and filling holes and trenches using
hand-held tools; shovelling and spreading excavated materials, sand, soil and
gravel; sorting, loading, unloading, stacking and storing tools, materials and
equipment and transporting them around work sites; cleaning machinery, equipment, tools and work
sites and removing obstructions.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
9311 Mining and
Quarrying Labourers
9312 Civil Engineering
Labourers
9313 Building
Construction Labourers
9311 Mining and Quarrying Labourers
Mining and quarrying labourers perform routine
tasks in mining and quarrying operations.
Tasks include –
(a)
assisting miners and quarriers in maintaining machinery, equipment, and
mine and quarry installations;
(b)
assembling and dismantling mining equipment;
(c)
removing tunnel supports from disused workings in mines and quarries;
(d)
removing dangerous projections from mine and quarry workings;
(e)
removing waste and serviceable materials and equipment from work areas
after extraction activities have been completed, and clearing rock and mineral
spills;
(f)
cleaning machinery, equipment, tools, roadways and haulage tracks;
(g)
sorting, loading, unloading, stacking and storing tools, materials and
supplies used by other mine workers.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Mining labourer
▪ Quarry labourer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Driller (mining) – 8111
▪ Miner – 8111
▪ Mining plant operator – 8111
▪ Quarrier – 8111
▪ Driller (oil or gas well) – 8113
▪ Drilling plant operator – 8113
9312 Civil Engineering Labourers
Civil engineering labourers perform routine
tasks in connection with the building and maintenance of roads, railways, dams
and other civil engineering projects.
Tasks include –
(a)
digging and filling holes and trenches using hand-held tools;
(b)
shovelling and spreading gravel and related materials;
(c)
trimming and cutting rocks and concrete and bitumen surfaces using
jack-hammers;
(d)
loading and unloading construction materials, excavated material and
equipment and transporting them around construction sites using wheelbarrows
and hand trucks;
(e)
cleaning work sites and removing obstructions.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Construction labourer (civil
engineering)
▪ Earthmoving labourer
▪ Maintenance labourer (dams)
9313 Building Construction Labourers
Building construction labourers perform routine
tasks in connection with building construction and demolition work.
Tasks include –
(a)
cleaning used building bricks and doing other simple work on demolition sites;
(b)
mixing, pouring and spreading materials such as concrete, plaster and
mortar;
(c)
digging and filling holes and trenches using hand-held tools;
(d)
spreading sand, soil, gravel and similar materials;
(e)
loading and unloading construction materials, excavated material and
equipment and transporting them around construction sites using wheelbarrows,
hods and hand trucks;
(f)
cleaning work sites and removing obstructions.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Bricklayer’s assistant
▪ Construction labourer (building
work)
▪ Demolition labourer
▪ Hod carrier
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ House builder – 7111
▪ Bricklayer – 7112
▪ Building wrecker – 7119
Minor
Group 932
Manufacturing
Labourers
Manufacturing labourers perform a variety of
simple and routine manual tasks in manufacturing to assist the work of machine operators and
assemblers.
Tasks performed usually include: packing
materials and various products by hand; filling bottles, boxes, bags and other
containers with products by hand; labelling products and containers by hand;
loading and unloading vehicles; conveying goods, material and equipment to work
areas; cleaning machinery, equipment and tools; sorting products or components
by hand.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
9321 Hand Packers
9329 Manufacturing
Labourers Not Elsewhere Classified
9321 Hand Packers
Hand packers weigh, pack and label materials
and products by hand.
Tasks include –
(a)
weighing, wrapping, sealing and packing materials and various products
by hand;
(b)
filling bottles, cans, boxes, bags and other containers with products by
hand;
(c)
labelling products, packages and various containers by hand.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Labeller (hand)
▪ Packer (hand)
▪ Wrapper (hand)
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Labelling machine operator – 8183
▪ Packing machine operator – 8183
▪ Wrapping machine operator – 8183
9329 Manufacturing Labourers Not
Elsewhere Classified
Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere
classified assist the work of machine operators and assemblers and perform a
variety of simple and routine manual tasks in manufacturing, excluding packing
and labelling finished products.
Tasks include –
(a)
conveying goods, material, equipment and other items to work areas, and
removing finished pieces;
(b)
loading and unloading vehicles, trucks and trolleys;
(c)
clearing machine blockages, and cleaning machinery, equipment and tools;
(d)
carrying out manual sorting of products or components.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
- Bottle sorter
- Factory hand
- Material handler
- Stacker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Electrical equipment assembler – 8212
▪
Electronic equipment assembler – 8212
▪
Leather products assembler – 8219
▪
Rubber products assembler – 8219
▪
Hand packer – 9321
Minor
Group 933
Transport
and Storage Labourers
Transport and storage labourers propel cycles
and similar vehicles and drive animal-drawn vehicles to transport passengers or
goods, drive animal-drawn machinery, handle freight and baggage, and stock
shelves.
Tasks performed usually include: propelling cycles and similar vehicles to
transport passengers or goods, driving animal-drawn vehicles to transport
passengers or goods, driving animal-drawn machinery, carrying out freight handling
by hand, and stocking shelves and display areas in stores.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
9331 Hand and Pedal
Vehicle Drivers
9332 Drivers of
Animal-drawn Vehicles and Machinery
9333 Freight Handlers
9334 Shelf Fillers
9331 Hand and Pedal Vehicle Drivers
Hand and pedal vehicle drivers propel cycles,
hand carts and similar vehicles to deliver messages and transport passengers or
goods.
Tasks include –
(a)
loading and unloading goods, or assisting passengers in getting on or
off a vehicle;
(b)
moving vehicle in the desired direction with due regard to other traffic
and traffic regulations;
(c)
inspecting vehicle components to identify wear and damage;
(d)
maintaining vehicle, making minor repairs and installing replacement
parts;
(e)
collecting fares or charges.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Bicycle courier
▪ Cycle rickshaw driver
▪ Pedal vehicle driver
▪ Rickshaw puller
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Bicycle racer – 3421
▪ Motorcyclist – 8321
9332 Drivers of Animal-drawn Vehicles
and Machinery
Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery
drive animal-drawn vehicles to transport passengers or goods, as well as
animal-drawn machinery usually in connection with farming.
Tasks include –
(a)
harnessing animals and hitching them to vehicles or machinery;
(b)
loading or unloading goods, or assisting passengers in getting on or off
a vehicle;
(c)
driving animals in the desired direction with due regard to other
traffic and traffic regulations;
(d)
collecting fares or charges;
(e)
driving animals to haul wagons in mines or quarries;
(f)
driving animals hitched to farm or other machinery;
(g)
driving working elephants;
(h)
maintaining vehicle or machinery, making minor repairs and installing
replacement parts;
(i) grooming and feeding animals.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Animal-drawn vehicle driver
▪ Animal train driver
▪ Mahout
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Jockey – 3421
9333 Freight Handlers
Freight handlers carry out tasks such as
packing, carrying, loading and unloading furniture and other household items,
or loading and unloading ship and aircraft cargo and other freight, or carrying
and stacking goods in various warehouses.
Tasks include –
(a)
packing office or household furniture, machines, appliances and related
goods to be transported from one place to another;
(b)
carrying goods to be loaded on or unloaded from vans, trucks, wagons,
ships or aircraft;
(c)
loading and unloading grain, coal, sand, baggage and other items by
placing them on conveyor belts, pipes and other conveyances;
(d)
connecting hoses between mainshore installation pipes and tanks of
barges, tankers and other ships to load and unload petroleum, liquefied gases
and other liquids;
(e)
carrying and stacking goods in warehouses and similar establishments;
(f)
sorting cargo prior to loading and unloading.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Baggage handler
▪ Freight handler
▪ Warehouse porter
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Crane operator – 8343
▪ Forklift operator – 8344
▪ Hotel porter – 9621
▪ Luggage porter – 9621
9334 Shelf fillers
Shelf fillers stock shelves and display areas
and keep stock clean and in order in supermarkets and other retail and
wholesale shops.
Tasks include –
(a)
placing goods neatly in bins and on racks, and stacking bulky goods on
floors;
(b)
filling shelves with goods and ensuring that goods with the earliest
use-by dates are at the front of shelves;
(c)
removing goods with past due use-by dates;
(d)
maintaining shelf order by removing stock belonging in a different
location;
(e)
noting what has been sold and collecting goods needed from the
stockroom;
(f)
obtaining articles for customers from shelf or stockroom;
(g)
directing customers to location of articles sought;
(h)
receiving, opening, unpacking and inspecting for damage merchandise from
manufacturer or distributor.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Night filler
▪ Stock filler
▪ Stock handler
Sub-major Group 94
Food Preparation Assistants
Food preparation assistants prepare and cook to
order a small variety of pre-cooked food or beverages, clear tables, clean kitchen
areas and wash dishes. Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills
at the first ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: preparing simple or pre-prepared foods and beverages
such as sandwiches, pizzas, fish and chips, salads and coffee; washing,
cutting, measuring and mixing foods for cooking; operating cooking equipment
such as grills, microwaves and deep-fat fryers; cleaning kitchens, food
preparation areas and service areas; cleaning cooking and general utensils used
in kitchens and restaurants.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor group:
941 Food Preparation Assistants
Minor Group 941
Food Preparation
Assistants
Food preparation assistants prepare and cook to
order a small variety of pre-cooked food or beverages, clear tables, clean
kitchen areas and wash dishes.
Tasks performed usually include: preparing
simple or pre-prepared foods and beverages such as sandwiches, pizzas, fish and
chips, salads and coffee; washing, cutting, measuring and mixing foods for
cooking; operating cooking equipment such as grills, microwaves and deep-fat
fryers; cleaning kitchens, food preparation areas and service areas; cleaning
cooking and general utensils used in kitchens and restaurants.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
9411 Fast Food
Preparers
9412 Kitchen Helpers
9411 Fast Food Preparers
Fast food preparers prepare and cook to order a
limited range of foods or beverages that involve simple preparation processes
and a small number of ingredients. They may take orders from customers and
serve at counters or tables.
Tasks include –
(a)
preparing simple or pre-prepared foods and beverages such as sandwiches,
hamburgers, pizzas, fish and chips, salads and coffee;
(b)
washing, cutting, measuring and mixing foods for cooking;
(c)
operating large-volume single-process cooking equipment such as grills,
deep-fat fryers or griddles;
(d)
re-heating pre-prepared food;
(e)
cleaning food preparation areas, cooking surfaces and utensils;
(f)
taking and serving food and beverage orders in eating places that
specialize in fast service and carry-out food;
(g)
ordering and taking delivery of fast food ingredients;
(h)
maintaining sanitation, health and safety standards in work areas;
(i)
verifying that prepared food meets requirements for quality and
quantity.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Fast food cook
▪ Hamburger maker
▪ Pizza maker
▪ Short order cook
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Chef – 3434
▪ Cook – 5120
▪ Food service counter attendant –
5246
Note
Jobs that combine preparation of simple food items
with taking orders, serving clients and
calculating or receiving payment should be classified in Unit Group 5246: Food Service
Counter Attendants, unless client service is an incidental component of the
work.
9412 Kitchen Helpers
Kitchen helpers clear tables, clean kitchen
areas, wash dishes, prepare ingredients and perform other duties to assist
workers who prepare or serve food and beverages.
Tasks include –
(a)
cleaning kitchens, food preparation areas and service areas;
(b)
assisting cooks and chefs in preparation of food by washing, peeling,
chopping, cutting, measuring and mixing ingredients;
(c)
assembling dishes for service;
(d)
unpacking checking, transferring, weighing and storing supplies in
refrigerators, cupboards and other storage areas;
(e)
washing dishes and cooking utensils and putting them away;
(f) preparing, cooking, toasting and heating
simple food items.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Hand dish washer
▪ Kitchen assistant
▪ Kitchen hand
▪ Kitchen porter
▪ Kitchen steward
▪ Pantry attendant
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Cook – 5120
▪ Fast food preparer – 9411
Sub-major Group 95
Street and Related Sales
and Services Workers
Street and related sales and services workers
sell goods (excluding food) for immediate consumption, and provide a variety of
services on streets and in other public places such as stations. Most
occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill
level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: buying or making various items for sale; loading and
unloading items for sale and transporting them; obtaining the materials
necessary to perform services; approaching people on the street to offer goods
or services; cleaning and polishing shoes; cleaning and polishing car windows;
running errands; assisting car drivers to find a parking place and ensuring that
the car is not damaged during the driver’s absence; handing out leaflets and
free newspapers; receiving immediate payment.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
951 Street and Related
Services Workers
952 Street Vendors
(excluding Food)
Minor Group 951
Street and Related Services
Workers
Street and related services workers provide a
variety of services on streets and in other public places, including cleaning
shoes, washing car windows, running errands, looking after property, and
providing other on-the-spot street services.
Tasks performed usually include: obtaining the
materials necessary to perform services; approaching people on the street to
offer services; cleaning and polishing shoes; cleaning and polishing car
windows; running errands; assisting drivers to find a parking place and
ensuring car is not damaged during driver’s absence; handing out leaflets and
free newspapers; receiving immediate payment.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
9510 Street and
Related Services Workers
9510 Street and Related Services
Workers
Street and related services workers provide a
variety of services on streets and in other public places, including cleaning
shoes, washing car windows, running errands, handing out leaflets, looking
after property, and providing other on-the-spot street services.
Tasks include –
(a)
obtaining the materials necessary to perform services;
(b)
approaching people on the street to offer services;
(c)
cleaning and polishing shoes;
(d)
cleaning and polishing car windows;
(e)
running errands;
(f)
assisting car drivers to find a parking place and ensuring that the car
is not damaged during the driver’s absence;
(g)
handing out leaflets and free newspapers;
(h)
receiving immediate payment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Car window washer
▪ Car guard
▪ Errand boy
▪ Free newspaper distributor
▪ Leaflet distributor
▪ Shoe-polisher
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪
Service station
attendant – 5245
▪ Leaflet and newspaper deliverer –
9621
Minor
Group 952
Street
Vendors (excluding food)
Street vendors (excluding food) sell a usually
limited range of goods (excluding food for immediate consumption) in streets
and public places such as stations, cinemas or theatres.
Tasks performed usually include: buying or
receiving items for sale, or making simple items; loading and unloading baskets,
trays, suitcases, pushcarts, bicycles, hand-trucks or other vehicles, to
transport goods to the streets or public places such as stations or cinemas;
displaying goods or calling out to attract customers’ attention; approaching
potential customers on streets, or by going from house to house, to offer goods
for sale; receiving immediate payment.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit group:
9520 Street Vendors
(excluding Food)
9520 Street Vendors (excluding
Food)
Street vendors (excluding food) sell a usually
limited range of goods (excluding food for immediate consumption) in streets
and public places such as stations, cinemas or theatres.
Tasks include –
(a) buying
or receiving items for sale, or making simple items;
(b)
loading and unloading baskets, trays, pushcarts, bicycles, hand-trucks
or other vehicles, to transport goods to the streets or public places such as
stations or cinemas;
(c)
displaying goods or calling out to attract customers’ attention;
(d)
approaching potential customers on streets, or by going from house to
house, to offer goods for sale;
(e)
receiving immediate payment.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Hawker
▪ Newspaper vendor
▪ Pedlar
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Market salesperson – 5211
▪ Street stall salesperson – 5211
▪ Street food vendor – 5212
▪ Door-to-door sales representative – 5243
▪ Free newspaper distributor – 9510
Notes
Vendors from street and market stalls of fresh food
products not intended for immediate consumption (such as fruit, vegetables,
meat and dairy products) are classified in Unit Group 5211: Stall and Market Salespersons.
Vendors from street and market stalls of a variety of prepared meals and food
items for immediate consumption are classified in Unit Group 5246: Food Service
Counter Attendants. Vendors in streets and public places of food and beverages
for immediate consumption from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are
classified in Unit Group 5212: Street Food Salespersons. Vendors in streets and
public places of non-food items (or of pre-packaged non-perishable food items
such as confectionery) from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified
in Unit Group 9520: Street Vendors (excluding food).
Sub-major Group 96
Refuse Workers and Other
Elementary Workers
Refuse workers and other elementary workers
collect, process and recycle garbage from buildings, yards, streets and other
public places. They keep streets and other public places clean and tidy,
deliver and carry messages and packages and perform odd jobs for private
households or establishments. Most occupations in this sub-major group require
skills at the first ISCO skill level.
Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major
group usually include: collecting, loading and unloading garbage; sweeping
streets, parks and other public places; chopping firewood; collecting and
carrying firewood, water, packages, luggage and messages; beating dust out of carpets and performing
other odd-job tasks.
Occupations in this sub-major group are
classified into the following minor groups:
961 Refuse Workers
962 Other Elementary
Workers
Minor
Group 961
Refuse
Workers
Refuse workers collect, process and recycle
garbage from buildings, yards, streets and other public places, or keep streets
and other public places clean.
Tasks performed usually include: collecting, loading and unloading garbage; sweeping
streets, parks and other public places; sorting and recycling garbage such as
paper, glass, plastic or aluminium.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
9611 Garbage and
Recycling Collectors
9612 Refuse Sorters
9613 Sweepers and
Related Labourers
9611 Garbage and Recycling Collectors
Garbage collectors collect and remove rubbish
and items for recycling from buildings, yards, streets and other places.
Tasks include –
(a)
collecting rubbish and recyclable materials and locating them into bins
and garbage and recycling trucks;
(b)
riding on or in garbage and recycling trucks;
(c)
lifting garbage bins and emptying contents into trucks and larger
containers;
(d)
unloading garbage and recycling trucks.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Dustman/woman
▪ Recycling collector
▪ Refuse collector
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Garbage truck driver – 8332
▪ Waste picker – 9612
9612 Refuse Sorters
Refuse sorters identify, collect and sort
discarded items suitable for recycling at dump sites and recycling enterprises
or in buildings, streets and other public places.
Tasks include –
(a) searching through refuse and collecting items
for recycling from dump sites, domestic, commercial and industrial premises or
from public places such as streets;
(b)
sorting cardboard, paper, glass, plastic, aluminium or other recyclable
materials by type;
(c) placing recyclable items and materials in
designated compartments and containers for storage or transportation;
(d)
identifying and setting aside items of furniture, equipment, machinery,
or components that are suitable for repair or re-use;
(e)
transporting recyclable items by hand or using non-motorized vehicles;
(f)
selling recyclable or reusable materials.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Recycling worker
▪ Scrap merchant
▪ Waste picker
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Refuse collector – 9611
▪ Street sweeper – 9613
9613 Sweepers and Related Labourers
Sweepers and related labourers sweep and clean
streets, parks, airports, stations and other public places.
Tasks include –
(a)
sweeping streets, parks, airports, stations and similar public places;
(b)
shovelling snow;
(c)
beating dust out of carpets by using a carpet-beater;
(d)
cleaning rubbish, leaves and snow from driveways and grounds.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Park sweeper
▪ Street sweeper
Minor
Group 962
Other
Elementary Workers
Other elementary workers deliver and carry
messages and packages; perform a variety of simple maintenance and repair tasks;
collect money and stock vending machines; read meters; collect water and
firewood; and collect and issue tickets for parking or events.
Tasks performed usually include: chopping wood,
collecting water and firewood; cleaning and maintaining buildings, grounds and
facilities; delivering messages, packages and other items within or between
establishments, or elsewhere; performing duties as a post-runner; issuing and
collecting tickets and passes; calculating parking charges; filling storage
areas of vending machines and collecting money from containers; reading electricity,
gas or water meters and recording consumption.
Occupations in this minor group are classified
into the following unit groups:
9621 Messengers,
Package Deliverers and Luggage Porters
9622 Odd-job Persons
9623 Meter Readers and
Vending-machine Collectors
9624 Water and
Firewood Collectors
9629 Elementary
Workers Not Elsewhere Classified
9621 Messengers, Package Deliverers
and Luggage Porters
Messengers, package deliverers and luggage
porters carry and deliver messages, packages and other items on foot, within an
establishment or between establishments, to households and elsewhere, or carry
luggage, especially at hotels, stations and airports.
Tasks include –
(a)
delivering messages, packages and other items within an establishment or
between establishments or elsewhere;
(b) delivering various goods to and from
enterprises, shops, households and other places;
(c) carrying and delivering luggage at hotels,
stations, airports, and elsewhere;
(d) receiving and marking baggage by completing
and attaching claim checks;
(e) planning and following the most efficient
route;
(f) sorting items to be delivered according to
the delivery route.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Hotel porter
▪ Luggage porter
▪ Messenger
▪ Leaflet deliverer
▪ Newspaper deliverer
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Mail carrier - 4412
▪ Postman/woman - 4412
9622 Odd-job Persons
Odd-job persons clean, paint and maintain
buildings, grounds and facilities, and undertake simple repairs.
Tasks include –
(a)
repairing broken windows, screens, doors, fences, barbecues, picnic
tables, shelves, cupboards and other items;
(b)
replacing defective items such as light bulbs;
(c)
repairing and painting interior and exterior surfaces such as walls,
ceilings and fences;
(d)
adjusting doors and windows;
(e)
replacing tap washers;
(f)
putting up handrails and grab rails;
(g)
unloading coal or wood and putting it into cellars of private households
or establishments.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Handyperson
▪ Hotel useful
▪ Odd-job person
9623 Meter Readers and Vending-machine
Collectors
Meter readers and vending-machine collectors
stock vending machines and collect money from them or from parking meters and
other coinboxes, or read electricity, gas or water meters.
Tasks include –
(a)
filling storage areas of vending machines and collecting money from
their containers;
(b)
collecting money from parking meters and similar coinboxes;
(c)
reading electricity, gas or water meters and recording consumption;
(d)
keeping records of merchandise distributed and money collected;
(e)
proceeding along established routes to take readings of meter dials;
(f)
verifying readings in cases where consumption appears to be abnormal,
and recording possible reasons for fluctuations;
(g)
inspecting meters for unauthorized connections, defects and damage such
as broken seals.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Meter reader
▪ Vending-machine collector
9624 Water and Firewood Collectors
Water and firewood collectors collect water and
firewood and transport them on foot or using hand or animal carts.
Tasks include –
(a)
cutting and collecting wood from forests for sale in market or as fuel
or for own consumption;
(b)
visiting forests or fields to pick pieces of dried wood from the ground
and arranging them in heaps;
(c)
cutting decayed branches and trunks of trees using axes and hand-saws;
(d)
tying collected wood into small faggots and carrying them or
transporting them on a cart to the market for sale or to villages or households
for use;
(e)
drawing water from wells, rivers or ponds, etc. for domestic use;
(f)
collecting water in leather bags, buckets or other containers from taps,
rivers, ponds or wells, and delivering the water to work sites, the houses of
clients or to own household for drinking, cleaning of drains or storage in
tanks.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Firewood collector
▪ Water collector
9629 Elementary Workers Not Elsewhere
Classified
This unit group covers elementary workers not
classified elsewhere in Major Group 9: Elementary Workers. For instance, the group includes those who
issue and collect parking or admission tickets, provide personal items to patrons
or customers in cloakrooms, and assist patrons at entertainment events.
In such cases tasks would include –
(a)
selling admission tickets and passes to patrons at entertainment events
or collecting tickets, passes and tags from patrons;
(b)
examining tickets or passes to verify authenticity, using criteria such
as colour and date issued;
(c)
guiding patrons to exits or providing other instructions or assistance
in case of emergency;
(d)
directing patrons to restrooms, concession stands and telephones;
(e)
directing vehicle drivers to parking spaces;
(f)
patrolling parking areas in order to prevent vehicle damage and vehicle
property theft;
(g)
calculating parking charges and collecting fees from customers;
(h)
assigning dressing room facilities, locker space, or clothing containers
to patrons of athletic or bathing establishments.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Cloakroom attendant
▪ Fairground attendant
▪ Parking attendant
▪ Ticket collector
▪ Usher
Some related occupations classified
elsewhere:
▪ Parking valet – 8322
Armed forces occupations include all jobs held by members of the armed
forces. Members of the armed forces are
those personnel who are currently serving in the armed forces, including
auxiliary services, whether on a voluntary or compulsory basis, and who are not
free to accept civilian employment and are subject to military discipline.
Included are regular members of the army, navy, air force and other military services,
as well as conscripts enrolled for military training or other service for a
specified period.
Occupations in this major group are classified into the following
sub-major groups:
01 Commissioned Armed Forces Officers
02 Non-commissioned Armed Forces Officers
03 Armed Forces Occupations, Other Ranks
Excluded from this group are:
▪
jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments
concerned with defence issues;
▪
police (other than military police);
▪
customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian
services.
Notes
Many jobs performed by members of the armed forces
are similar, in terms of the nature of the work performed, to civilian
occupations such as medical doctors, radio operators, cooks, secretaries and
heavy truck drivers. Conceptually, it
may be appropriate, therefore, to classify such jobs in the armed forces with
similar civilian jobs. This approach is
adopted in several national occupation classifications. Typically such classifications also identify
a number of military-specific occupational groups. In many countries, however, it is not
possible to produce information about the nature of the work performed by
members of the armed forces. In adapting
ISCO-08 for national purposes countries may wish, therefore, to consider what
approach best suits their circumstances and user needs. For purposes of international comparability,
however, where data pertaining to members of the armed forces are reported and
classified by occupation, they should be included, where possible, in ISCO-08
Major Group 0: Armed Forces Occupations.
Sub-major Group 01
Commissioned Armed Forces
Officers
Commissioned armed forces officers provide leadership and management to organizational
units in the armed forces and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a
variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. This group includes
all members of the armed forces holding the rank of second lieutenant (or
equivalent) or higher. Competent performance in most occupations in this
sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.
Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following
minor group:
011 Commissioned Armed Forces Officers
Excluded from this group are:
▪ jobs held by persons in
civilian employment of government establishments concerned with defence issues;
▪ police (other than military
police);
▪ customs inspectors and members
of border or other armed civilian services.
Minor Group 011
Commissioned
Armed Forces Officers
Commissioned armed forces officers provide leadership and management to
organizational units in the armed forces and/or perform similar tasks to those
performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. This
group includes all members of the armed forces holding the rank of second
lieutenant (or equivalent) or higher.
Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit
group:
0110 Commissioned
Armed Forces Officers
Excluded from this group are:
▪
jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments
concerned with defence issues;
▪
police (other than military police);
▪
customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian
services.
0110 Commissioned Armed Forces Officers
Commissioned armed forces officers provide leadership and management to
organizational units in the armed forces and/or perform similar tasks to those
performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. This
group includes all members of the armed forces holding the rank of second
lieutenant (or equivalent) or higher.
Examples of the occupations classified
here:
▪ Admiral
▪ Air commodore
▪ Air marshal
▪ Brigadier (army)
▪ Captain (air force)
▪ Captain (army)
▪ Captain (navy)
▪ Colonel (army)
▪ Field marshal
▪ Flight lieutenant (air force)
▪ Flying officer (military)
▪ General (army)
▪ Group captain, (air force)
▪ Lieutenant (army)
▪ Major (army)
▪ Midshipman
▪ Naval officer (military)
▪ Navy commander
▪ Officer cadet (armed forces)
▪ Second lieutenant (army)
▪ Squadron leader
▪ Sublieutenant (navy)
▪ Wing commander
Excluded from this group are:
▪
jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments
concerned with defence issues;
▪
police (other than military police);
▪
customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian
services.
Sub-major Group 02
Non-commissioned Armed
Forces Officers
Non-commissioned armed forces officers enforce military discipline and
supervise the activities of those employed in Sub-major Group 03: Armed Forces Occupations,
Other Ranks, and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of
civilian occupations outside the armed forces. This group includes members of
the armed forces holding ranks such as sergeant, warrant officer and sergeant
major. Competent performance in most
occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.
Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following
minor group:
021 Non-commissioned Armed Forces Officers
Excluded from this group are:
▪ jobs
held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments concerned
with defence issues;
▪
police (other than military police);
▪ customs inspectors and members
of border or other armed civilian services.
Minor Group 021
Non-commissioned
Armed Forces Officers
Non-commissioned armed forces officers enforce military discipline and
supervise the activities of those employed in Sub-major 031: Armed Forces Occupations, Other Ranks,
and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of civilian
occupations outside the armed forces. This group includes members of the armed
forces holding ranks such as sergeant, warrant officer and sergeant major.
Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit
group:
0210 Non-commissioned Armed Forces Officers
Excluded from this
group are:
▪ jobs held by persons in
civilian employment of government establishments concerned with defence issues;
▪ police (other than military
police);
▪ customs inspectors and members
of border or other armed civilian services.
0210 Non-commissioned Armed Forces
Officers
Non-commissioned armed forces officers enforce military discipline and
supervise the activities of those employed in Sub-major Group 0310: Armed Forces
Occupations, Other Ranks, and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a
variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. This group includes
members of the armed forces holding ranks such as sergeant, warrant officer and
sergeant major.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Boatswain (navy)
▪ Flight sergeant
▪ Sergeant (army)
▪ Sergeant major
▪ Warrant officer
Excluded from this group are:
▪
jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments
concerned with defence issues;
▪
police (other than military police);
▪
customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian
services.
Sub-major Group 03
Armed Forces Occupations,
Other Ranks
Armed forces occupations, other ranks include all conscripted and
non-conscripted members of the armed forces except commissioned and
non-commissioned officers. They perform
specific military tasks and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety
of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. Most occupations in this
sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.
Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following
minor group:
031 Armed Forces Occupations, Other Ranks
Excluded
from this group are:
▪
jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments
concerned with defence issues;
▪
police (other than military police);
▪
customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian services.
Minor Group 031
Armed
Forces Occupations, Other Ranks
Armed forces occupations, other ranks include all conscripted and
non-conscripted members of the armed forces except commissioned and
non-commissioned officers. They perform
specific military tasks and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a
variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces.
Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit
group:
0310 Armed Forces Occupations, Other Ranks
Excluded from this group are:
▪
jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments
concerned with defence issues;
▪
police (other than military police);
▪
customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian
services.
0310 Armed Forces Occupations,
Other Ranks
Armed forces occupations, other ranks include all conscripted and
non-conscripted members of the armed forces except commissioned and
non-commissioned officers. They perform
specific military tasks and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a
variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces.
Examples of the occupations
classified here:
▪ Airman
▪ Bombardier
▪ Corporal (air force)
▪ Corporal (army)
▪ Coxswain (navy)
▪ Gunner
▪ Infantryman/woman
▪ Paratrooper
▪ Rifleman/woman
▪ Seaman/woman (navy)
Excluded from this group are:
▪
jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments
concerned with defence issues;
▪
police (other than military police);
▪
customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian
services.